Earth Observations and Geospatial Science in Service of Sustainable Development Goals : 12th International Conference of the African Association of Remote Sensing and the Environment

This book provides a unique insight into the research and recent developments undertaken among the African Remote Sensing community in regard to the environment. It includes reports of the latest research outcomes in the field of remote sensing and geospatial information technologies, analyses discussions around operational topics such as capacity building, Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), applications of advanced remote sensing technologies (LiDAR , Hyperspectral) in Africa, big data, space policy, and topics of high actually in the field of climate changes, ocean and coastal zone management, early warning systems, natural resources management or geospatial science for sustainable development goals. The book comprises the contributions of the AARSE (African Association of Remote Sensing of the Environment) international conference which is conducted biennially across Africa, alternately with the AfricaGIS conference. It is the premier forum in Africa for research on remote sensing technologies and geospatial information science, gathering leading scholars from the remote sensing and related communities. The conference is co-organised by the Arab Academy of Science and Technology, in partnership with the National Authority for Remote Sensing & Space Sciences (NARSS) of Egypte, and continues a long series of successful AARSE conferences which started in 1996, in Harare (Zimbabwe) and has been held in Abidjan (Cote D'Ivoire) in 1998, Cape Town (South Africa) in 2000, Abuja (Nigeria) in 2002, Nairobi (Kenya) in 2004, Cairo (Egypt) in 2006, Accra (Ghana) in 2008, Addis Abeba (Ethiopia) in 2010, El Jadida (Morocco) in 2012, Johannesburg (South Africa) in 2014, and in Kampala (Ouganda) in 2016. The book is mainly addressed to practitioners and experts from academia, politics and industry. Foreword 6 Message from AARSE President 8 Conference Committees 10 Contents 14 About the Editor 17 Part I: Space and Geospatial Science for Sustainable Development Goals 20 Earth Observation for Water Resource Management and Sustainable Development 21 1 Introduction 21 2 The Sentinel Satellites: A New Era in Earth Observation for Sustainable Development Monitoring 22 3 Monitoring and Assessment of Wetlands and Open Water Bodies 23 4 Agricultural Mapping and Monitoring 25 5 Challenges 29 6 Conclusions 30 References 31 River Long Profiles of Selected Third-Order Basins in Basement Complexes 32 1 Introduction 32 2 Study Area 33 3 Methodology 35 4 Results 35 4.1 River Long-Profiles of the Third-Order Basins 36 4.2 Hypsometry of the Third-Order Basins 36 5 Discussion 36 5.1 River Profiles and Basin Dissection: Implications on Process-Form Dynamics 36 6 Conclusion 40 References 41 A Remote Sensing Based Approach for Optimizing the Sampling Strategies in Crop Monitoring and Crop Yield Estimation Studies 42 1 Introduction 42 2 Study Area 43 3 Materials and Methods 43 3.1 Materials 43 3.1.1 Geospatial Data and Derived Proxies of Landscape Biodiversity 43 3.1.2 Field Surveys on Trees 45 3.2 Methods 45 3.2.1 Landscape Segmentation 45 3.2.2 Variables Computation 45 3.2.3 Unsupervised Classification of Landscape Units 46 3.2.4 Assessment of the Landscape Units Classification 46 4 Results and Discussion 46 4.1 Landscape Segmentation and Classification 46 4.2 Assessment of the Landscape Units Classification 47 4.3 Tree Species Inventory and Gradient Validation 48 5 Conclusion 51 References 52 Part II: Remote Sensing and GIS for Natural Resources Management 54 GIS Based Analysis of the Extent and Dynamic of Forest Cover Changes Between 1990-2017 Using Geospatial Techniques: In Case of... 55 1 Introduction 55 1.1 Description of the Study Area 56 2 Research Methodology 56 3 Result and Discussion 57 3.1 Land Use Land Cover Classification Scheme 57 3.2 Distribution of Land Use Land Cover in 1990, 2002 and 2017 57 4 Conclusion 63 References 63 Conflict and Agricultural Production: Using Earth Observation to Assess Productivity and Support Rehabilitation in Syria 65 1 Introduction 65 2 Methodology 66 3 Results 68 4 Conclusions 71 Morphometric Analyses of Tarhuna Drainage Basins to Accesses Groundwater Potential Using GIS