Economic Globalisation and Human Rights: EIUC Studies on Human Rights and Democratization (European Inter-University Centre for Human Rights and Democratisation)

Economic globalisation is one of the guiding paradigms of the twenty-first century. The challenge it implies for human rights is fundamental, and key questions have up to now received no satisfying answers. How can human rights protect human dignity when economic globalisation has an adverse impact on local living conditions? How should human rights evolve in response to a global economy in which non-statal actors are decisive forces? Economic Globalisation and Human Rights was originally published in 2007, and sets out to assess these and other questions to ensure that, as economic globalisation intensifies, human rights take up the central and crucial position that they deserve. Using a multidisciplinary methodology, leading scholars reflect on issues such as the need for global ethics, the localisation of human rights, the role of human rights in WTO law, and efforts to make international economic organisations more accountable and multinational corporations more socially responsible. COVER......Page 1 HALF-TITLE......Page 3 TITLE......Page 5 COPYRIGHT......Page 6 CONTENTS......Page 7 CONTRIBUTORS......Page 9 SERIES EDITORS’ PREFACE......Page 13 PREFACE......Page 15 ABBREVIATIONS......Page 17 Defining the terms......Page 23 Linking economic globalisation and human rights......Page 26 Human rights continue to offer protection in a global economy......Page 28 On the need to adjust human rights to new economic realities......Page 32 Bibliography......Page 36 PART I Inter-disciplinary Perspectives on Human Rights and Economic Globalisation......Page 37 Introduction......Page 39 Globalist analysis......Page 41 Globalist views of the State......Page 45 Economic globalisation and development......Page 51 Democratic global governance and human rights......Page 54 Bibliography......Page 56 Introduction......Page 61 Global ethics – a contradiction in terms?......Page 67 The question of globally shared values......Page 70 About ethics in the public sphere: the premise of normative pluralism......Page 73 Basic norms......Page 77 The problem of ethical commitment – indifference, marginalisation, neglect......Page 80 Postscript......Page 82 Bibliography......Page 87 Introduction......Page 89 The continuing validity of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights......Page 91 Human rights allow for plurality......Page 93 The view from below......Page 97 A return to the global......Page 106 Conclusion......Page 111 Bibliography......Page 112 Introduction: the social dimension of the global market......Page 115 Trade liberalisation and labour law: the ambivalences......Page 117 The linkage hypothesis......Page 119 The effects of trade liberalisation on labour law......Page 122 The regulation between the global and the local: the Social Clause and fundamental social rights......Page 124 Levels and subjects of regulation......Page 129 The multilateral global dimension: the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs – World Trade Organisation......Page 130 The European dimension......Page 134 The North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation......Page 136 The Central-American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA)......Page 139 Unilateral regulation and the generalised system of preferences......Page 142 The company dimension and Codes of Conduct......Page 145 Concluding remarks: labour law in the post-national puzzle......Page 149 Bibliography......Page 152 PART II The Relevance of Human Rights for International Economic Organisations......Page 157 Introduction......Page 159 International economic cooperation......Page 161 Cooperation in the field of human rights......Page 164 The increasing concern of UN human rights bodies with international trade issues......Page 165 The response of GATT/WTO to so-called ‘non-trade issues’......Page 175 Overcoming separate approaches in resolving common global problems......Page 180 Conclusion: Elements of an interface between the World Trade Organization and human rights to strengthen coordinated global governance......Page 185 Bibliography......Page 188 Making Trade Policies More Accountable and Human Rights-Consistent: A NGO Perspective of Using Human Rights Instruments in the Case of Access to Medicines......Page 192 Multilateral trade agreements: the WTO TRIPS Agreement......Page 194 The WTO Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health......Page 198 The WTO General Council Decision of 30 August 2003 on the implementation of paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health......Page 200 The emergence of TRIPS-plus rules......Page 201 The inclusion of TRIPS-plus rules in bilateral and regional trade agreements......Page 202 Access to affordable medicines as an obligation under international human rights law......Page 204 The right to life......Page 205 The right to health......Page 206 Children’s rights......Page 208 International cooperation and assistance......Page 209 Access to information and participation in decision-making......Page 210 Using international human rights