Economic, Environmental and Health Consequences of Conservation Capital : A Global Perspective

This book tackles the oft ignored role of conservation capital in mainstream discussions in maintaining sustainable development of a country in particular, and the world economy in general. A continuous increase in global temperature trends, climate change, and other related factors has compelled academicians from natural as well as social sciences to reorient classical thought from high growth through large resource extraction, to sustainable growth through lower extraction. This leads one to the important role of generation of conservation capital to satisfy long-term growth and development objectives of economies. This book covers studies on the related issues of conservation capital, environmental crisis, and health impacts from the perspectives of different countries. The highlight is inclusion of some studies on the impact of environmental degradation in relation to COVID 19 pandemic. The book coaxes policy makers to rethink on the optimum useof environmental resources for economic and social activities. The broad coverage of studies included from different regions across the globe ensures that the book finds a wide readership among students and researchers from economics and other social sciences and natural sciences, along with policy makers intent on forming policies leading to a more sustainable growth model. Foreword Preface Introduction Contents Editor and Contributors Abbreviations List of Figures Part I Economic and Environmental Aspects of Conservation Capital 1 The Role of Conservation Capital in Developing Economies: A Static General Equilibrium Analysis with Dynamics 1.1 Introduction 1.2 A Brief Review of Existing Literatures 1.3 The Model 1.3.1 Conservation Technology Transfer Function 1.3.2 Product Market 1.3.3 Factor Market 1.3.4 National Income 1.3.5 Comparative Statics 1.4 Dynamic Version 1.4.1 Long-Run Equilibrium and Stability 1.5 Empirical Analysis 1.6 Concluding Remarks References 2 Generating Appropriate Policies to Minimize Environmental Pollution in Developing Countries 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Types of Environmental Pollution 2.2.1 Air Pollution 2.2.2 Soil Pollution 2.2.3 Water Pollution 2.2.4 Radioactive Pollution 2.2.5 Noise Pollution 2.3 Policies to Minimize Environmental Pollution 2.3.1 Environmental Taxes and Charges 2.3.2 Incentives and Subsidies 2.3.3 Strict Audit and Administrative Fines 2.3.4 Environmental Expenditures 2.3.5 Collaborations 2.3.6 Environmental Literacy Trainings 2.4 An Application with AHP Methodology 2.5 Conclusion and Discussion References 3 Conservation of Resources and the Impact of Privatization: A General Equilibrium Analysis 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Literature Review 3.3 The Model 3.3.1 Impact of Tariff on the Use of Dirty Energy as Means of Pollution Curb 3.3.2 Impact of Public Investment in Clean Energy 3.3.3 Privatization and Liberalization of Non-Renewable Energy 3.3.4 Welfare Implication 3.4 Conclusion References 4 Defining the Most Effective Green Corporate Governance Strategies for Sustainable Performance 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Literature Review on Green Corporate Social Responsibility 4.3 Theoretical Background of Green Corporate Governance Activities 4.4 An Evaluation for GCSR Activities 4.4.1 The List of Indicators 4.4.2 Analysis Results 4.5 Conclusion References 5 Evaluating Possible Ways to Decrease Negative Environmental Impact of Nuclear Energy Projects 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Theoretical Background 5.3 An Examination with DEMATEL 5.4 Conclusion References 6 Does Sustainability Really Lower Economic Growth? In Search of Empirical Evidence from Tonga 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Brief Literature Review 6.3 Methodology 6.3.1 Database and Measurement of Variables 6.3.2 Estimation Methodology 6.4 Results and Discussion 6.5 Concluding Remarks Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Results from Granger Causality References 7 Does Green Investing Generate Return Over Conventional Funds? A Comparative Portfolio Analysis with Indian Stock Market 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Materials and Methods 7.3 Results and Discussion 7.4 Conclusions References 8 Macroeconomic Determination of Forestry Contribution to the Nigeria Economy 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Empirical Review of Relevant Literature 8.2.1 Foreign Direct Investment and Forestry 8.2.2 Unemployment and Forestry 8.2.3 Foreign Direct Investment and Unemployment 8.3 Method 8.3.1 Theoretical Framework 8.3.2 Model Estimated 8.3.3 Data 8.3.4 Justification of the Variables 8.3.5 Co-integration Approach 8.4 Findings 8.5 Conclusion References 9 Impacts of Low Carbon Economy in India: A Review 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Challenges in Low Carbon Development 9.3 Metrics for Socio-Economic Considerations and Low Carbon Development 9.4 Centre’s Actions on Low Carbon Development in India 9.4.1 National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) 9.4.2 Indian Network of Climate Change Assessment (INCCA) 9.4.3 Expert Group on a Low Carbon Strategy and Inclusive Growth 9.4.4 Carbon Tax on Coal to Fund Clean Energy 9.4.5 Renewable Energy Related Policies and Measures 9.4.6 Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) 9.4.7 Carbon Finance 9.5 State Action Plan on Low Carbon Development 9.6 Benefits of LCE 9.7 Policy Recommendation for Low-Carbon Economy 9.