E-Democracy -- Citizen Rights in the World of the New Computing Paradigms: 6th International Conference, e-Democracy 2015, Athens, Greece, December 10-11, 2015, Proceedings

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on E-Democracy, E-Democracy 2015, held in Athens, Greece, in December 2015. The 13 revised full papers presented together with 8 extended abstracts were carefully selected from 33 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on privacy in e-voting, e-polls and e-surveys; security and privacy in new computing paradigms; privacy in online social networks; e-government and e-participation; legal issues. The book also contains the extended abstracts describing progress within European research and development projects on security and privacy in the cloud; secure architectures and applications; enabling citizen-to-government communication. Preface 6 Organization 7 Contents 10 Privacy in E-Voting, E-Polls and E-Surveys 13 On the Necessity of Auditing for Election Privacy in e-Voting Systems 14 1 Introduction 14 2 Preliminaries 17 2.1 Notation 17 2.2 Threshold Public Key Encryption Schemes 17 2.3 Zero-Knowledge Proofs 18 3 A General TPKE-based e-Voting System 18 3.1 Entities of an e-Voting System 18 3.2 Description 19 4 A Man-in-the-middle Attack Against Voter Privacy 20 4.1 The System Vulnerability and Our MitM Attacks 21 4.2 Instantiation of Our MitM Attack Against Helios 23 4.3 Countermeasures 24 5 Implementation and Deployment Guidelines 25 5.1 Supporting Trustee Auditing 25 5.2 Providing Proper Instructions for the Audit-or-cast Step 25 5.3 Maintaining the Uniqueness of Ballot Trackers 25 5.4 Implementing ZK Proofs Properly 26 References 26 A Comparison of the Effects of Face-to-Face and Online Deliberation on Young Students' Attitudes About Public Opinion Polls 29 Abstract 29 1 Introduction 29 2 Effects of Face-to-Face and Online Deliberation 31 3 Research Objectives 32 4 Method 32 4.1 Procedures 32 4.2 Deliberation Topic and Experts 34 4.3 Questionnaire and Measurement of Opinions 34 4.4 Results 34 5 Conclusion 38 Acknowledgment 39 Appendix A 40 References 42 A Privacy-Friendly Method to Reward Participants of Online-Surveys 44 1 Necessity for Privacy-Friendly Prizes 44 2 Legal Requirements 45 3 Objectives and Functional Requirements 46 4 Closed User Groups 47 4.1 High-Level Description 48 4.2 Technical Description 50 5 Open User Groups 51 5.1 Introducing an Identity Provider 51 5.2 Introducing a Trustee 52 6 Further Variants 54 6.1 Solution for the Case of Low Participation 54 6.2 Solution with Winner's Anonymity 55 7 Experience with a Paper-Based Variant 55 8 Related Work 56 9 Conclusion 57 References 58 Security and Privacy in New Computing Paradigms 59 Cloud Computing Security Requirements and a Methodology for Their Auditing 60 Abstract 60 1 Introduction 60 2 Cloud Specific Security Threats 61 3 General Recommendations for the Security Policies in Saas Environments 63 4 Proposed Model-Methodology 65 5 Conclusions 70 References 70 A Method for Privacy-Preserving Context-Aware Mobile Recommendations 71 Abstract 71 1 Introduction 71 2 Factors Affecting Mobile Recommender Systems 73 2.1 Recommendation Method 73 2.2 Context 73 2.3 Privacy 73 3 Proposed Method 74 3.1 Proposed Privacy Method 74 4 Experimental Evaluation 76 4.1 Real Dataset 76 4.2 Performance Evaluation 78 5 Related Work 80 6 Conclusions and Future Work 81 References 82 Privacy in Online Social Networks 84 Privacy and Facebook Universities Students' Communities for Confessions and Secrets: The Greek Case 85 Abstract 85 1 Introduction 85 2 Related Work and Question Raised 86 3 The New Student Communities on Facebook 88 4 