Techniques 73 1 Introduction 73 2 Study Area 74 3 Soil Type and Geologic Formations of the Area 74 4 Materials and Method 74 5 Results and Discussion 74 5.1 Linear Morphometric Parameters 74 5.1.1 Stream Order (Sμ) and Stream Number (Nu) 75 5.1.2 Stream Length (Lu) 75 5.1.3 Mean Stream Length (Lu) 76 Stream Length Ratio (RL) 76 5.1.4 Length of Overland Flow (Lg) 76 Bifurcation Ratio (Rb) 76 5.2 Areal Morphometric Parameters: It Includes Some Elements as the Following 76 5.2.1 Basin Area (P) 76 5.2.2 Drainage Density (Dd) 76 5.2.3 Drainage Frequency (Fs) 76 5.2.4 Drainage Intensity (Di) 77 5.2.5 Drainage Texture (Dt) 77 5.3 Relief Morphometric Parameters 77 5.3.1 Basin Relief (H) and Relief Ratio (Rh) 77 5.3.2 Dissection Index (DI) 78 5.3.3 Basin Slope (Sb) 78 6 Total Rainfall Volume on the Catchments at the Study Area 78 6.1 Lag-Time and Time of Concentration 79 7 Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones 79 8 Conclusion 82 References 82 Change Detection in the Horticultural Region of Cape Town Using Landsat Imagery 84 1 Introduction 84 2 Main Body 86 2.1 Literature Review 86 2.2 Study Area and Datasets 87 3 Methodology 87 4 Results and Discussion 88 4.1 NDVI Index 88 4.2 Supervised Classification 88 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 89 References 90 Part III: Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Coastal Zone Management 92 Assessment of Lake Victoria ́s Trophic Status Using Satellite-Derived Secchi Disk Depth 93 1 Introduction 93 2 Materials and Methods 94 2.1 Description of Study Area 94 2.2 Data and Methodology 94 3 Results and Discussions 97 4 Conclusions and Recommendations 100 References 101 Part IV: Applications of Advanced Remote Sensing Technologies (LIDAR, Hyperspectral) in Africa 102 Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Small Scale Precision Farming in Botswana 103 1 Introduction 103 1.1 The General and Specific Objectives 104 1.2 General Background 104 2 Methodology 105 3 Description of the Study Area 107 4 Results and Discussion 108 5 Conclusion 111 References 111 Part V: Climate Changes Implications on Sustainable Development in Africa 113 Spatiotemporal Analysis of Sitatunga (Tragelaphus Spekei) Population ́s Response to Flood Variability in Northern Botswana Wetl... 114 1 Introduction 114 2 Materials and Methods 116 2.1 Description of the Study Area 116 2.2 Data Collection and Analysis 116 3 Results and Discussions 118 3.1 Sitatunga Population Trends in Relation to Changes in Inundation Levels 118 3.2 Sitatunga Habitat Range Under Present Climate 121 3.3 Policy Implications for Sustainable Management of Sitatunga 124 4 Conclusion 124 References 125 Assessment of the Impact of Deforestation on Forest Carbon Storage. A Case Study of Mabira Forest, Uganda 127 1 Introduction 127 2 Main Body 128 2.1 Description of Study Area 128 2.2 Data 129 2.3 Methodology 129 3 Results and Discussion 131 3.1 Validation of Results 134 4 Conclusions and Recommendations 136 References 136 Part VI: Space Technologies and Geospatial Sciences for Early Warning Systems 138 Analysis of the 2012 Flooding Events Downstream of Shiroro Reservoir, A Case of Gurmana Niger State, Nigeria 139 1 Introduction 139 2 Research Method and Design 140 2.1 Data and Software Used 140 2.2 Equipment ́s Used 140 3 Methodology 141 4 Results and Discussion 142 4.1 Image Analysis and Classification 142 4.2 Flood Extent of Gurmana 145 4.3 Water Shade 145 4.4 Flood Extent Map of Gurmana Town 146 4.5 Vulnerability Map of Gurmana 146 4.5.1 Slope Angle 146 4.6 Flood Vulnerability Map of Gurmana 147 4.7 Impacts of the Flood on the Life and Property of the Residents of the Study Area 150 4.8 Conclusion 150 References 150 Part VII: Big Data and Data Mining of Geospatial Data 152 Remote Sensing Analysis of the Evolution and Retreat Dynamics of the Auchi Gully, Southwestern Nigeria 153 1 Introduction 153 2 Methodology 155 2.1 Apparent Slope Length (ASL) and Gully Floor Width (GF) 155 2.2 Gully Wall Retreat (GWR) 156 2.3 Headcut Retreat (HCR) 156 2.4 Elevation 156 2.5 Precipitation 157 2.6 Geological Assessment 159 3 Results and Discussion 159 3.1 Topography 161 3.2 Precipitation 162 3.3 Land Use 162 3.4 Measured Gully Features 162 3.5 Geology 162 3.6 Gully System Dynamics 163 3.6.1 Gully Growth 163 3.6.2 Gully System Restoration 163 4 Conclusions 165 References 165 Optimizing the Selection of Spatial and Non-spatial Data for Higher Accuracy Multi-scale Classification of Urban Environments 167 1 Introduction 167 2 Data and Methodology 168 2.1 Dataset 168 2.2 Modelling the Urban Scene 168 2.3 Multi-scale Image Classification 171 3 Results 172 3.1 Segmentation 172 3.2 Classification Results 173 4 Discussion and Conclusion 174 References 174 Investigating the Potential of Common Earth Observation Satellite Imagery for Automated Multi-criteria Mapping of Urban Landsc... 