[e-book - ITA] Manuali Elettrici - Fotovoltaico

Ayumi is a world-class shogi (Japanese chess) player who can’t be beaten—that is, until she loses to a powerful computer called the Shooting Star. Ayumi vows to find out everything she can about her new nemesis. Lucky for her, Yuu Kano, the genius programmer behind the Shooting Star, is willing to teach her all about the inner workings of the microprocessor—the “brain” inside all computers, phones, and gadgets. Follow along with Ayumi in The Manga Guide to Microprocessors and you’ll learn about: -How the CPU processes information and makes decision -How computers perform arithmetic operations and store information -logic gates and how they’re used in integrated circuits -the Key components of modern computers, including registers, GPUs, and RAM -Assembly language and how it differs from high-level programming languages Whether you’re a computer science student or just want to understand the power of microprocessors, you’ll find what you need to know in The Manga Guide to Microprocessors . Cover 2 Title Page 8 Copyright Page 9 Contents 10 Preface 14 Chapter 1: What Does the CPU Do? 16 Computers Can Process Any Type of Information 26 The CPU Is the Core of Each Computer 29 The Five Components of a Modern Computer 31 ALUs: The CPU’s Core 37 CPUs Process Operations and Make Decisions 40 What Is Information Anyway? 45 The Difference Between Analog and Digital Information 46 Chapter 2: Digital Operations 50 The Computer’s World Is Binary 51 The Reciprocal States of 1 and 0 52 Decimal vs. Binary Number systems 53 Expressing Numbers in Binary 55 Fixed-Point and Floating-Point Fractions 57 Addition and Subtraction in Binary 59 What Are Logical Operations? 63 Integrated Circuits Contain Logic Gates 63 The Three Basic Logic Gates: AND, OR, and NOT 66 Truth Tables and Venn Diagrams 68 A Summary of the AND, OR, and NOT Gates 70 Other Basic Gates: NAND, NOR, and XOR 72 A Summary of the NAND, NOR, and XOR Gates 73 De Morgan’s Laws 75 Circuits That Perform Arithmetic 77 The Addition Circuit 77 The Half Adder 79 The Full Adder and Ripple Carry Adder 81 The Carry Look-ahead Adder 83 Circuits That Remember 85 Circuits with Memory Are a Necessity! 85 Flip-flop: the Basics of Memory Circuits 89 The RS Flip-flop 91 The D Flip-flop and the Clock 93 The T Flip-flop and Counters 96 Modern Circuit Design: CAD and FPGA 100 Chapter 3: CPU Architecture 102 All About Memory and the CPU 103 Memory Has Assigned Addresses 104 Data Passes Through the Bus 107 Bus Width and Bits 109 R/W Signals and I/O Signals 113 Instructions Are Made of Operands and Opcodes 116 Accumulators and Other Registers Are Used in Operations 118 CPU Instruction Processing 121 Classic CPU Architecture 121 The Instruction Cycle 122 The Instruction We Process Changes Depending on the Program Counter 127 All Kinds of Memory Devices 130 A Comparison Between HDD and Memory 131 RAM Space, ROM Space, and I/O Space 134 What Are Interrupts? 137 Interrupts Are Useful 137 The Stack and the Stack Pointer 141 Interrupt Priority 143 Memory Classifications 147 I/O Ports and the GPU 147 Clock Frequency and Degrees of Accuracy 148 Clock Generators 149 Timer Interrupts 150 Reset Signals 151 CPU Performance Is Measured in FLOPS 152 Chapter 4: Operations 154 Types of Operations 155 There Are Many Types of Instructions 157 Instructions for Arithmetic and Logic Operations 159 What Are Bit Shifts? 160 The Sign Bit Lets Us Express Negative Binary Numbers 162 Logical Shifts and Arithmetic Shifts 164 Circular Shifts (Rotating Shifts) 167 Data Transfer Operations 168 Input/Output Instructions 169 Branch Instructions 170 Condition Evaluation and Status Flags 173 Putting Branches and Condition Evaluation Together 176 Operand Types 177 How Many Operands Do We Have? 177 Operands Take Many Forms 180 Immediate Value Processing 181 Address References 182 What Are Addressing Modes? 