جغرافیای بوم‌شناختی دریا، ویرایش دوم

This book presents an in-depth discussion of the biological and ecological geography of the oceans. It synthesizes locally restricted studies of the ocean to generate a global geography of the vast marine world. Based on patterns of algal ecology, the book divides the ocean into four primary compartments, which are then subdivided into secondary compartments. *Includes color insert of the latest in satellite imagery showing the world's oceans, their similarities and differences *Revised and updated to reflect the latest in oceanographic research *Ideal for anyone interested in understanding ocean ecology -- accessible and informative. Read more... Ch. 1 Towards an Ecological Geography of the Sea -- Ch. 2 Changing Views of How Marine Ecosystems Function -- Ch. 3 Biogeographic Data in Ecological ANalysis -- Ch. 4 Ocean Fronts and Other Ecological Discontinuities -- Ch. 5 Physical Forcing of Phytoplankton Production -- Ch. 6 Nutrient Limitation: The Example of Iron -- Ch. 7 Biomes: The Primary Compartments -- Ch. 8 Provinces: The Secondary Partition -- Ch. 9 Longer Term Responses: From Seasons to Centuries -- Ch. 10 The Atlantic Ocean -- Ch. 11 The Indian Ocean -- Ch. 12 The Pacific Ocean -- Ch. 13 The Southern Ocean Front cover......Page 1 Title page......Page 4 Copyright page......Page 5 Table of contents......Page 8 Preface......Page 12 Acknowledgements......Page 16 1 Toward an Ecological Geography of the Sea......Page 18 The Progressive Exploration of Oceanic and Shelf Ecosystems......Page 19 The Availability of Timely Global Oceanographic Data from Satellites......Page 22 Internal Dynamics of Satellite-Observed Algal Blooms......Page 28 Our New Understanding of the Role of Very Small Organisms......Page 31 2 Biogeographic Partition of the Ocean......Page 36 Taxonomic Diversity: The Shifting Baseline of Biogeography......Page 37 The Useful Results from 150 Years of Marine Biogeography......Page 41 Biogeographic Regions of the Pelagos......Page 42 Geographic Component of Benthic–Pelagic Coupling......Page 45 From Pristine to Modified Ecosystems......Page 48 3 Fronts and Pycnoclines: Ecological Discontinuities......Page 52 Oceanic Fronts and Eddy Streets......Page 53 Shelf-Edge and Upwelling Fronts......Page 56 Tidal Fronts and River Plumes of the Shelf Seas......Page 58 The Ubiquitous “Horizontal Front” at the Shallow Pycnocline......Page 60 4 Physical Control of Ecological Processes......Page 68 Ecological Consequences of Mesoscale Eddies and Planetary Waves......Page 70 Stratification and Irradiance: The Consequences of Latitude......Page 72 Regional and Latitudinal Resistance to Mixing in the Open Oceans......Page 75 Rule-Based Models of Ecological Response to External Forcing......Page 79 Case 2—Nutrient-Limited Spring Production Peak......Page 81 Case 4—Small-Amplitude Response to Trade Wind Seasonality......Page 82 Case 6—Intermittent Production at Coastal Divergences......Page 83 Coastal Asymmetry, Geomorphology, and Tidal Forcing......Page 84 5 Nutrient Limitation: The Example of Iron......Page 88 Nutrient Distribution and the Consequences of Differing Supply Ratios......Page 89 Regional Anomalies in Nutrient Limitation......Page 95 Models of Regional Nutrient Flux and Limitation......Page 100 6 Biomes: The Primary Partition......Page 106 The Four Primary Biomes of the Upper Ocean......Page 107 Polar Biome......Page 111 Westerlies Biome......Page 112 Trades Biome......Page 114 Coastal Biome......Page 116 7 Provinces: The Secondary Compartments......Page 120 Ecological Provinces in the Open Ocean......Page 122 A Statistical Test......Page 127 Analytical Tests......Page 128 Biogeographic Tests......Page 129 Practicable and Useful Partitions in Coastal Seas......Page 130 8 Longer Term Responses: From Seasons to Centuries......Page 132 Scales of External Forcing......Page 133 Recurrent, ENSO-Scale Changes of State......Page 135 Multidecadal Trends and Changes......Page 140 Conclusion: Stable Partitions in a Varying Ocean?......Page 145 9 The Atlantic Ocean......Page 148 Boreal Polar Province (BPLR)......Page 149 Atlantic Arctic Province (ARCT)......Page 159 Atlantic Subarctic Province (SARC)......Page 165 