Early Prevention of Adult Antisocial Behaviour (Cambridge Studies in Criminology)

This book presents a comprehensive summary of how well adult crime, antisocial behaviour and antisocial personality disorder can be prevented by interventions applied early in life. It reviews important childhood risk and protective factors for these adult outcomes and the alternative strategies of primary prevention (targeting the whole community) and secondary prevention (targeting persons identified as high risk) are discussed. The book also contains extensive information about prevention programmes in pregnancy and infancy, pre-school programmes, parent education and training programmes, and school programmes (including the prevention of bullying). There is special emphasis on preventing the intergenerational transmission of antisocial behaviour by focusing on family violence, and a special review of whether risk factors and prevention programmes have different effects for females compared to males. Cost-benefit analyses of early prevention programmes are also reviewed, leading to the conclusion that adult antisocial behaviour can be prevented both effectively and cost-efficiently. Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 3 Series-title......Page 5 Title......Page 7 Copyright......Page 8 Contents......Page 9 Figures......Page 11 Tables......Page 12 Contributors......Page 13 Preface......Page 15 1 Advancing knowledge about the early prevention of adult antisocial behaviour......Page 17 Definition of antisocial behaviour......Page 18 Measurement of antisocial behaviour......Page 19 Epidemiology......Page 20 Development......Page 21 Intragenerational continuity......Page 22 Intergenerational continuity......Page 23 Biological and individual risk factors......Page 24 Family interaction and socio-economic risk factors......Page 25 Peer, school and community risk factors......Page 26 Protective factors......Page 27 Other issues......Page 28 Pregnancy and infancy programmes......Page 29 Preschool programmes......Page 30 Parenting programmes......Page 31 Skills training......Page 32 Peer programmes......Page 33 School programmes......Page 34 Multiple component programmes......Page 35 Community programmes......Page 36 Monetary costs and benefits......Page 38 Ethical, legal and practical issues......Page 39 REFERENCES......Page 40 2 Formulating strategies for the primary prevention of adult antisocial behaviour: ‘high risk’ or ‘population’ strategies?......Page 48 Epidemiology, prevention, and crime......Page 49 Criminal careers and career criminals......Page 51 Antisocial personality disorder and the development of adult antisocial syndromes......Page 54 Community surveys of Antisocial Personality Disorder......Page 58 Prison surveys of Antisocial Personality Disorder......Page 62 Conduct disorder......Page 64 ‘High risk’ or ‘population’ strategies?......Page 68 ‘High risk’ prevention strategies......Page 69 Screening for Conduct Disorder......Page 70 ‘Population’ prevention strategy......Page 71 Applying research into risk and protective factors......Page 73 The Kauai Longitudinal Study......Page 74 The price of ignoring the population strategy: lessons from the USA......Page 78 Public policy and deurbanisation......Page 79 Income distribution or containment of the urban underclass?......Page 82 Conclusion......Page 83 REFERENCES......Page 86 3 Risk factors for adult antisocial personality......Page 95 Definition......Page 97 The unfolding of symptoms over time......Page 99 Developmental models of antisocial personality......Page 100 Developmental conceptualisations......Page 102 Which early manifestations?......Page 103 The prediction of conduct disorder......Page 107 Risk factors......Page 108 Protective factors......Page 111 The significance of comorbid conditions......Page 112 Other impairments......Page 114 Methodological shortcomings of previous research......Page 115 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 116 REFERENCES......Page 117 4 Preventing the inter-generational continuity of antisocial behaviour: implications of partner violence......Page 125 Infancy and early childhood: Young children’s conduct problems are promoted by witnessing violence between the adults in thei......Page 127 Infancy and early childhood: Adult partner who are violent toward each other are also at increased risk of abusing their.........Page 130 Middle childhood: Childhood conduct problems are strong developmental risk factor for adult partner violence......Page 132 Adolescence: Partner violence is not confined to adults; it is a feature of adolescents’ earliest intimate experiences......Page 136 REFERENCES......Page 139 Introduction......Page 146 Basic concepts, research examples, and problems......Page 148 Protective factors......Page 149 Risk factors......Page 153 Behavioural outcome......Page 156 Selected protective factors and processes......Page 159 Biological and psychophysiological factors......Page 162 Temperament characteristics/personality......Page 166 Cognitive competencies......Page 171 Attachment to reference persons......Page 173 Childrearing and educational climate......Page 175 School achievement, school bonding, and employment......Page 178 Social networks and peer groups......Page 180 Self-related cognitions, social cognitions and beliefs......Page 184 Neighbourhood and community factors......Page 187 Conclusions and perspectives......Page 193 REFERENCES......Page 196 6 Prevention during pregnancy, infancy, and the preschool years......Page 221 Prevention of delinquency......Page 225 Method......Page 227 Method......Page 235 Background......Page 236 Results......Page 237 Method......Page 238 Background......Page 239 Results......Page 240 Method......Page 242 Preventing cognitive deficits......Page 243 Method......Page 244 Background......Page 245 Results......Page 246 Preventing inadequate parenting......Page 247 Method......Page 248 Summary of results and discussion......Page 249 REFERENCES......Page 253 7 Prevention through family and parenting programmes......Page 259 Risk and protective