Early years nutrition and healthy weight Stewart/Early years nutrition and healthy weight

Early Years Nutrition And Healthy Weight Focuses On The Early Years Of Childhood As A Key Period In Which Eating And Exercise Habits Are Formed. Combining Current Evidence With Practical Advice, An International Group Of Health Specialists Advise On The Avoidance And Management Of Childhood Obesity. They Look At Key Risk Areas Such As Early Sedentary Behaviour, Parental Influences And Underlying Medical Causes, And Also Investigate Practical Interventions Including Advice During Pregnancy, Parenting Strategies, And Prevention During Pre-school And The Early School Years. This Practical Handbook Contains Vital Information And Advice For All Nutritionists And Dietitians Working With Young Children And Families. It Will Also Be A Valuable Text For Health Visitors, Paediatricians And General Practitioners, And Students Of Nutrition And Dietetics Specialising In Paediatric Nutrition. Key Features: -only Practitioner Handbook Dedicated To The Early Years Of Childhood As The Key To Ensuring Healthy Weight In Later Life -covers Pregnancy Through To Pre-school And Early School Years Interventions -also Addresses The Social And Psychological Issues That Underpin Nutritional Problems -international Group Of Expert Authors Consider The Issue Across The Developed World -case Studies In Each Chapter Illustrate The Application Of Theory To Practice. Importance Of Good Health And Nutrition Pre And During Pregnancy / Dr. Catherine R. Hankey -- Nutrition And Health In The Early Years / Judy More -- Defining And Measuring Childhood Obesity / Prof. Charlotte M. Wright -- Early Life Risk Factors For Childhood Obesity / Prof. John J Reilly, Dr. Adrienne R Hughes -- Early Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviours / Prof. Anthony D. Okely, Dr. Xanne Janssen -- Talking About Weight With Families / Dr. Paul Chadwick, Dr. Helen Croker -- Parenting Strategies For Healthy Weight In Childhood / Prof. Clare Collins, Dr. Tracy Burrows, Kerith Duncansony -- Pre-school Interventions (prevention) / Prof. Pinki Sahota -- Contribution Of Food Provision In Primary Schools To The Prevention Of Childhood Obesity / Dr. Ethan A. Bergman -- Early Clinical Interventions And Outcomes / Prof. Louise A Baur. [edited By] Dr Laura Stewart, Joyce Thompson. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Mode Of Access: World Wide Web. Title Page 5 Copyright Page 6 Contents 9 Contributors 10 Foreword 12 Acknowledgments 14 Chapter 1 Importance of good health and nutrition before and during pregnancy 15 Introduction 15 Importance of good maternal health before and during pregnancy 15 Link between maternal diet and foetal growth 16 Micronutrients most likely to be at risk in pregnancy 17 Iron 17 Dietary approaches to managing iron status 17 How effective are iron supplements in pregnancy? 18 Iron supplementation to all ‘healthy’ pregnant women 18 Vitamin D 19 Folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects 19 Weight gain in pregnancy: what is optimal and how can this weight change be judged? 20 Why is excessive gestational weight gain a concern in pregnancy? 21 Pre-conception interventions 21 Current practice 22 Impact of pregnancy and breast feeding on energy requirements 22 Underweight and pregnancy outcome 23 How can the excessive GWG be challenged? 23 Conclusions 24 References 25 Chapter 2 Nutrition and health in the early years 28 Introduction 28 Milk feeds for infants 28 Initiating, establishing and maintaining breastfeeding 29 Responsive feeding 30 Formula milk feeding 30 Additional fluids 31 Complementary feeding 31 Age to begin complementary feed 31 Foods to offer 32 Additional fluids 33 Recommended nutrient supplementation for infants 34 Children 1–4 years of age 34 Bread, rice, potatoes, pasta and other starchy foods 34 Fruit and vegetables 34 Milk, cheese and yogurt 35 Meat, fish, eggs, nuts and pulses 35 Foods high in fat and/or sugar 36 Drinks 36 Meal pattern 36 Portion sizes 36 Snacks 36 Developmental changes in pre-school-aged children 37 Neophobia 37 Disgust and contamination fears 38 Learning to like new foods 38 Exacerbating food refusal 38 Common nutritional problems in pre-school-aged children 39 Impact of socio-economic status 39 Putting the evidence into practice 40 References 41 Further reading 43 Chapter 3 Defining and measuring childhood obesity 44 Introduction 44 Variations in growth and adiposity with age 44 How is adiposity measured in childhood? 46 Body composition measures 46 How is obesity defined? 47 What thresholds should be used? 47 What chart tools are available to assess overweight? 