Atlantic Westerly Winds Biome......Page 173 North Atlantic Drift Province (NADR)......Page 174 Gulf Stream Province (GFST)......Page 180 North Atlantic Subtropical Gyral Province (NAST-E, NAST-W)......Page 183 Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea Province (MEDI)......Page 190 Atlantic Trade Wind Biome......Page 200 North Atlantic Tropical Gyral Province (NATR)......Page 201 Caribbean Province (CARB)......Page 205 Western Tropical Atlantic Province (WTRA)......Page 210 Eastern Tropical Atlantic Province (ETRA)......Page 218 South Atlantic Gyral Province (SATL)......Page 226 Northeast Atlantic Shelves Province (NECS)......Page 231 Canary Current Coastal Province (CNRY)......Page 241 Guinea Current Coastal Province (GUIN)......Page 250 Benguela Current Coastal Province (BENG)......Page 259 Northwest Atlantic Shelves Province (NWCS)......Page 265 Guianas Coastal Province (GUIA)......Page 274 Brazil Current Coastal Province (BRAZ)......Page 281 Southwest Atlantic Shelves Province (FKLD)......Page 285 10 The Indian Ocean......Page 292 Indian Monsoon Gyres Province (MONS)......Page 295 Indian South Subtropical Gyre Province (ISSG)......Page 302 Red Sea, Arabian Gulf Province (REDS)......Page 307 Northwest Arabian Sea Upwelling Province (ARAB)......Page 312 Western India Coastal Province (INDW)......Page 320 Eastern India Coastal Province (INDE)......Page 326 Eastern Africa Coastal Province (EAFR)......Page 331 Australia-Indonesia Coastal Province (AUSW)......Page 337 11 The Pacific Ocean......Page 344 North Pacific Epicontinental Sea Province (BERS)......Page 346 Pacific Subarctic Gyres Province, East and West (PSAG)......Page 354 Kuroshio Current Province (KURO)......Page 360 North Pacific Subtropical and Polar Front Provinces (NPST and NPPF)......Page 366 Tasman Sea Province (TASM)......Page 371 North Pacific Tropical Gyre Province (NPTG)......Page 374 North Pacific Equatorial Countercurrent Province (PNEC)......Page 379 Pacific Equatorial Divergence Province (PEQD)......Page 384 Western Pacific Warm Pool Province (WARM)......Page 390 Archipelagic Deep Basins Province (ARCH)......Page 395 South Pacific Subtropical Gyre Province, North and South (SPSG)......Page 402 Alaska Coastal Downwelling Province (ALSK)......Page 406 California Current Province (CALC)......Page 413 Central American Coastal Province (CAMR)......Page 421 Humboldt Current Coastal Province (HUMB)......Page 426 China Sea Coastal Province (CHIN)......Page 434 Sunda-Arafura Shelves Province (SUND)......Page 440 East Australian Coastal Province (AUSE)......Page 446 New Zealand Coastal Province (NEWZ)......Page 452 12 The Southern Ocean......Page 460 South Subtropical Convergence Province (SSTC)......Page 465 Subantarctic Water Ring Province (SANT)......Page 471 Antarctic Province (ANTA)......Page 480 Austral Polar Province (APLR)......Page 485 References......Page 494 Index......Page 544 Color Plates......Page 560 This book presents an in-depth discussion of the biological and ecological geography of the oceans. It synthesizes locally restricted studies of the ocean to generate a global geography of the vast marine world.

Based on patterns of algal ecology, the book divides the ocean into four primary compartments, which are then subdivided into secondary compartments.

*Includes color insert of the latest in satellite imagery showing the world's oceans, their similarities and differences

*Revised and updated to reflect the latest in oceanographic research

*Ideal for anyone interested in understanding ocean ecology -- accessible and informative

Audience: Ecologists, oceanographers, marine and fishery scientists.

"This discussion of the ecological geography of the oceans synthesizes locally-focused studies to support a rational partition of the entire surface of the oceans into ecological provinces that are now widely accepted by oceanographers and fisheries scientists. Using information from recent research as well as data and images from earth-orbiting satellites, Ecological Geography of the Sea, Second Edition describes how the pelagic ecosystem everywhere responds to the effects of mesoscale eddies, planetary waves, tide sea-ice and other oceanographic phenomena."--Jacket