ECAI 2006 : 17th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, August 29-September 1, 2006, Riva del Garda, Italy : including Prestigious Applications of Intelligent Systems (PAIS 2006) : proceedings

In the summer of 1956, John McCarthy organized the famous Dartmouth Conference which is now commonly viewed as the founding event for the field of Artificial Intelligence. During the last 50 years, AI has seen a tremendous development and is now a well-established scientific discipline all over the world. Also in Europe AI is in excellent shape, as witnessed by the large number of high quality papers in this publication. In comparison with ECAI 2004, there s a strong increase in the relative number of submissions from Distributed AI / Agents and Cognitive Modelling. Knowledge Representation & Reasoning is traditionally strong in Europe and remains the biggest area of ECAI 2006. One reason the figures for Case-Based Reasoning are rather low is that much of the high quality work in this area has found its way into prestigious applications and is thus represented under the heading of PAIS.IOS Press is an international science, technical and medical publisher of high-quality books for academics, scientists, and professionals in all fields. Some of the areas we publish in: -Biomedicine -Oncology -Artificial intelligence -Databases and information systems -Maritime engineering -Nanotechnology -Geoengineering -All aspects of physics -E-governance -E-commerce -The knowledge economy -Urban studies -Arms control -Understanding and responding to terrorism -Medical informatics -Computer Sciences Title page......Page 2 ECCAI Member Societies......Page 6 Conference Organization......Page 8 ECAI Programme Committee......Page 10 Additional Reviewers......Page 12 Preface......Page 14 Contents......Page 16 Invited Talks......Page 28 Socially Intelligent Robots......Page 30 Managing Diversity in Knowledge......Page 31 The Truth About Defaults......Page 32 SmartWeb: Getting Answers on the Go......Page 33 Papers......Page 34 Cognitive Modelling......Page 36 Background Default Knowledge and Causality Ascriptions......Page 38 Comparing Sets of Positive and Negative Arguments: Empirical Assessment of Seven Qualitative Rules......Page 43 A Similarity and Fuzzy Logic-Based Approach to Cerebral Categorisation......Page 48 Imitation of Intentional Behaviour......Page 53 Dramatization Meets Narrative Presentations......Page 58 MAMA: An Architecture for Interactive Musical Agents......Page 63 Bayesian Modelling of Colour's Usage Impact to Web Credibility......Page 68 Evaluating Perception of Interaction Initiation in Virtual Environments Using Humanoid Agents......Page 73 Cognitive Situated Agents Learn to Name Actions......Page 78 Tracking the Lexical Zeitgeist with WordNet and Wikipedia......Page 83 Constraints and Search......Page 88 Enhancing Constraints Manipulation in Semiring-Based Formalisms......Page 90 Evaluating ASP and Commercial Solvers on the CSPLib......Page 95 Automatic Generation of Implied Constraints......Page 100 Maintaining Generalized Arc Consistency on Ad-Hoc n-Ary Boolean Constraints......Page 105 A Study on the Short-Term Prohibition Mechanisms in Tabu Search......Page 110 Random Subset Optimization......Page 115 Search for Compromise Solutions in Multiobjective State Space Graphs......Page 120 Minion: A Fast Scalable Constraint Solver......Page 125 Asynchronous Forward-Bounding for Distributed Constraints Optimization......Page 130 Distributed Log-Based Reconciliation......Page 135 Extracting MUCs from Constraint Networks......Page 140 Preference-Based Inconsistency Proving: When the Failure of the Best Is Sufficient......Page 145 Return of the JTMS: Preferences Orchestrate Conflict Learning and Solution Synthesis......Page 150 Multi-Objective Propagation in Constraint Programming......Page 155 Last Conflict Based Reasoning......Page 160 Dynamic Orderings for AND/OR Branch-and-Bound Search in Graphical Models......Page 165 Compact Representation of Sets of Binary Constraints......Page 170 Pessimistic Heuristics Beat Optimistic Ones in Real-Time Search......Page 175 Inverse Consistencies for Non-Binary Constraints......Page 180 Guiding Search Using Constraint-Level Advice......Page 185 Beyond Singleton Arc Consistency......Page 190 Symmetry Breaking Using Value Precedence......Page 195 Distributed AI/Agents......Page 200 Coordination Through Inductive Meaning Negotiation......Page 202 Reaching Agreements for Coalition Formation Through Derivation of Agents' Intentions......Page 207 Cheating Is Not Playing: Methodological Issues of Computational Game Theory......Page 212 Mediation in the