Eco-Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites: Characterization, Fabrication and Applications (Composites Science and Technology)

This book provides an overview of eco-friendly resins and their composite materials covering their synthesis, sources, structures and properties for different industrial applications to support the ongoing research and development in eco-friendly and renewable commercial products. It provides comparative discussions on the properties of eco-friendly resins with other polymer composites. It is a useful reference on bio-based eco-friendly polymer resins, wood-based composites, natural fibers and biomass materials for the polymer scientists, engineers and material scientists. Preface Contents About the Editors Introduction of Eco-Friendly Adhesives: Source, Types, Chemistry and Characterization 1 Introduction 1.1 Source, Types, Chemistry, and Characterization of Wood Composites Adhesives 1.2 Synthetic Adhesives 1.3 Natural Adhesives 2 Future Aspects of Bio-Adhesive 2.1 Polysaccharides and Proteins 2.2 Lignin 2.3 Vegetable Oils and Small Molecule Renewable Monomers 2.4 Non-Adhesive Bonding 3 Conclusions References Synthesis Process of Various Types of Bio-adhesives 1 Introduction 2 Bioadhesion Mechanism 3 Synthesis Process of Various Type of Bio-adhesives 3.1 Hydrogel Synthesis 3.2 Chemical Cross-Linking 3.3 Micro- and Nanosphere System 3.4 Fabrication of Nanocomposite 4 Conclusion and Future Perspective References Fiberboard Manufacturing from Laccase Activated Lignin Based Bioadhesive 1 Introduction 2 Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) from Natural Adhesive 3 Natural Fiber 3.1 Physical Properties of Natural Fibers 3.2 Chemical Composition of Fiber 3.3 Cellulose 3.4 Hemicellulose 3.5 Lignin 3.6 Extractive 4 Synthetic Adhesive 5 Natural Adhesive 5.1 Animal Glues 5.2 Casein-Based Adhesives 6 Blood-Based Adhesives 7 Soy-Based Adhesives 8 Lignin Based Adhesive 9 LACCASE 10 Laccase: Reaction Mechanism 11 Factor Affecting Laccase Activity 11.1 Influence of pH on Laccase Activity and Stability 11.2 Temperature on Laccase Activity and Stability 11.3 Influence of Inhibitors on Enzyme Activity 11.4 Fiber Modification 11.5 Lignin Modification 11.6 Lignin: Chemistry 11.7 Lignin Polymerization 12 Development in Lignin Based Adhesive 13 Conclusion and Recommendation References Biobased Thermoplastic Polyurethanes and Their Capability to Biodegradation 1 Introduction 2 Sustainable Thermoplastic Polyurethane 3 Thermoplastic Polyurethane: Biobased Synthesis, Properties, and Applications 4 Thermoplastic Polyurethane for Automotive Industries 5 Biodegradation 5.1 Factors Affecting the TPU Biodegradation 6 Future of Biobased-Thermoplastic Polyurethane 7 Conclusion References Eco-Friendly Wood Fibre Composites with High Bonding Strength and Water Resistance 1 Introduction 2 Wood Fibre 3 Wood Fibre Polymer Composites 4 Wood Composites with High Bonding Strength 5 Improved Water Resistance Behaviour of Wood Composites 6 Conclusions and Future Perspective References Use of Innovative High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Environmentally Friendly Adhesives for Wood Composites 1 Introduction 1.1 HDPE Film as Adhesive 1.2 Fabrication Method 2 Factors Influencing Adhesion Properties of HDPE Film with Wood-Based Composites 2.1 Curing Parameters 2.2 Use of Coupling Agents and Treatments 2.3 HDPE Dosage 2.4 Fibre Weight to HDPE Ratio 2.5 Aging 3 Future Perspective 4 Conclusion References Utilization of Renewable Biomass and Waste Materials for Production of Environmentally-Friendly, Bio-based Composites 1 Introduction 1.1 Definition of Renewable Biomass 1.2 Other Possibilities for Reprocessing Biomass Waste 1.3 Biomass Waste for Introduction into Polymers 2 Studies on Non-biodegradable Matrices 3 Studies on Industrial Biopolymers 4 Studies on Self-produced Polymers 5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives References Current and Future Challenges of Bio-Based Adhesives for Wood Composite Industries 1 Market and Performance Requirements of Adhesives for Wood Composite Industries 1.1 Adhesives for Wood-Based Panels 1.2 Wood Adhesives for Decorative 2 Recent Developments of Bio-Based Adhesives for Wood Composite Industries 2.1 Lignin-Based Adhesives 2.2 Tannin-Based Adhesives 2.3 Soybean Protein Adhesives 2.4 Starch-Based Adhesives 2.5 Other Bio-Based Adhesives 3 Future Challenges of Bio-Based Adhesives for Wood Composite Industries References Various Types of Natural Fibers Reinforced Poly-Lactic Acid Composites 1 Introduction 2 Natural Fibers 2.1 Natural Fibers Types’ 2.2 Chemical Composition of Natural Fibers 3 Polylactic Acid 3.1 Synthesis of Polylactic Acid 4 The Properties of Natural Fiber/PLA Composites 4.1 Thermal Properties 4.2 Mechanical Properties 4.3 Weathering Properties References Nanocellulose Reinforced Polylactic Acid Bionanocomposites 1 Introduction 2 Natural Fiber 3 Chemistry of Cellulose 4 Nanocellulose 4.1 Cellulose Nano Crystals (CNC) 4.2 Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF) 4.3 Bacterial Cellulose (BC) 5 Isolation Techniques of Nanocellulose 5.1 Mechanical Process 5.2 Chemical Hydrolysis 5.3 Biological Treatments 6 Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) 7 Nanocellulose Reinforced PLA Bionanocomposite 8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives References The Challenge of Environment-Friendly Adhesives for Bio-Composites 1 Introduction 2 Eco-Friendly Wood Adhesives: Adhesion Mechanism and Properties 2.1 Tannin Based Adhesives 2.2 Protein Based Adhesives 2.3 Lignin Based Adhesives 2.4 Carbohydrate Based Adhesives 2.5 Sugar-Based Adhesive 2.6 Eco-Friendly Adhesives Industrial Challenges and Opportunities in Future 2.7 Eco-Friendly Adhesives Operational Limitation for Industrial Scale Production 3 Operational Limitation in Industrial Scale Production 3.1 Adhesives Limitation 4 Other New Bio-Adhesive Systems 4.1 Polysaccharide Adhesives of Animal Origin (Chitosans) 5 Conclusion and Future Perspective References Investigating the Recent Development of Bio-based Polyurethane Foam Produced from Renewable Resources 1 Introduction 1.1 Fundamental Concepts in the Synthesis of Polyurethane Foam 1.2 Structure Properties Relations in Polyurethane Foam 2 Polyol Based Renewable Resources 2.1 Synthesis Polyol Based Renewable Resources 2.2 The Effect of Different Polyol on the Polyurethane Foam Properties 3 Chain Extender and Plasticizer Based Renewable Resources 4 The Effect of Catalysis and Blowing Agent on the Polyurethane Foam Properties 5 Bio-additives 6 Non-isocyanate 7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives References Effect of Biodegradable Adhesive on Bleached Agave Americana Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Fibre, Matrix and Chemicals 2.2 Dextrin Adhesive 2.3 Reinforcement—Adhesive Coating, Bleaching 2.4 Preparation and Testing of Composites 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Flexural Performance of the Composites 3.2 Impact Performance of the Composites 3.3 Flexural and Impact Specimens’ Failure Surfaces 4 Conclusions References