Methodology 89 5 Results 91 5.1 Administrators' Posts Entity Data Model 91 5.2 Users' Posts Entity Data Model 95 5.3 Other Findings and Future Research 97 6 Discussion-Conclusions 98 References 100 Tagged Data Breaches in Online Social Networks 103 Abstract 103 1 Introduction 103 2 Tagged Content Types 104 3 Privacy in Tagged Content 105 4 Scenarios 108 5 Conclusions 113 References 114 E-Government and E-Participation 115 The Role of Computer Simulation Tools in Improving the Quality of Life in Small Settlements of the Czech Republic 116 1 Introduction 116 1.1 Territorial Planning 116 1.2 Quality of Life 117 1.3 Society in the Digital Era 118 2 Hypothesis 118 3 Project 119 3.1 Explored Area 119 3.2 Used Metod and Tool 120 3.3 First Survey - Before Training 120 3.4 Training 123 3.5 Second Survey - After Training 126 3.6 Results 128 4 Conclusion 129 References 130 Citizen e-Empowerment in Greek and Czech Municipalities 131 Abstract 131 1 Introduction 131 2 Background 132 3 Citizen Web Empowerment Index 134 4 Case Studies: Municipalities in Greece and the Czech Republic 135 4.1 Greek Case Study 135 4.2 Czech Case Study 138 5 Conclusions 138 References 139 Local E-Government and E-Democracy: An Evaluation of Greek Municipalities 141 Abstract 141 1 Introduction 141 2 Issues and Challenges of E-Government Evaluation Models 142 3 Research Methodology 143 3.1 The Proposed Model 143 3.2 Testing Reliability and Assigning Weights 144 3.3 Applying the Model 145 4 Results 145 4.1 Information for Citizens Factor 146 4.2 Information for Tourists Factor 147 4.3 Information About Mayor and Council Members Factor 148 4.4 Information About Municipal Projects Factor 148 4.5 Information About Council Meetings and Decisions Factor 149 4.6 Transaction for Citizens Factor 150 4.7 Transaction for Businesses Factor 150 4.8 E-Consultation Factor 151 4.9 E-Deliberation Factor 152 4.10 E-Discourse, E-Petitions, E-Voting, and E-Polling Factors 152 4.11 Integration Factor 153 4.12 Evaluation of Greek Municipalities Across the Four Main Categories of E-Government Model 153 5 Conclusions 154 Acknowledgment 156 References 156 Smart Cross-Border e-Gov Systems and Applications 158 Abstract 158 1 Introduction 158 2 Developments on e-Authentication and e-Identification 160 2.1 STORK 2.0 Authentication Platform – Overview 160 3 Structure of Smart Cross-Border e-Gov Systems 165 4 Application Areas of Smart Cross-Border e-Gov Systems 167 5 Smart Cross Border Systems – The Way Forward 169 References 170 Legal Issues 173 How Open Data Become Proprietary in the Court of Justice of the European Union 174 Abstract 174 1 Introduction 174 2 The 96/9/EC Directive of the Protection of Databases 175 3 The 1991 US Supreme Court Decision Feist Publications v. Rural Ltd. Co 176 4 CJEU Jurisprudence of Database Protection Before 2015 176 5 The 2015 Ryanair CJEU Decision 177 6 The Sovereignty of Contract 177 7 Open Data no More 178 References 179 DNA Analysis and Criminal Proceedings: The Greek Legal Paradigm 180 Abstract 180 1 Introduction 180 2 The Standardization of Genetic Material Sampling and Analysis: Problematic Aspects with Regards to ... 183 2.1 Objective Scope of Application 184 2.2 Range of Affected People 185 2.3 Coercive DNA Sampling: A Perpetual Tug-of-War 187 3 The Broadening of Genetic Prints’ Filing: Subsisting Rule of Law Deficiencies in Art.200A (2) d, e ... 