Framework of Morpho-Logic......Page 217 Strengthening Admissible Coalitions......Page 222 Advanced Policy Explanations on the Web......Page 227 Prevention of Harmful Behaviors Within Cognitive and Autonomous Agents......Page 232 Coalition Structure Generation in Task-Based Settings......Page 237 Programming Agents with Emotions......Page 242 Goal Types in Agent Programming......Page 247 Alternating-Offers Bargaining Under One-Sided Uncertainty on Deadlines......Page 252 A Logic-Based Framework to Compute Pareto Agreements in One-Shot Bilateral Negotiation......Page 257 Towards ACL Semantics Based on Commitments and Penalties......Page 262 Computational Opinions......Page 267 A New Semantics for the FIPA Agent Communication Language Based on Social Attitudes......Page 272 Contouring of Knowledge for Intelligent Searching for Arguments......Page 277 On the Inability of Gathering by Asynchronous Mobile Robots with Initial Movements......Page 282 Testing the Limits of Emergent Behavior in MAS Using Learning of Cooperative Behavior......Page 287 Boolean Games Revisited......Page 292 An Automated Agent for Bilateral Negotiation with Bounded Rational Agents with Incomplete Information......Page 297 Self-Organizing Multiagent Approach to Optimization in Positioning Problems......Page 302 Arguing with Confidential Information......Page 307 Auction Mechanisms for Efficient Advertisement Selection on Public Displays......Page 312 Verifying Interlevel Relations Within Multi-Agent Systems......Page 317 Flexible Provisioning of Service Workflows......Page 322 Heuristic Bidding Strategies for Multiple Heterogeneous Auctions......Page 327 Are Parallel BDI Agents Really Better?......Page 332 Dynamic Control of Intention Priorities of Human-Like Agents......Page 337 Knowledge Representation and Reasoning......Page 342 Knowing Minimum/Maximum n Formulae......Page 344 Modal Logics for Communicating Rule-Based Agents......Page 349 Causation as Production......Page 354 Merging Possibilistic Networks......Page 359 Compiling Possibilistic Knowledge Bases......Page 364 Improving Bound Propagation......Page 369 Logic Programs with Multiple Chances......Page 374 Conceptual Hierarchies Matching: An Approach Based on Discovery of Implication Rules Between......Page 379 Concepts......Page 384 CTL Model Update: Semantics, Computations and Implementation......Page 389 Resolving Conflicts in Action Descriptions......Page 394 Possibilistic Influence Diagrams......Page 399 Solving Optimization Problems with DLL......Page 404 Discovering Missing Background Knowledge in Ontology Matching......Page 409 Extracting MUSes......Page 414 On Probing and Multi-Threading in Platypus......Page 419 Elaborating Domain Descriptions......Page 424 On the Logic of Theory Change: Relations Between Incision and Selection Functions......Page 429 Representing Relative Direction as a Binary Relation of Oriented Points......Page 434 Modular Equivalence for Normal Logic Programs......Page 439 Preference Representation with 3-Points Intervals......Page 444 Reference-Dependent Qualitative Models for Decision Making Under Uncertainty......Page 449 Decision with Uncertainties, Feasibilities, and Utilities: Towards a Unified Algebraic Framework......Page 454 Using Occlusion Calculi to Interpret Digital Images......Page 459 Abductive Logic Programming in the Clinical Management of HIV/AIDS......Page 464 Interleaving Belief Updating and Reasoning in Abductive Logic Programming......Page 469 Bridging the Gap Between Informal and Formal Guideline Representations......Page 474 Boolean Propagation Based on Literals for Quantified Boolean Formulae......Page 479 General Concept Inclusions in Fuzzy Description Logics......Page 484 Approximating Extended Answer Sets......Page 489 An Axiomatic Approach in Qualitative Decision Theory with Binary Possibilistic Utility......Page 494 An Efficient Upper Approximation for Conditional Preference......Page 499 A Solver for QBFs in Nonprenex Form......Page 504 Knowledge Engineering for Bayesian Networks: How Common Are Noisy-MAX Distributions in Practice?......Page 509 Machine Learning......Page 514 A Unified Model for Multilabel Classification and Ranking......Page 516 Learning by Automatic Option Discovery from Conditionally Terminating Sequences......Page 521 Least Squares SVM for Least Squares TD Learning......Page 526 Argument Based Rule Learning......Page 531 A Real Generalization of Discrete AdaBoost......Page 536 Discovery of Entailment Relations from Event Co-Occurrences......Page 543 Efficient Knowledge Acquisition for Extracting Temporal Relations......Page 548 Efficient Learning from Massive Spatial-Temporal