factors......Page 260 Prevention experiments......Page 262 Combined interventions......Page 265 The United Kingdom......Page 268 Conclusions......Page 272 REFERENCES......Page 274 Prevention in the school years......Page 281 Classroom organisation, management, and instructional strategies......Page 282 School behaviour management strategies......Page 288 Special education and alternative schools......Page 289 Organisational change in schools......Page 290 School-based prevention curricula......Page 292 Conflict resolution and violence prevention curricula......Page 294 Peer mediation and counselling......Page 295 Bullying prevention......Page 296 Gang prevention programmes......Page 297 After-school recreation programmes......Page 298 Vocational training and employment......Page 299 Conclusion......Page 300 Acknowledgements......Page 301 REFERENCES......Page 302 9 Prevention of antisocial behaviour in females......Page 308 Exclusion of females from studies......Page 309 Antisocial behaviour among women......Page 310 Adult outcomes of antisocial behaviour among girls......Page 313 Can there be a unified theory of antisocial behaviour?......Page 314 A gendered approach......Page 317 Developmental-ecological model......Page 318 What about prevention?......Page 320 What are the rates and patterns of involvement among females?......Page 321 What are the predictors of female antisocial behaviour?......Page 323 Victimisation......Page 324 Are there differential prevention effects? And what works?......Page 325 REFERENCES......Page 327 Introduction......Page 334 Economic costs of crime and victimisation......Page 335 Costs of crime in the United States......Page 337 Techniques of economic analysis......Page 338 Economic analysis framework......Page 339 Review of studies......Page 340 Design and method......Page 341 Results......Page 346 Economic analysis......Page 347 Design and method......Page 348 Economic analysis......Page 349 Results......Page 350 Yale Child Welfare Research Programme......Page 351 Results......Page 352 Design and method......Page 353 Economic analysis......Page 354 Results......Page 356 Quantum Opportunities Programme......Page 357 Results......Page 358 Economic analysis......Page 359 Design and method......Page 360 Job Corps......Page 361 Economic analysis......Page 362 Summary of economic analysis findings......Page 363 Conclusions and research priorities......Page 364 REFERENCES......Page 366 Current knowledge about antisocial behaviour......Page 372 Risk and protective factors......Page 373 Early prevention......Page 374 Goals of prevention programmes......Page 375 Use of existing longitudinal studies......Page 377 High-risk longitudinal studies......Page 378 The accelerated longitudinal-experimental design......Page 379 Putting research into practice......Page 380 Conclusions......Page 382 REFERENCES......Page 383 Index......Page 385 List of figures-- List of tables-- List of contributors-- Preface-- 1. Advancing knowledge about the early prevention of adult antisocial behaviour-- David P. Farrington-- 2. Formulating strategies for the primary prevention of adult antisocial behaviour : "High risk" or "population" strategies?-- Jeremy W. Coid-- 3. Risk factors for adult antisocial personality-- Rolf Loeber, Stephanie M. Green and Benjamin B. Lahey-- 4. Preventing the intergenerational continuity of antisocial behaviour : implications of partner violence-- Terrie E. Moffitt and Avshalom Caspi-- 5. Protective factors and resilience-- Friedrich Losel and Doris Bender-- 6. Prevention during pregnancy, infancy and the preschool years-- Richard E. Tremblay and Christa Japel-- 7. Prevention through family and parenting programmes-- David Utting-- 8. Prevention in the school years-- J. David Hawkins and Todd I. Herrenkohl-- 9. Prevention of antisocial behaviour in females-- Deborah Gorman-Smith-- 10. Economic costs and benefits of primary prevention of delinquency and later offending : a review of the research-- Brandon C. Welsh-- 11. Conclusions and the way forward-- David P. Farrington and Jeremy W. Coid Advancing knowledge about the early prevention of adult antisocial behaviour / David P. Farrington Formulating strategies for the primary prevention of adult antisocial behaviour : "high risk" or "population" strategies? / Jeremy W. Coid Risk factors for adult antisocial personality / Rolf Loeber, Stephanie M. Green and Benjamin B. Lahey Preventing the integenerational continuity of antisocial behaviour : implications of partner violence / Terrie E. Moffitt and Avshalom Caspi Protective factors and resilience / Friedrich Lösel and Doris Bender Prevention during pregnancy, infancy and the preschool years / Richard E. Tremblay and Christa Japel Prevention through family and parenting programmes / David Utting Prevention in the school years / J. David Hawkins and Todd I. Herrenkohl Prevention of antisocial behaviour in females / Deborah Gorman-Smith Economic costs and benefits of primary prevention of delinquency and later offending : a review of the research / Brandon C. Welsh Conclusions and the way forward / David P. Farrington and Jeremy W. Coid.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of anti-social behavior prevention programs in pregnancy and infancy, pre-school, parent education and school programs (including the prevention of bullying). It emphasizes preventing the intergenerational transmission of antisocial behavior by focusing on family violence. It reviews whether risk factors and prevention programs have different effects on females as compared to males. Cost-benefit analyses of early prevention programs conclude that adult antisocial behavior can be counteracted effectively and cost-efficiently.

A comprehensive and up-to-date overview of prevention programmes in pregnancy, infancy, pre-school, parent education and training and school programmes. It also focuses on family violence and whether risk factors and prevention programmes have different effects for females compared to males. Cost-benefit analyses of early prevention programmes are also reviewed