Ecology, behaviour and conservation of the charrs, genus Salvelinus (Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes Book 22)

__Salvelinus__ species are one of the most thoroughly studied groups of fishes. Many reasons explain this intense interest in charr biology. Charrs have a Holarctic distribution encompassing many Asian, North American, and European countries and occupy diverse marine and freshwater environments. Furthermore, the current distribution of charr includes areas that were directly influenced by climate and topographic change associated with the many Pleistocene glaciations. Undoubtedly, these conditions have promoted much of the tremendous morphological, ecological, and genetic variability and plasticity within __Salvelinus__ species and they make charr very good models to study evolutionary processes 'in action'. Many charr species also exhibit demographic characteristics such as slow growth, late maturity, and life in extreme environments, that may increase their susceptibility to extinction from habitat changes and overexploitation, especially in depauperate aquatic habitats. This vulnerability makes understanding their biology of great relevance to biodiversity and conservation. Finally, charr are of great cultural, commercial, and recreational significance to many communities, and their intimate linkage with human societies has stimulated much interest in this enigmatic genus. This volume comprises a selection of papers presented at the fourth International Charr Symposium held in Trois-Rivières (Québec, Canada), from 26 June to 1 July 2000. It includes 31 papers on ecological interactions and behaviour, trophic polymorphism, movement and migration, ecophysiology and evolutionary genetics, ecological parasitology, environmental stress and conservation. These studies cannot cover all recent developments in the ecology, behaviour and conservation of __Salvelinus__ species, but collecting them into a special volume should bring attention to current research on this important genus and stimulate further work on __Salvelinus__ species. Front Matter....Pages 1-6 Front Matter....Pages 7-8 Developments in the ecology, evolution, and behaviour of the charrs, genus Salvelinus : relevance for their management and conservation....Pages 9-14 Front Matter....Pages 15-16 Charrs, glaciations and seasonal ice....Pages 17-35 Front Matter....Pages 37-38 Takvatn through 20 years: long-term effects of an experimental mass removal of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus , from a subarctic lake....Pages 39-47 Spatial and temporal variability in the diet of anadromous Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus , in northern Labrador....Pages 49-62 The relationship between spatial distribution and diet of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus , in Loch Ness, U.K.....Pages 63-73 Growth and dietary niche in Salvelinus alpinus and Salvelinus fontinalis as revealed by stable isotope analysis....Pages 75-85 Does the refuge availability influence the spawning behavior of mature male parr in salmonids? A test in the Miyabe charr....Pages 87-93 Front Matter....Pages 95-96 Diversification, sympatric speciation, and trophic polymorphism of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus complex, in Transbaikalia....Pages 97-114 The biology of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus , of Gander Lake, a large, deep, oligotrophic lake in Newfoundland, Canada....Pages 115-126 Physiological performance of two forms of lacustrine brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis , in the open-water habitat....Pages 127-136 Front Matter....Pages 137-138 Why do foraging stream salmonids move during summer?....Pages 139-153 Local movement as a measure of habitat quality in stream salmonids....Pages 155-164 Adaptations to stochastic environmental variations: the effects of seasonal temperatures on the migratory window of Svalbard Arctic charr....Pages 165-174 Seasonal timing and diel activity of lacustrine brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis , spawning in a lake outlet....Pages 175-181 Front Matter....Pages 183-184 Seasonal changes in osmotic and ionic regulation in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus , from a high- and a sub-arctic anadromous population....Pages 185-193 The effect of acute stress and temperature on plasma cortisol and ion concentrations and growth of Lake Inari Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus ....Pages 195-202 Phenotypic differences in buoyancy and energetics of lean and siscowet lake charr in Lake Superior....Pages 203-209 A sex-linked microsatellite locus isolated from the Y chromosome of lake charr, Salvelinus namaycush ....Pages 211-216 Interspecific relationships among charrs based on phylogenetic analysis of nuclear growth hormone intron sequences....Pages 217-222 Characterization of charr chromosomes using fluorescence in situ hybridization....Pages 223-228 Front Matter....Pages 183-184 Physiological, endocrine, and genetic bases of anadromy in the brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis , of the Laval River (Québec, Canada)....Pages 229-242 Front Matter....Pages 243-244 A comparative study of Eubothrium salvelini and E. crassum (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) parasites of Arctic charr and brown trout in alpine lakes....Pages 245-256 Parasite-induced host mortality: indirect evidence from a long-term study....Pages 257-265 Front Matter....Pages 267-268 A comparison of Floy and soft VIalpha tags on hatchery Arctic charr, with emphasis on tag retention, growth and survival....Pages 269-273 The effect of Carlin tags on survival and growth of anadromous Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus ....Pages 275-280 Abundance, annual survival, and recruitment of unexploited and exploited lake charr, Salvelinus namaycush , populations at the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario....Pages 281-292 Biomass and production of lake charr during the acidification and pH recovery of a small Ontario lake....Pages 293-301 Assessment of the feasibility of preventing reproduction of lake charr, Salvelinus namaycush , in shallow areas of reservoirs affected by drawdowns....Pages 303-311 The relevance of individual size to management of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus , populations....Pages 313-320 Decline of the migratory form in bull charr, Salvelinus confluentus , and implications for conservation....Pages 321-332 Factors affecting redd site selection, hatching, and emergence of brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis , in an artificially enhanced site....Pages 333-341 Impact of the 1998 El Niño event on a lake charr, Salvelinus namaycush , population recovering from acidification....Pages 343-351 Back Matter....Pages 353-360