Data Through Selective Support Vector Propagation......Page 553 Automatic Term Categorization by Extracting Knowledge from the Web......Page 558 Strategic Foresighted Learning in Competitive Multi-Agent Games......Page 563 Natural Language Processing......Page 568 MSDA: Wordsense Discrimination Using Context Vectors and Attributes......Page 570 Integrating Domain and Paradigmatic Similarity for Unsupervised Sense Tagging......Page 575 Disambiguating Personal Names on the Web Using Automatically Extracted Key Phrases......Page 580 History-Based Inside-Outside Algorithm......Page 585 Shallow Semantic Parsing Based on FrameNet, VerbNet and PropBank......Page 590 Semantic Tree Kernels to Classify Predicate Argument Structures......Page 595 Planning and Scheduling......Page 600 A Multivalued Logic Model of Planning......Page 602 Strong Cyclic Planning Under Partial Observability......Page 607 Approximation Properties of Planning Benchmarks......Page 612 Approximate Linear-Programming Algorithms for Graph-Based Markov Decision Processes......Page 617 Mean Field Approximation of the Policy Iteration Algorithm for Graph-Based Markov Decision Processes......Page 622 Unified Definition of Heuristics for Classical Planning......Page 627 PAIS......Page 632 Applying Trip@dvice Recommendation Technology to www.visiteurope.com......Page 634 Natural and Intuitive Multimodal Dialogue for In-Car Applications: The SAMMIE System......Page 639 A Client/Server User-Based Collaborative Filtering Algorithm: Model and Implementation......Page 644 Software Companion: The Mexar2 Support to Space Mission Planners......Page 649 ECUE: A Spam Filter that Uses Machine Learning to Track Concept Drift......Page 654 Knowledge-Based Recommendation: Technologies and Experiences from Projects......Page 659 Diagnosing Highly Configurable Products: Troubleshooting Support for Airbus Final Assembly Line......Page 664 Web-Based Tools for Codification with Medical Ontologies in Switzerland......Page 669 Model-Based Failure Analysis with RODON......Page 674 Perception......Page 680 Depth Ordering and Figure-Ground Segregation in Monocular Images Derived from Illusory Contour......Page 682 Perception......Page 687 Graph Neural Networks for Object Localization......Page 692 Robotics......Page 698 Situation Assessment for Sensor-Based Recovery Planning......Page 700 Learning Behaviors Models for Robot Execution Control......Page 705 Plan-Based Configuration of a Group of Robots......Page 710 Posters......Page 716 Cognitive Modeling......Page 718 Agents with Anticipatory Behaviors: To Be Cautious in a Risky Environment......Page 720 AI and Music: Toward a Taxonomy of Problem Classes......Page 722 Using Emotions for Behaviour-Selection Learning......Page 724 Constraints and Search......Page 726 Efficient Handling of Complex Local Problems in Distributed Constraint Optimization......Page 728 Visualization for Analyzing Trajectory-Based Metaheuristic Search Algorithms......Page 730 Bipolar Preference Problems......Page 732 A Connectivity Constraint Using Bridges......Page 734 Distributed AI/Agents......Page 736 Search Better and Gain More: Investigating New Graph Structures for Multi-Agent Negotiations......Page 738 An Argumentation-Based Framework for Designing Dialogue Strategies......Page 740 A Multiagent System for Scheduling Activities Onboard a Space System......Page 742 Benefits of Combinatorial Auctions with Transformability Relationships......Page 744 Count-As Conditionals, Classification and Context......Page 746 Fair Distribution of Collective Obligations......Page 748 Proactive Identification of a Physician's Information Needs......Page 750 Acyclic Argumentation: Attack = Conflict + Preference......Page 752 Semantic Knowledge Model and Architecture for Agents in Discrete Environments......Page 754 Partial Local FriendQ Multiagent Learning: Application to Team Automobile Coordination Problem......Page 756 Mutual Enrichment for Agents Through Nested Belief Change: A Semantic Approach......Page 758 Multi-Agent Least-Squares Policy Iteration......Page 760 Knowledge Representation and Reasoning......Page 762 Finding Instances of Deduction and Abduction in Clinical Experimental Transcripts......Page 764 A Semantics for Active Logic......Page 766 An Alternative Inference for Qualitative Choice Logic......Page 768 On the Existence of Answer Sets in Normal Extended Logic Programs......Page 770 Smoothed Particle Filtering for Dynamic Bayesian Networks......Page 772 Goal Revision for a Rational Agent......Page 774 A Redundancy-Based Method for Relation Instantiation from the Web......Page 776 Norms with Deadlines in Dynamic Deontic