Echocardiographic Atlas of Adult Congenital Heart Disease

This atlas of echocardiography presents more than 100 cases of adult congenital heart disease, from diagnosis to treatment follow-up. The coverage is broad, encompassing atrial and ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, cyanotic adult congenital heart disease, and numerous other anomalies, as well as findings on fetal echocardiography. For each disease, all echocardiographic images and views which proved of diagnostic value are arranged sequentially, with inclusion of transesophageal echocardiographic images whenever appropriate. Additional pertinent information is provided relating to diagnosis and treatment, and key teaching points are highlighted. The superb quality of the illustrations and the range of cases considered (including many rare ones) ensure that this atlas will be of great value for cardiology residents and fellows and highly relevant to day-to-day practice. Front Matter....Pages i-xvii Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Ostium Secundum Type....Pages 1-4 Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) Attached to the Coronary Sinus....Pages 5-6 Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with a Small Rim to the Inferior Vena Cava....Pages 7-10 Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Subjected to Patch Closure with a Valve....Pages 11-12 Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) During Device Closure....Pages 13-17 Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) Closure by the Amplatzer....Pages 19-20 Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) Unsuitable for Device Closure....Pages 21-22 Fenestrated Interatrail Septum “Swiss Cheese-like Atrial Septal Defect”....Pages 23-24 Multiple Atrial Septal Defects (Ostium Secundum Type)....Pages 25-28 Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with an Additional Defect in the Interatrial Septum....Pages 29-30 Multiple Atrial Septal Defects (Ostium Secundum Type)....Pages 31-33 Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with Eisenmenger’s Syndrome....Pages 35-38 Follow-up Echocardiography of Atrial Septal Defect Device Closure....Pages 39-40 Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with a Prominent Chiari Network....Pages 41-42 Extremely Large Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation and Severe Annulus Dilation....Pages 43-44 Patent Foramen Ovale with Aneurysmal Interatrial Septum....Pages 45-45 Patent Foramen Ovale with Partially Aneurysmal Interatrial Septum....Pages 47-49 Interatrial Septal Aneurysm with a Large Patent Foramen Ovale....Pages 51-53 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Intermediate Form)....Pages 55-59 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Transitional Form)....Pages 61-62 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Partial Form)....Pages 63-66 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Transitional Form)....Pages 67-70 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Complete Form) and a Common Atrium with Eisenmenger’s Syndrome....Pages 71-74 Common Atrium, Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava, Left Persistent Superior Vena Cava, and Left Azygous Vein....Pages 75-79 Complete Atrioventricular Canal....Pages 81-83 Severe Mitral Regurgitation Due to the Anterior Mitral Leaflet Cleft Post Surgery for an Atrioventricular Septal Defect....Pages 85-86 Severe Mitral Regurgitation Post Surgery for an Atrioventricular Septal Defect....Pages 87-89 Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (Two Right Pulmonary Veins)....Pages 91-94 Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (Two Right Pulmonary Veins)....Pages 95-96 Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (Three Right Pulmonary Veins)....Pages 97-98 Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (Right Upper Pulmonary Vein)....Pages 99-100 Left Persistent Superior Vena Cava with an Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return....Pages 101-104 Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) Below the Inferior Vena Cava with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (Right Lower Pulmonary Vein)....Pages 105-106 Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Diagnosed by Subcostal Bicaval View....Pages 107-108 Isolated Left Persistent Superior Vena Cava....Pages 109-110 Left Persistent Superior Vena Cava and Cerebral Stroke....Pages 111-113 Left Persistent Superior Vena Cava....Pages 115-116 Unroofed Coronary Sinus....Pages 117-118 Ostium Secundum Accompanied by Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects and Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis....Pages 119-122 Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis....Pages 123-126 Abnormal Left Pulmonary Venous Return to the Coronary Sinus....Pages 127-136 Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect with No Rim to the Aortic Valve....Pages 137-139 Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect....Pages 141-142 Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect Partially Closed with the Septal Leaflet of the Tricuspid Valve....Pages 143-144 Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect Partially Closed by the Septal Leaflet of the Tricuspid Valve....Pages 145-146 Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect in the Lower Part of the Interventricular Septum....Pages 147-148 Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Located High in Interventricular Septum....Pages 149-150 Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect, Intermediate Location in