Ecocriticism, Ecology, and the Cultures of Antiquity (Ecocritical Theory and Practice)

Although current environmental debates lay the focus on the Industrial Revolution as a sociopolitical development that has led to the current environmental crisis, many ecocritical projects have avoided historicizing their concepts or have been characterized by approaches that were either pre-historic or post-historic: while the environmental movement has harbored the dream of restoring nature to a state untouched by human hands, there is also the pessimistic vision of a post-apocalyptic world, exhausted by humanity’s consumption of natural resources. Against this background, the decline of nature has become a narrative template quite common among the public environmental discourse and environmental scientists alike. The volume revisits Antiquity as an epoch which witnessed similar environmental problems and came up with its own interpretations and solutions in dealing with them. This decidedly historical perspective is not only supposed to fill in a blank in ecocritical discourse, but also to question, problematize, and inform our contemporary debates with a completely different take on “nature” and humanity’s place in the world. Thereby, a productive dialogue between contemporary ecocritical theories and the classical tradition is established that highlights similarities as well as differences. This volume is the first book to bring ecocriticism and the classical tradition into a comprehensive dialogue. It assembles recognized experts in the field and advanced scholars as well as young and aspiring ecocritics. In order to ensure a dialogic exchange between the contributions, the volume includes four response essays by established ecocritics which embed the sections within a larger theoretical and practical ecocritical framework and discuss the potential of including the pre-modern world into our environmental debates. Contents 6 Foreword 10 Abbreviations 16 Introduction 20 ENVIRONMENTAL (HI)STORIES: NEGOTIATING HUMAN-NATURE INTERACTIONS 36 CLOSE READINGS: LITERARY ECOLOGIES AND THE MORE-THAN-HUMAN WORLD 88 “GREEN” GENRES: THE PASTORAL AND GEORGIC TRADITION 176 CLASSICAL RECEPTION: PRESENCE, ABSENCE, AND THE AFTERLIVES OF ANCIENT CULTURE 244 Response 318 Afterword 328 Bibliography 336 Index 370 About the Contributors 384 By focusing on ancient culture and its reception, this book fills integrates antiquity into our current ecocritical theory and practice to fill in a gap in our environmental debates. It aims at a re-evaluation of antiquity in the light of present-day environmental concerns and re-frames our contemporary outlook on the more-than-human world in the light of cultures far removed from our own