176 1 Introduction 176 2 Study Area and Data Preparation 177 2.1 Study Area 177 3 Data Preparation 177 4 Image Classification Results 180 5 Conclusion 181 References 183 Integrating GIS and Remote Sensing for Suitability Assessment of Dams in Solai Nakuru: Kenya 185 1 Introduction 185 2 Methodology 186 2.1 Study Area 186 2.2 Objectives 186 2.3 Data Sources and Collection 186 2.4 Data Processing and Presentation 187 2.5 Topographical, Drainage and Climate 187 2.6 Land Use Land Cover and Demographic 188 2.7 Geological and Soil 191 2.8 Final Results 193 2.9 Discussion 193 3 Conclusions 194 Front Matter ....Pages i-xix Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Earth Observation for Water Resource Management and Sustainable Development (Mads O. Rasmussen, Radoslaw Guzinski, Christian Tøttrup, Michael Riffler, Marc Paginini, Benjamin Koetz)....Pages 3-13 River Long Profiles of Selected Third-Order Basins in Basement Complexes (Adeyemi Olusola, Olutoyin Fashae)....Pages 15-24 A Remote Sensing Based Approach for Optimizing the Sampling Strategies in Crop Monitoring and Crop Yield Estimation Studies (Babacar Ndao, Louise Leroux, Abdoul Aziz Diouf, Valerie Soti, Bienvenu Sambou)....Pages 25-36 Front Matter ....Pages 37-37 GIS Based Analysis of the Extent and Dynamic of Forest Cover Changes Between 1990–2017 Using Geospatial Techniques: In Case of Gog District, Gambella Regional State, Western Ethiopia (Obang Owar, Sintayehu Legesse, Dessalegn Obsi)....Pages 39-48 Conflict and Agricultural Production: Using Earth Observation to Assess Productivity and Support Rehabilitation in Syria (Annemarie Klaasse, Eva Haas, Remco Dost, Michael Riffler, Bekzod Shamsiev)....Pages 49-56 Morphometric Analyses of Tarhuna Drainage Basins to Accesses Groundwater Potential Using GIS Techniques (Mamdouh M. El-Hattab, Abdualaati Ahmed, Mohamed El-Raey)....Pages 57-67 Change Detection in the Horticultural Region of Cape Town Using Landsat Imagery (Kevin Musungu, Zamambo Thobeko Mkhize)....Pages 69-76 Front Matter ....Pages 77-77 Assessment of Lake Victoria’s Trophic Status Using Satellite-Derived Secchi Disk Depth (Ingrid Martha Kintu, Anthony Gidudu, Lydia Letaru)....Pages 79-87 Front Matter ....Pages 89-89 Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Small Scale Precision Farming in Botswana (Basuti Gerty Bolo, Dimane Mpoeleng, Irina Zlotnikova)....Pages 91-100 Front Matter ....Pages 101-101 Spatiotemporal Analysis of Sitatunga (Tragelaphus Spekei) Population’s Response to Flood Variability in Northern Botswana Wetlands: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation (Kelebogile B. Mfundisi)....Pages 103-115 Assessment of the Impact of Deforestation on Forest Carbon Storage. A Case Study of Mabira Forest, Uganda (Evet Naturinda, John Richard Otukei, Allan Mazimwe)....Pages 117-127 Front Matter ....Pages 129-129 Analysis of the 2012 Flooding Events Downstream of Shiroro Reservoir, A Case of Gurmana Niger State, Nigeria (Rukayyah Abubakar Bahago, Aishetu Abdulkadir, Halilu Ahmed Shaba, Abubakar Alhassan)....Pages 131-143 Front Matter ....Pages 145-145 Remote Sensing Analysis of the Evolution and Retreat Dynamics of the Auchi Gully, Southwestern Nigeria (Adeleye Yekini Biodun Anifowose)....Pages 147-160 Optimizing the Selection of Spatial and Non-spatial Data for Higher Accuracy Multi-scale Classification of Urban Environments (Guy Blanchard Ikokou, Julian Lloyd Smit)....Pages 161-169 Investigating the Potential of Common Earth Observation Satellite Imagery for Automated Multi-criteria Mapping of Urban Landscape at Municipal Level in South Africa (Guy Blanchard Ikokou, Julian Smit)....Pages 171-179 Integrating GIS and Remote Sensing for Suitability Assessment of Dams in Solai Nakuru: Kenya (Kwatsima Brian Andala, Ruth Khatioli Sirengo)....Pages 181-190 Back Matter ....Pages 191-193