mechanisms to make trade more accountable and human rights-consistent......Page 212 Rationale for raising trade-related issues in human rights treaty bodies......Page 213 3D’s experience of using UN treaty bodies to make trade rules more accountable and human rights-consistent......Page 214 Ecuador......Page 215 Botswana......Page 218 Denmark and Italy......Page 220 Special procedures: the Special Rapporteur on the right to health......Page 222 The resolutions of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights......Page 224 Conclusion......Page 225 Bibliography......Page 227 Introduction......Page 232 The mandate of the Bretton Woods institutions and the promotion of human rights......Page 234 Predominance of economic considerations in the decision-making process: limitations and evolution......Page 235 The evolution of the concept of development in the post-Cold War period: towards a comprehensive and participative development......Page 240 Financing activities and the promotion of human rights......Page 245 Public participation and accountability, with special emphasis on the World Bank Inspection Panel......Page 253 The various facets of the notions of public participation and accountability......Page 254 The procedure of the World Bank Inspection Panel......Page 258 Bibliography......Page 262 PART III International Corporate Accountability......Page 265 Introduction......Page 267 Sovereignty and the responsibility of the territorial state......Page 270 Individual responsibility of corporate officials......Page 273 The direct liability of the corporation......Page 276 The international responsibility of the home state......Page 282 Conclusion......Page 286 Bibliography......Page 287 Introduction......Page 288 The development of human rights issues in international commercial arbitration......Page 290 Human rights and arbitration agreements......Page 293 Human rights and arbitration proceedings......Page 297 Due process......Page 298 Right to independent and impartial arbitration......Page 301 Language and procedural costs......Page 304 Speed of arbitration, ‘reasonable delay’ and effective remedy......Page 305 Human rights and lex contractus......Page 306 Human rights in the selection of international mandatory rules and in public policy......Page 307 Corporate social responsibility ‘from above’ and ‘from below’: towards contractualised human rights?......Page 311 Global level......Page 312 Concluding remarks: codes ‘from above’ as benchmarks......Page 314 Corporate social responsibility ‘from below’: generated at business community level......Page 315 Unilateral codes of conduct......Page 316 Collective codes of conduct......Page 317 Taking corporate social responsibility seriously: market-based enforcement......Page 319 The ‘spin-off ’ from corporate social responsibility into arbitration......Page 322 Conclusion......Page 327 Bibliography......Page 328 Human rights and the new economic realities......Page 333 Identifying and responding to major challenges......Page 336 Institutionalising and operationalising human rights......Page 339 Towards a more responsible world economy......Page 342 As paradigms shift, human rights grow in importance......Page 344 Bibliography......Page 345 INDEX......Page 347 Economic Globalisation Is One Of The Guiding Paradigms Of The Twenty-first Century. The Challenge It Implies For Human Rights Is Fundamental, And Key Questions Have Up To Now Received No Satisfying Answers. How Can Human Rights Protect Human Dignity When Economic Globalisation Has An Adverse Impact On Local Living Conditions? How Should Human Rights Evolve In Response To A Global Economy In Which Non-statal Actors Are Decisive Forces? Economic Globalisation And Human Rights Sets Out To Assess These And Other Questions To Ensure That, As Economic Globalization Intensifies, Human Rights Take Up The Central And Crucial Position That They Deserve. Using A Multidisciplinary Methodology, Leading Scholars Reflect On Issues Such As The Need For Global Ethics, The Localisation Of Human Rights, The Role Of Human Rights In Wto Law, And Efforts To Make International Economic Organisations More Accountable And Multinational Corporations More Socially Responsible. Economic Globalisation, Globalist Stories Of The State, And Human Rights / Jernej Pikalo -- Towards A Theory Of Global Ethics In Support Of Human Rights / George Ulrich -- Localising Human Rights / Koen De Feyter -- Globalisation And Social Rights / Adalberto Perulli -- The World Trade Organization And Human Rights / Wolfgang Benedek -- Making Trade Policies More Accountable And Human Rights-consistent: A Ngo Perspective Of Using Human Rights Instruments In The Case Of Access To Medicines / Davinia Ovett -- The Bretton Woods Institutions And Human Rights: Converging Tendencies / Laurence Boisson De Chazournes -- Alternative Perspectives On International Responsibility For Human Rights Violations By Multinational Corporations / Francesco Francioni -- Human Rights, Arbitration, And Corporate Social Responsibility In The Law Of International Trade / Fabrizio Marrella. Edited By Wolfgang Benedek, Koen De Feyter, Fabrizio Marrella. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.