49 Putting the evidence into practice 50 References 52 Chapter 4 Early life risk factors for childhood obesity 54 Established early life risk factors for childhood obesity 54 Early life risk factors for obesity at age 7 years identified by ALSPAC study 54 Rapid early growth 54 Formula milk feeding in infancy 56 Television viewing 56 Lack of sleep/disrupted sleep 57 Early life risk factors for later obesity not studied in ALSPAC 57 Putting the evidence on early life risk factors for childhood obesity into practice 58 References 59 Chapter 5 Early physical activity and sedentary behaviours 60 Introduction 60 Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and health in the early years 60 Tracking of physical activity and sedentary behaviour 63 Recommendations on levels of physical activity 63 Recommendations on levels of screen-based entertainment 65 Recommendations on levels of sedentary behaviour 65 Summary of recommendations 67 Conclusion 67 Putting the evidence into practice 68 Promoting physical activity in a child care setting 68 How a health professional can advise parents about reducing screen time 68 References 69 Chapter 6 Talking about weight with families 73 Introduction 73 What makes childhood obesity a sensitive issue? 73 Perceptions of child obesity and the challenge of identification 74 The impact of screening programmes 75 General principles of handling sensitive conversations 76 Establishing lines of communication 76 Purposive use of language 76 Addressing areas of particular sensitivity in weight-related conversations 78 Addressing weight stigma and avoiding unintentional stigmatisation 78 Addressing fears associated with psychological harm 80 Beyond identification 80 References 82 Chapter 7 Parenting strategies for healthy weight in childhood 85 Introduction 85 Influence of parents on family eating styles, food and physical activity habits and sedentary behaviours 88 Parent-specific factors 88 Child-specific factors 88 Parent–child interaction 89 Parent engagement 90 References 93 Chapter 8 Pre-school prevention interventions 95 Introduction 95 Family approach 96 Availability and accessibility of food 96 Responsive feeding 97 Healthy eating 97 Energy-dense foods 98 Drinks 98 Portion sizes 99 Regular meals 99 Physical activity and sedentary behaviour 99 Obesity prevention and early years settings 100 References 102 Chapter 9 Contribution of food provision in primary schools to the prevention of childhood obesity 105 Introduction 105 The United States Department of Agriculture 105 School-feeding programmes are opportune places to address nutrition-related concerns 106 Lunches brought from home 108 Initiatives to improve the school environment 110 Healthier US Schools Challenge 110 Initiatives to improve the family and community environment: Kids Eat Right 111 Community-based programmes 112 References 112 Chapter 10 Early clinical interventions and outcomes 114 Introduction 114 Clinical assessment and outcomes 114 Clinical assessment 114 Anthropometry 115 Markers of outcome success 115 Treatment strategies 116 Overview 116 Key elements of treatment 118 Challenges in providing clinical services to obese children 121 Child protection issues and severe obesity 121 Suggested framework 122 References 124 Index 126 EULA 130 __Early Years Nutrition and Healthy Weight__ focuses on the early years of childhood as a key period in which eating and exercise habits are formed. Combining current evidence with practical advice, an international group of health specialists advise on the avoidance and management of childhood obesity. They look at key risk areas such as early sedentary behaviour, parental influences and underlying medical causes, and also investigate practical interventions including advice during pregnancy, parenting strategies, and prevention during pre-school and the early school years. This practical handbook contains vital information and advice for all nutritionists and dietitians working with young children and families. It will also be a valuable text for health visitors, paediatricians and general practitioners, and students of nutrition and dietetics specialising in paediatric nutrition. **Key features:** * Only practitioner handbook dedicated to the early years of childhood as the key to ensuring healthy weight in later life * Covers pregnancy through to pre-school and early school years interventions * Also addresses the social and psychological issues that underpin nutritional problems * International group of expert authors consider the issue across the developed world * Case studies in each chapter illustrate the application of theory to practice Illustrates the application of theory to practice by case studies --Book Jacket