Early Identification and Intervention of Suicide Risk in Chinese Young Adults

This book presents a concise introduction to the contemporary research and practice of suicide prevention, and it addresses the cognitive and neurological aspects of suicide. With the inclusion of extensive thought-provoking material, this book is of great value to clinicians, researchers, educators, students, and anyone who are broadly interested in suicide assessments and interventions. The authors' overview of different theories of suicide is also particularly useful for anyone aiming to understand and appropriately respond to the suicidal behavior of individuals, in particular, young adults and students. The erudite authors' analysis of the research topics within suicide makes this book valuable to educators, students, and researchers who care about prevention and protection from suicide. As the book addresses common issues in treating individuals at risk of suicide, this represents an essential resource for anyone working with this high-risk population. Since this substantive and authoritative book shows for the first time how innovative tools such as neuroimaging tools and mobile apps can be used in suicide intervention, this book is a useful resource for all those interested in keeping up-to-date with recent research and practice in suicide.-- Provided by publisher Preface Acknowledgments Contents About the Author 1 Introduction 1.1 Suicide Problems in Young Population in Hong Kong 1.1.1 What Is Reviewed in Suicide Notes? 1.1.2 Under-Reporting of Suicide Rates 1.1.3 Divergent Definitions of Suicide 1.2 Means of Suicide 1.3 Suicidal Thought to Behaviour 1.4 Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Suicide 1.4.1 Social-Ecological Framework for Understanding Suicidal Behaviours 1.4.2 Cognitive and Neurological Risk Factors 1.4.3 The Comorbidity of Affective Disorders and Suicidal Behaviour 1.4.4 Problems with Too Many Risk Factors Identified 1.4.5 What Protects People from the Risks of Suicide? 1.4.6 Protective Factors Highlighted by WHO (2018) 1.4.7 Strong Personal Relationships References 2 Psychological Theories and Models in Depicting Suicidal Behaviour 2.1 Suicide Pathway Model 2.1.1 Escape Theory 2.1.2 The Cry of Pain Model 2.1.3 The Schematic Appraisal Model of Suicide 2.2 How Suicidal Behaviour Is Linked to Cognitive Processing 2.2.1 The Stroop Task 2.3 How Suicidal Behaviour Is Linked to Neurobiological Development of the Brain 2.3.1 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) 2.3.2 Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2.3.3 Electroencephalogram (EEG) 2.4 Early Brain Studies Using Neuroimaging 2.4.1 Theoretical Models and Empirical Findings of Frontal Asymmetry References 3 Existing Suicide Prevention Programmes and Assessments in Hong Kong 3.1 Structure of Suicide Prevention Programs: The 3-Tier Support Model from (Education Bureau, 2018) 3.2 Universal Strategy 3.2.1 Restricting the Means for Suicide 3.3 Universal Strategy 3.3.1 Responsible Media Reporting 3.4 Universal Strategy 3.4.1 Raising Awareness About Mental Health via the Use of Social Media 3.5 Selected Strategy 3.5.1 Crisis Helplines 3.6 Selective Strategy 3.6.1 Gatekeeper Training 3.7 Selective Strategy 3.7.1 Interventions for the Vulnerable Group 3.8 Indicated Strategy 3.8.1 Follow-up and Community Support 3.9 Indicated Strategy 3.9.1 Assessment of Suicidal Behaviours by Identifying Warning Signs of Suicide Attempt 3.9.2 Concerns with the Existing Approach in Assessing Suicide Risk 3.9.3 What Can We Do While We Wait? References 4 Potentials for Using Cognitive and Neurological Measures for Characterizing Suicide Risk 4.1 Impairment of Attentional Control for Characterizing Suicide Risk 4.2 Interventions by Reverting Negative Attentional Bias 4.2.1 Attention Bias Modification that Reverts Negative Attentional Bias 4.3 Abnormal Neural Activation for Characterizing Suicide Risk 4.3.1 Setbacks of Highly Advanced Neuroimaging Tools 4.3.2 The Benefits of Using EEG to Measure Lateralized Activity 4.3.3 Medical Grade Versus Consumer EEG Systems 4.3.4 Comparison of Commercial EEG Headset 4.3.5 The Use of EEG Emotiv 4.4 Interventions by Altering Neural Activation 4.4.1 Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) 4.4.2 Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) 4.4.3 Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation References 5 Conclusions and Future Directions 5.1 Implications and Summary 5.2 Ethical Challenges and Limitations 5.3 Conclusion References