Early Global Interconnectivity across the Indian Ocean World, Volume I: Commercial Structures and Exchanges (Palgrave Series in Indian Ocean World Studies)

"This volume investigates the emergence and spread of maritime commerce and interconnectivity across the Indian Ocean World--the world's first "global economy"--from a longue durée perspective. Spanning from antiquity to the nineteenth century, these essays move beyond the usual focus on geographical sub-regions or thematic aspects to foreground inter- and trans-regional connections. Analyzing multi-lingual records and recent archaeological findings, volume I examines mercantile networks, the role of merchants, routes, and commodities, as well as diasporas and port cities"--v. 1 back cover. "This volume investigates the emergence and spread of maritime commerce and interconnectivity across the Indian Ocean World--the world's first "global economy"--from a longue durée perspective. Spanning from antiquity to the nineteenth century, these essays move beyond the usual focus on geographical sub-regions or thematic aspects to foreground inter- and trans-regional connections. Focusing on the role of religion in the expansion of commerce and exchange across the region, as well as on technology and knowledge transfer, volume II covers shipbuilding and navigation technologies, porcelain production, medicinal knowledge, and mules as a commodity and means of transportation"--v. 2 back cover. Early Global Interconnectivity across the Indian Ocean World, Volume I Preface and Acknowledgements Contents Notes on Contributors List of Figures List of Tables Chapter 1 Introduction Part I Routes and Connections Chapter 2 China’s Increasing Integration into the Indian Ocean World Until Song 宋 Times: Sea Routes, Connections, Trades Early Connections Maritime Connections During the Sui-Tang Period (C. Seventh to Early Tenth Centuries) Geographical Knowledge and Changing Visions of the Maritime Realm Maritime Diplomacy and Politics The “Bureaucratization” of Maritime Trade in the Early Song Merchant Networks Archaeological Evidence (Tang to Song) Conclusion Chapter 3 The Peak of China’s Long-Distance Maritime Connections with Western Asia During the Mongol Period: Comparison with the Pre-Mongol and Post-Mongol Periods Introduction China’s Expanded Interconnections with West Asia and the Wider World and Broadened Worldview Under the Yuan The Dramatic Increase in Government Support and Multi-Cultural Participation in Yuan Maritime Trade with Western Asia The Gradual Decline of China’s Maritime Connections to Western Asia in the Post-Yuan Era Conclusion Chapter 4 “He Did Not Kiss the Earth Between His Hands”: Arabic Sources on the Arrivals of the Zheng He Fleet in Aden and Mecca (1419–1432) The Voyages of Zheng He General Introduction The Treasure Fleet in Arabian Waters The Use of Arabic Sources Chinese Sources Related to the Voyages Benefits of Consulting Arabic Sources Overview of the Arabic Sources Dating and Course of Events The Fifth Voyage The Sixth Voyage The Seventh Voyage Commodity Exchange Commodities Brought from China to Arabia Commodities Brought from Arabia to China A State Visit in Yemen Conclusion Part II Commercial Crossroads and New Perspectives on Archaeological Evidence Chapter 5 Protohistoric and Early Historic Exchange in the Eastern Indian Ocean: A Re-evaluation of Current Paradigms Introduction The Indian Ocean The Place of Southeast Asia in the Indian Ocean Bridging the Gap: Proto-Historic and Early Historic Exchange Exchange and Interactions: Eastward and Westward Drift, Exchange or Trade? Conclusion Chapter 6 Shipwrecks in Late First Millennium Southeast Asia: Southern China’s Maritime Trade and the Emerging Role of Arab Merchants in Indian Ocean Exchange Chapter 7 Cargoes Human and Otherwise: Chinese Commerce in East African Goods During the Middle Period When, and How Direct? What, and How Direct? Who, and How Direct? Conclusion Chapter 8 Indic Mercantile Networks and the Indian Ocean World: A Millennial Overview (c. 500–1500 CE) The Period Between 500 and 800 The Period Between 800 and 1500 Part III Official and Contraband Trade in the Nineteenth Century Chapter 9 Opium in the Indian Ocean Trade in the Early Modern Period: A Commodity of Both Official and Contraband Commercial Exchange Chapter 10 Transfer of Small Arms from Great Britain to Iran (Persia) in the Nineteenth Century Introduction Case 1: Arms Supplies in the 1830s ‘Buffer State’ Policy of Great Britain and Arms Supplies to Qājār Iran in the 1820s Arms Supplies from Britain in 1835 and 1836 Characteristic Features of Arms Supplies in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century Case 2: The Supply of Martini-Peabody Rifle Cartridges in 1890 General Features of Arms Supplies Supply of Martini-Peabody Rifle Cartridges in 1890–1891 Characteristic Features of the Cartridge Supply in 1890–1891 Conclusion Chapter 11 German Merchants in the Indian Ocean World: From Early Modern Paralysis to Modern Animation Introduction The Attitudes of German States and Merchants Towards Asian and Overseas Trade During the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Hanseatic Merchants from Hamburg and Bremen Austria and Prussia The Mercantile Activities of German Merchants in Asian Ports in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Hamburg Consuls Appointed to Asian Ports (1820s–1860s) Hamburg Ships Coming into Asian Ports (1840s–1860s) Chinese Coastal Ports British India and the Dutch East Indies German and Swiss Trading Companies in Asian Ports at the Beginning of the 1860S Some Entries from Contemporary Travelogues and Reports Historical Factors that Triggered Rapid Change in the Nineteenth Century The Conclusion of Western Treaties with China After the Opium and the Arrow Wars Changes in British and Dutch Commercial Policies Other Historical Factors: Development of the “International Public Goods” Under British Hegemony Conclusion Appendix Part IV Diasporas, Trade, and Human Mobility Chapter 12 Han Chinese Representations of South Sea Merchants in Song China Chapter 13 The Chinese in the Philippine Archipelago: Global Projection of a Local Community Local, Global and Comparative Approaches Manila and the East Maritime Regional Context The Chinese Parián and the Zheng 鄭 Clan Maritime Networks Chapter 14 Port Cities in the Gulf and the Red Sea During the Long Eighteenth Century (c. 1720–c. 1840): General Characteristics and Some Comparisons with Southeast Asia Port Cities Asian Prosperity and Growth Country Trade and Empire Change or Continuity Conclusion Bibliography Name Index Place Index Subject Index Volume 1: Commercial Structures And Exchanges -- Volume 2: Exchange Of Ideas, Religions, And Technologies. Angela Schottenhammer, Editor.