190 4 Conclusion 193 Security and Privacy in the Cloud 195 TREDISEC: Trust-Aware REliable and Distributed Information SEcurity in the Cloud 196 1 Introduction 196 2 TREDISEC Challenges 197 2.1 Data Confidentiality with Data Reduction 197 2.2 Secure Data Processing with Multi-tenancy 197 2.3 Verifiability with Data Reduction and Multi-tenancy 198 2.4 Distributed Enforcement of Access Control Policies for Multi-tenancy Settings 198 3 Conclusion 199 References 199 Towards User-Centric Management of Security and Dependability in Clouds of Clouds 201 1 Introduction 201 2 The SUPERCLOUD Project 201 3 Approach 202 4 Objectives 202 5 Architecture and Key Enabling Technologies 202 6 Expected Results 204 References 204 Cloud Security and Privacy by Design 205 1 Motivation and Objectives 205 2 Concept and Approach 206 References 208 Secure Architectures and Applications 210 Secure Hardware-Software Architectures for Robust Computing Systems 211 1 Introduction 211 2 Concept and Approach 212 References 214 TAPPS - Trusted Apps for Open Cyber-Physical Systems 215 1 Motivation and Approach 215 2 Research Challenges and Approach 217 References 218 Enabling Citizen-to-Government Communication 219 ROUTE-TO-PA H2020 Project: Raising Open and User-Friendly Transparency-Enabling Technologies for Public Administrations 220 1 Main Motivations 221 2 ROUTE-TO-PA Vision and Objectives 221 3 The Ongoing Work and Further Directions 222 References 223 On the Use of a Secure and Privacy-Aware eGovernment Infrastructure: The SPAGOS Framework 224 Abstract 224 1 The Need for Security and Privacy in eGovernment 224 2 Description of the SPAGOS Architecture 225 References 228 TRILLION: Trusted, Citizen - LEA Collaboration Over Social Networks 229 Abstract 229 1 Concept 229 2 Research Challenges and Approach 232 References 233 Author Index 234 Front Matter....Pages I-XIII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 On the Necessity of Auditing for Election Privacy in e-Voting Systems....Pages 3-17 A Comparison of the Effects of Face-to-Face and Online Deliberation on Young Students’ Attitudes About Public Opinion Polls....Pages 18-32 A Privacy-Friendly Method to Reward Participants of Online-Surveys....Pages 33-47 Front Matter....Pages 49-49 Cloud Computing Security Requirements and a Methodology for Their Auditing....Pages 51-61 A Method for Privacy-Preserving Context-Aware Mobile Recommendations....Pages 62-74 Front Matter....Pages 75-75 Privacy and Facebook Universities Students’ Communities for Confessions and Secrets: The Greek Case....Pages 77-94 Tagged Data Breaches in Online Social Networks....Pages 95-106 Front Matter....Pages 107-107 The Role of Computer Simulation Tools in Improving the Quality of Life in Small Settlements of the Czech Republic....Pages 109-123 Citizen e-Empowerment in Greek and Czech Municipalities....Pages 124-133 Local E-Government and E-Democracy: An Evaluation of Greek Municipalities....Pages 134-150 Smart Cross-Border e-Gov Systems and Applications....Pages 151-165 Front Matter....Pages 167-167 How Open Data Become Proprietary in the Court of Justice of the European Union....Pages 169-174 DNA Analysis and Criminal Proceedings: The Greek Legal Paradigm....Pages 175-189 Front Matter....Pages 191-191 TREDISEC: Trust-Aware REliable and Distributed Information SEcurity in the Cloud....Pages 193-197 Towards User-Centric Management of Security and Dependability in Clouds of Clouds....Pages 198-201 Cloud Security and Privacy by Design....Pages 202-206 Front Matter....Pages 207-207 Secure Hardware-Software Architectures for Robust Computing Systems....Pages 209-212 TAPPS - Trusted Apps for Open Cyber-Physical Systems....Pages 213-216 Front Matter....Pages 217-217 On the Use of a Secure and Privacy-Aware eGovernment Infrastructure: The SPAGOS Framework....Pages 219-222 Front Matter....Pages 223-227 TRILLION: Trusted, Citizen - LEA Collaboration Over Social Networks....Pages 217-217 Back Matter....Pages 228-232 ....Pages 233-234