Logic......Page 778 Adaptive Multi-Agent Programming in GTGolog......Page 780 Formalizing Complex Task Libraries in Golog......Page 782 Automated Deduction for Logics of Default Reasoning......Page 784 Reasoning About Motion Patterns......Page 786 Applying OPRMs to Recursive Probability Models......Page 788 Variable Forgetting in Preference Relations over Propositional Domains......Page 790 Two Orthogonal Biases for Choosing the Intensions of Emerging Concepts in Ontology Refinement......Page 792 Computing Possible and Necessary Winners from Incomplete Partially-Ordered Preferences......Page 794 What's a Head Without a Body?......Page 796 Irrelevant Updates of Nonmonotonic Knowledge Bases......Page 798 Decision Making in Large-Scale Domains: A Case Study......Page 800 Towards a Logic of Agency and Actions with Duration......Page 802 Model Based Reasoning......Page 804 Better Debugging Through More Abstract Observations......Page 806 Logic Profiling for Multicriteria Rating on Web Pages......Page 808 An Empirical Analysis of the Complexity of Model-Based Diagnosis......Page 810 Machine Learning......Page 812 Meta-Clustering Gene Expression Data with Positive Tensor Factorizations......Page 814 Identifying Inter-Domain Similarities Through Content-Based Analysis of Hierarchical Web-Directories......Page 816 Calibrating Probability Density Forecasts with Multi-Objective Search......Page 818 Term-Weighting in Information Retrieval Using Genetic Programming: A Three Stage Process......Page 820 Adaptation Knowledge Discovery from a Case Base......Page 822 Polynomial Conditional Random Fields for Signal Processing......Page 824 Stream Clustering Based on Kernel Density Estimation......Page 826 Version Space Learning for Possibilistic Hypotheses......Page 828 Ensembles of Grafted Trees......Page 830 A Compression-Based Method for Stemmatic Analysis......Page 832 Patch Learning for Incremental Classifier Design......Page 834 Version Space Support Vector Machines......Page 836 Meta-Typicalness Approach to Reliable Classification......Page 838 Text Sampling and Re-Sampling for Imbalanced Authorship Identification Cases......Page 840 Is Web Genre Identification Feasible?......Page 842 Natural Language Processing......Page 844 Adaptive Context-Based Term (Re)Weighting: An Experiment on Single-Word Question Answering......Page 846 How to Analyze Free Text Descriptions for Recommending TV Programmes?......Page 848 Soft Uncoupling of Markov Chains for Permeable Language Distinction: A New Algorithm......Page 850 Tools for Text Mining over Biomedical Literature......Page 852 SUMMaR: Combining Linguistics and Statistics for Text Summarization......Page 854 Phonetic Spelling and Heuristic Search......Page 856 PAIS......Page 858 CBR-TM: A New Case-Based Reasoning System for Help-Desk Environments......Page 860 Verification of Medical Guidelines Using Task Execution with Background Knowledge......Page 862 Planning and Scheduling......Page 864 The Incompleteness of Planning with Volatile External Information......Page 866 Cost-Optimal Symbolic Planning with State Trajectory and Preference Constraints......Page 868 A Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving Technique for Large Markov Decision Processes......Page 870 Integrating Off-Line and On-Line Schedulers......Page 872 Environment-Driven Skeletal Plan Execution for the Medical Domain......Page 874 Time Constrained VRP: An Agent Environment-Perception Model......Page 876 Robotics/Perception......Page 878 On Packing 2D Irregular Shapes......Page 880 Aliasing Maps for Robot Global Localization......Page 882 On Interfacing with an Ubiquitous Robotic System......Page 884 Leaf Classification Using Navigation-Based Skeletons......Page 886 Author Index......Page 888

in The Summer Of 1956, John Mccarthy Organized The Famous Dartmouth Conference Which Is Now Commonly Viewed As The Founding Event For The Field Of Artificial Intelligence. During The Last 50 Years, Ai Has Seen A Tremendous Development And Is Now A Well-established Scientific Discipline All Over The World. Also In Europe Ai Is In Excellent Shape, As Witnessed By The Large Number Of High Quality Papers In This Publication. In Comparison With Ecai 2004, There's A Strong Increase In The Relative Number Of Submissions From Distributed Ai / Agents And Cognitive Modelling. Knowledge Representation & Reasoning Is Traditionally Strong In Europe And Remains The Biggest Area Of Ecai 2006. One Reason The Figures For Case-based Reasoning Are Rather Low Is That Much Of The High Quality Work In This Area Has Found Its Way Into Prestigious Applications And Is Thus Represented Under The Heading Of Pais.