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives References 10 Conservation Capital Investments and Policies in the Global Construction Industry 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Main Drivers for Conservation Capital Investment and Policies in the CI 10.3 Recommendations for Enhancing Effectiveness of Conservation Capital Investment and Policies in the CI 10.4 Discussion 10.5 Conclusion References 11 Environmental Consequences of the Adoption of Electric Vehicle in Leading World Economies with Special Reference to India 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Review of Literature 11.3 Objective 11.4 Data Source 11.5 Methodology 11.6 Findings and Discussion 11.7 Conclusion and Policy Implications References Part II Implications of Climate Change and Conservation Capital on Health Issues 12 Anthropogenic Disturbances on Climate Change, Global Warming, Ecosystem and COVID 19 Pandemic 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Ecological Footprint 12.3 Anthropogenic Effects on Biodiversity 12.3.1 Population Growth 12.3.2 Climate Change 12.4 Anthropogenic Activities on Climate Change 12.5 Change in Biodiversity and Rise of Pandemics 12.5.1 Changes of Ecosystem, Climate and Emergence of Diseases 12.6 Concluding Observations References 13 Green and Sustainable Chemistry: A New Blossoming Area to Solve Multiple Global Problems of Environment and Economy 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Some Important Green and Sustainable Chemical Technologies 13.2.1 Atmospheric CO2 Capturing and Conversion Technology 13.2.2 Water Splitting Technology for the Production of Renewable Hydrogen Fuel 13.2.3 Solar Cell 13.2.4 Biofuel Synthetic Technology 13.2.5 Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics 13.2.6 Food Coating Technology 13.2.7 Use of Greener Catalysts for Sustainable Synthetic Technology 13.2.8 Green and Sustainable Solvent 13.3 Conclusion References 14 Evergreen Conservation Capital Indicators and Life Expectancy in Italy 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Objectives of the Study 14.3 Data 14.4 Method 14.5 Results 14.6 Conclusions References 15 Viral Pandemic Caused by Intense Abuse on Environment 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Materials and Methods 15.2.1 Overview 15.2.2 Online Repositories 15.2.3 Data Collection 15.2.4 Limitations of Datasets 15.2.5 Statistical Analysis 15.3 Result 15.3.1 Epidemics and Pandemics During 2000–2020 15.3.2 Climate Change During 2000–2020 15.3.3 Effect of Pollution on Disease Outbreaks 15.3.4 Effect of Deforestation on Disease Outbreaks 15.4 Discussion References 16 Does Conservation Capital Lead to Improvements in Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy? 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Materials and Method 16.3 Results and Discussion 16.4 Conclusion References 17 Internal Reverse Migration in India Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Linking up Human Capital with Natural Capital 17.1 Background 17.2 The Beginning of the Lockdown 17.3 Methodology 17.4 Results and Discussions Thereof 17.5 Policy Initiatives for Migrant Workers During Pandemic 17.6 The Neo-Malthusian Aspect: Human Capital Puts Pressure on Natural Capital 17.7 Concluding Remarks References 18 COVID-19, Environmental Pollution, and Climate Change Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Literature Review 18.3 Methodology and Data 18.4 Results and Discussions 18.4.1 Descriptive Statistics 18.4.2 Presentation of the Panel VAR Model Results 18.4.3 Results of the Impulse Response Function (IRF) 18.4.4 Stability Test 18.4.5 Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) 18.5 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations References 19 Tourism, Environment and Italian Internal Areas at the Time of COVID-19: New Challenges and Opportunities 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Materials and Methods 19.3 Results and Discussion 19.3.1 Between Marginalization and Socio-Economic Revival, Italian Internal Areas 19.3.2 The Impact of Proximity Tourism in the Summer of Covid-19: From Emergency to Opportunity? 19.3.3 Surveys Results 19.4 Conclusions References 20 Does Vaccination Influence COVID Cases? An Empirical Investigation for India and Its States 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Literature Review 20.3 Research Gap and Rationale of the Study 20.4 Variables and Data Sources 20.5 Hypotheses of the Study 20.6 Methodological Ladders 20.7 Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Test 20.8 Phillips-Perron (PP) Test 20.9 Engle-Granger (EG) Cointegration Test 20.10 Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) 20.11 Granger Causality Test 20.12 Empirical Results and Discussion 20.12.1 Graphical Presentation of the Data 20.12.2 Descriptive Statistical Analysis of the Data 20.12.3 Unit Root Test Results 20.12.4 Cointegration Test Results 20.12.5 Granger Causality Test Results 20.13 Conclusion References 21 Impacts of Effective Conservation Capital Investment and Policies on Healthcare Policies and Expenses 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Relationship Among Climate Change, Conservation Capital and Health Care 21.3 Recommendations for Enhancing Effectiveness of Conservation Capital Policies in Reducing Healthcare Expenses of Countries 21.4 Conclusion References 22 Environmental Quality and the Quality of Life in Sub-Saharan Africa: Measuring the Role of Economic Liberalization 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Materials and Methods 22.3 Results and Discussion 22.4 Conclusion References