Interventricular Septum....Pages 151-152 Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect with Fibromuscular Ridge Formation in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract....Pages 153-156 Ventricular Septal Defect Almost Closed by the Aneurysm Formation of the Septum....Pages 157-158 Ventricular Septal Defect Partially Closed by the Aneurysm Formation of the Septal Basal Segment and Septal Leaflet of Tricuspid Valve....Pages 159-160 Doubly Committed Ventricular Septal Defect with No Aortic Regurgitation....Pages 161-163 Doubly Committed Ventricular Septal Defect....Pages 165-167 Ventricular Septal Defect Device Closure....Pages 169-170 Residual Ventricular Septal Defect Post Surgery (Patch Closure)....Pages 171-173 Ventricular Septal Defect with Infective Endocarditis....Pages 175-177 Ventricular Septal Defect with Subvalvular Membranous Aortic Stenosis....Pages 179-181 Ventricular Septal Defect with Eisenmenger’s Syndrome....Pages 183-184 Ventricular Septal Defect, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, and Eisenmenger’s Syndrome....Pages 185-187 Ventricular Septal Defect Completely Closed....Pages 189-190 Ventricular Septal Defect with Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis....Pages 191-192 Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect and Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis with an Additional Apical VSD....Pages 193-195 Ventricular Septal Defect and Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis....Pages 197-200 Ventricular Septal Defects and Double-Chamber Right Ventricle....Pages 201-204 Patent Ductus Arteriosus Type B by Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Middle-Aged Woman....Pages 205-208 Patent Ductus Arteriosus Type B by Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Young Woman....Pages 209-210 Patent Ductus Arteriosus by Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography....Pages 211-212 Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Pulmonary Insufficiency....Pages 213-216 Patent Ductus Arteriosus by Transthoracic Echocardiography....Pages 217-218 Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Eisenmenger’s Syndrome....Pages 219-222 Large Patent Ductus Arteriosus (Type A) with Eisenmenger’s Syndrome....Pages 223-225 Patent Ductus Arteriosus Device Closure....Pages 227-228 Tetralogy of Fallot with an Additional VSD, Good Nakata Index, and Abnormal Course of the Coronary Artery....Pages 229-233 Tetralogy of Fallot, Small Pulmonary Annulus, and Low Nakata Index....Pages 235-237 Tetralogy of Fallot and Pulmonary Atresia....Pages 239-244 Postsurgery of Tetralogy of Fallot, Aneurysm of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract, and Branch Pulmonary Insufficiency....Pages 245-248 Post Surgery of Tetralogy of Fallot: Severe Pulmonary Insufficiency with Normal Right Ventricular Systolic Function....Pages 249-250 Post Surgery of Tetralogy of Fallot: Severe Pulmonary Insufficiency with Moderate Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction....Pages 251-252 Modified Blalock–Taussig Shunt....Pages 253-258 Senning Operation with Mild Systemic Ventricular Dysfunction....Pages 259-260 Senning Operation with Acceptable Intra-Baffle Gradients....Pages 261-266 Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries....Pages 267-272 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries with Subaortic Stenosis....Pages 273-274 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries, Dextrocardia, and Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis....Pages 275-277 Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis and Atrial Septal Defect....Pages 279-280 Severe Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis and Patent Foramen Ovale....Pages 281-283 Severe Valvular and Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis....Pages 285-286 Severe Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis and Bicuspid Pulmonary Valve....Pages 287-289 Moderate Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis with Moderate Pulmonary Regurgitation....Pages 291-292 Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis: Moderate Restenosis of Right Pulmonary Artery Stenting....Pages 293-294 Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis (Membranous Type Without Attachment to Anterior Mitral Leaflet) with Severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and Severe Aortic Regurgitation....Pages 295-296 Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis (Membranous Type with Circular Web) with Severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract and Moderate Aortic Regurgitation....Pages 297-300 Subvalvular AS Membranous Type with Mild Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and No Aortic Regurgitation....Pages 301-302 Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis: Fibromuscular Type with Severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction....Pages 303-305 Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis with Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type)....Pages 307-308 Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis (Membranous Type) with Severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and Moderately Severe Aortic Regurgitation with Ascending Aorta Dilation....Pages 309-311 Valvular and Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis with Bicuspid Aortic Valve....Pages 313-315 Recurrence of Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis After Surgery with Mild Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and Moderate Aortic Regurgitation....Pages 317-318 Recurrence of Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis After Surgery with Severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and Severe Aortic Regurgitation....Pages 319-321 Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Severe Aortic Regurgitation with Dilation of the Sinus of Valsalva....Pages 323-324 Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Severe Aortic Regurgitation with Dilation of the Sinus of Valsalva....Pages 325-327 Bicuspid Aortic Valve with Severe Aortic Stenosis and Dilation of the Ascending Aorta....Pages 329-330 Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Rupture of the Chordae of the Posterior Mitral Leaflet....Pages 331-332 Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis – Hourglass Type....Pages 333-337 Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis – Tubular Type....Pages 339-342 Parachute Mitral Valve and Interrupted Aortic Arch....Pages 343-347 Parachute Mitral Valve....Pages 349-350 Interrupted Aortic Arch, Transposition of Great Arteries, Atrial Septal Defect, Ventricular Septal Defect, and Patent Ductus Arteriosus....Pages 351-354 Quadricuspid Aortic Valve and Severe Aortic Regurgitation....Pages 355-355 Quadricuspid Aortic Valve and Severe Aortic Regurgitation with Mild Dilation of Ascending Aorta....Pages 357-358 Rupture of the Sinus of Valsalva: The Right Coronary Cusp to the Right Ventricle....Pages 359-361 Rupture of the Sinus of Valsalva: Noncoronary Cusp to the Right Atrium....Pages 363-368 Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula: Left Coronary Artery to the Main Pulmonary Artery....Pages 369-370 Cor Triatriatum....Pages 371-374 Common Atrium, Atrioventricular Septal Defect, and Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis....Pages 375-378 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection....Pages 379-382 Truncus Arteriosus....Pages 383-384 Severe Pulmonary Insufficiency Post Percutaneous Pulmonary Valvuloplasty....Pages 385-386 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle: “Taussig–Bing Complex and Isenmenger Syndrome”....Pages 387-390 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle: Taussig–Bing Syndrome....Pages 391-393 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle, Atretic Pulmonary Valve, and Subaortic Ventricular Septal Defect....Pages 395-398 Situs Inversus, Dextrocardia, Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries, Subpulmonic Ventricular Septal Defect, and Pulmonary Stenosis....Pages 399-407 Single Ventricle, Malposition of Great Arteries, and Valvular and Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis....Pages 409-412 Fontan Operation in a Patient with Single Ventricle....Pages 413-414 Fontan Operation....Pages 415-417 Tricuspid Atresia with Pulmonary Atresia....Pages 419-420 Tricuspid Atresia with Inlet VSD....Pages 421-422 Ebstein’s Anomaly with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation....Pages 423-424 Ebstein’s Anomaly with Moderate Tricuspid Regurgitation, Mild Septal Displacement Ratio, and Grade 1 Right Atrial Cavity Ratio....Pages 425-427 Ebstein’s Anomaly with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation....Pages 429-432 Ebstein’s Anomaly with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation, Severe Septal Displacement Ratio, and Grade 3 Right Atrial Cavity Ratio....Pages 433-437 Ebstein’s Anomaly with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation, Mild Septal Displacement Ratio, and Grade 4 Right Atrial Cavity Ratio....Pages 439-442 Ebstein’s Anomaly with Moderate Tricuspid Regurgitation and Moderate Septal Displacement Ratio....Pages 443-444 Ebstein’s Anomaly with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation....Pages 445-448 Ebstein’s Anomaly with Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis....Pages 449-451 Fetal Heart Echocardiography Focusing Ductal Arch....Pages 453-454 Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Atrioventricular Septal Defect and Common Atrium....Pages 455-456 Fetal Heart Echocardiography Focusing Foramen Oval....Pages 457-459 Fetal Heart Echocardiography of Twins....Pages 461-463 Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Ventricular Septal Defect....Pages 465-465 Fetal Heart Echocardiography Focusing Ductal Arch and Aortic Arch....Pages 467-468 Fetal Heart Echocardiography by Four-Dimensional Reconstruction....Pages 469-471 Fetal Heart Echocardiography Focusing Branching of Main Pulmonary Artery....Pages 473-474 Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Transposition of Great Arteries....Pages 475-476 Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Single Ventricle....Pages 477-478 Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Ventricular Septal Defect Inlet Type....Pages 479-480 Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Atrioventricular Septal Defect....Pages 481-483 Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Transposition of Great Arteries....Pages 485-486 Transposition of Great Arteries....Pages 487-488 Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Pericardial Effusion....Pages 489-490 Situs Inversus Dextrocardia....Pages 491-493 Coarctation of Aortic Valve, Bicuspid Aortic Valve, and Patent Foramen Ovale....Pages 495-497 Coarctation of the Aorta....Pages 499-500 Coarctation of the Aorta Focusing Collaterals....Pages 501-502 Coarctation of the Aorta and Bicuspid Aortic Valve....Pages 503-505 Coarctoplasty Plus Stent Implantation, Ventricular Septal Defect, and Bicuspid Aortic Valve....Pages 507-509 Involvement of Coronary Artery Due to Kawasaki Disease....Pages 511-511 Back Matter....Pages 513-517