183 Addressing Mode Overview 187 The Structure of Operations in the ALU 191 A Look Inside the ALU 191 Serial Transmission and Parallel Transmission 200 An Overview of Some Basic Registers 201 An Overview of Some Basic Status Flags 202 The Sleep Instruction 203 Chapter 5: Programs 204 Assembly and High-Level Languages 205 What Are Assembly Languages? 207 c2 54 68 65 20 43 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 69 73 74 69 63 73 20 6f 66 20 41 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 79 20 4c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 73 20 61 6e 64 a0 48 69 67 68 2d 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 4c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 73 af 54 68 65 20 44 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 42 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 50 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 61 6e 64 20 53 6f 75 72 63 65 20 43 6f 64 65 ad 57 68 61 74 20 43 61 6e 20 59 6f 75 20 4d 61 6b 65 20 55 73 69 6e 67 20 43 6f 6e 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 6e 64 20 4a 75 6d 70 73 3f a4 57 68 61 74 20 53 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 57 65 20 4d 61 6b 65 20 74 68 65 20 43 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 20 44 6f 3f ad 4d 69 63 72 6f 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 6c 65 72 73 20 41 72 65 20 69 6e 20 41 6c 6c 20 4b 69 6e 64 73 20 6f 66 20 50 72 6f 64 75 63 74 73 a1 54 68 65 20 46 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 61 20 4d 69 63 72 6f 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 6c 65 72 a1 41 72 63 68 69 74 65 63 74 75 72 65 20 6f 66 20 61 20 4d 69 63 72 6f 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 6c 65 72 209 Unknown Text 214 Program Basics 215 Unknown Text 215 Unknown Text 219 Where are Programs Stored? 223 What Happens Before a Program Is Executed? 223 Chapter 6: Microcontrollers 226 What Are Microcontrollers? 227 Unknown Text 228 Unknown Text 229 Unknown Text 234 What Are DSPs? 237 DSPs and Multiplier-Accumulate Operations 239 Microcontrollers in Industrial Machines 239 Epilogue 242 Afterword 254 Index 256 Back Cover 269 Ayumi is a world-class shogi (Japanese chess) player who can’t be beaten—that is, until she loses to a powerful computer called the Shooting Star. Ayumi vows to find out everything she can about her new nemesis. Lucky for her, Yuu Kano, the genius programmer behind the Shooting Star, is willing to teach her all about the inner workings of the microprocessor—the “brain” inside all computers, phones, and gadgets. Follow along with Ayumi in __The Manga Guide to Microprocessors__and you’ll learn about:-How the CPU processes information and makes decision-How computers perform arithmetic operations and store information-logic gates and how they’re used in integrated circuits-the Key components of modern computers, including registers, GPUs, and RAM-Assembly language and how it differs from high-level programming languagesWhether you’re a computer science student or just want to understand the power of microprocessors, you’ll find what you need to know in __The Manga Guide to Microprocessors__. La 4e de couverture indique : "Ayumi is a world-class shogi (Japanese chess) player who can't be beaten--that is, until she loses to a powerful computer called the Shooting Star. Ayumi vows to find out everything she can about her new nemesis. Lucky for her, Yuu Kano, the genius programmer behind the Shooting Star, is willing to teach her all about the inner workings of the microprocessor--the "brain" inside all computers, phones, and gadgets." What Does The Cpu Do? -- Digital Operations -- Cpu Architecture -- Operations -- Programs -- Microcontrollers. Michio Shibuya, Takashi Tonagi, And Office Sawa. Originally Published In Japanese Under Title: Manga De Wakaru Cpu By Ohmsha, Limited, ℗♭2014. Cf. Copyright Page. Includes Index. "A comic guide to microprocessors, computer architecture, binary, digital operations, and basic programming"-- Provided by publisher