Dynamic Description Technology of Fractured Vuggy Carbonate Gas Reservoirs

__Dynamic Description Technology of Fractured Vuggy Carbonate Gas Reservoirs__ delivers a critical reference to reservoir and production engineers on the basic characteristics of fractured vuggy gas reservoirs, combining both static and dynamic data to improve reservoir characterization accuracy and development. Based on the full lifecycle of well testing and advanced production decline analysis, this reference also details how to apply reservoir dynamic evaluation and reserve estimation and performance forecasting. Offering one collective location for the latest research on fractured gas reservoirs, this reference also covers physical models, analysis examples, and processes, 3D numerical well test technology, and deconvolution technology of production decline analysis. Packed with many calculation examples and more than 100 case studies, this book gives engineers a strong tool to further exploit these complex assets. Cover Front-Matt_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of-Fractured-Vuggy-Carbonate- Front Matter Copyrigh_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of-Fractured-Vuggy-Carbonate-Ga Copyright Contents About-the-Aut_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of-Fractured-Vuggy-Carbona About the Author Acknowledgme_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of-Fractured-Vuggy-Carbonat Acknowledgment Introducti_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of-Fractured-Vuggy-Carbonate- Introduction Chapter-1---Typical-characteristics-o_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of Typical characteristics of fractured vuggy carbonate gas reservoirs Typical characteristics of gas reservoir geology Geological setting Disappearance of primary pores in ancient marine carbonate reservoirs-A long process from deposition to diagenesis Development of various fractures created due to multiphase tectonic movements Development of diverse karsts formed due to multiphase tectonic movements Distribution of fractured vuggy reservoirs induced by faults, fractures, and karsts Geological characteristics Types of accumulation space and the complex and diverse reasons for their formations Caves Vugs Fractures Propagation of caves, vugs, and fractures Caves Vugs Fractures Types of reservoirs by accumulation space Cave reservoirs Vuggy reservoirs Fractured-vuggy reservoirs Fractured reservoirs Strong heterogeneity of reservoirs with complex and diverse inner-structures Typical characteristics of gas reservoir development Complex flow mechanism Large difference in productivity between wells Less regularity of production performance Highly variable pressure with fluctuations Highly variable fluid properties throughout the development phase Challenges in gas reservoir description Increasing precision in reservoir description Increasing accuracy in reserves estimation Increasing accuracy in performance forecasting Designing strategies for gas reservoir dynamic description Summary Chapter-2---Introduction-to-the-dynam_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of Introduction to the dynamic description technique of gas reservoirs Dynamic description technique of gas reservoirs Status and role Methodology Wellbore node analysis Production logging analysis Wireline formation test (WFT) Well test analysis Types of well test Purpose of well test Forward and inverse problems Well test analysis methods Production data analysis Advanced production decline analysis methods Similarities and differences between advanced production decline analysis and modern well test analysis History matching analysis Single well dynamic description Gas reservoir dynamic description Dynamic monitoring of gas reservoir development Significance and role Contents and methodology Principles Purpose and contents Methodology Production data monitoring Well testing data monitoring Gradient monitoring Fluid sample monitoring Production logging data monitoring Connectivity monitoring Selection of monitoring technique Summary Chapter-3---Well-test-analysis-method_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of Well test analysis methods of fractured vuggy carbonate gas reservoirs Challenges in well test analysis Diversity of well test curve Reservoir models Pseudo-homogeneous model Dual-porosity model Fractured model Fractured-vuggy model Composite model Well test characteristics of a fractured-vuggy carbonate gas reservoir Ambiguity of interpretation results Complexity of the well test model Well test analysis method Progress of tri-porosity well test Physical model Fracture+dual-matrix model Matrix+dual-fracture model Triple-continuum model Well test model Well test type curve The multiwell well test analysis method The multiwell system in infinite homogeneous reservoirs The well test model Model solving Pressure drawdown (PDD) type curves in the case of multiwell simultaneous production Pressure buildup (PBU) type curves in the case of multiwell simultaneous shut-ins PBU type curves in the case of offset wells in production Multiwell system in infinite dual-porosity reservoirs Long-term asymptotic solutions in the case of multiwell simultaneous production PDD type curves in the case of multiwell simultaneous production Simulation example Basic data Well test analysis A field example A gas reservoir survey Production history Well test Data analysis Comparison with previous tests Discussion and conclusion The three-dimensional numerical well test analysis method Overview of the numerical well test The three-dimensional numerical well test Seismic inversion-derived attributes Building of the three-dimensional model Simulation example Discussion and conclusion Lifecycle well test analysis method Analysis process Test data evaluation Bottom hole flowing pressure conversion Analytical well test analysis Numerical well test analysis Performance forecasting Field example Superiority of lifecycle well test analysis Understanding the reservoir characteristics Identifying wellbore and formation reflections Reduce the ambiguity of reservoir evaluation Scientific performance forecasting Application of the well test analysis Reservoir performance model Reservoir performance evaluation Cave reservoir Fractured-vuggy reservoir The vuggy reservoir Comprehensive evaluation Evaluation of flow patterns Reserves estimation Deliverability evaluation Summary Chapter-4---Reserves-estimation-method_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-o Reserves estimation methods of fractured vuggy carbonate gas reservoirs Performance-based reserves estimation Definition of performance-based reserves Estimation methods of performance-based reserves Material balance method Material balance analysis of constant-volume gas reservoir Material balance analysis of water-drive gas reservoirs Material balance analysis of ultra-high pressure gas reservoirs Apparent reservoir pressure correction method Linear regression method Analytical method Material balance analysis of condensate gas reservoirs Elastic two-phase method Lifecycle well test method Advanced production decline analysis method Fetkovich method Blasingame method Agarwal-Gardner method NPI method Flowing material balance (FMB) method Mattar method Agarwal-Gardner (A-G) method Performance-based reserves (OGIP) estimation of fractured-vuggy carbonate gas reservoir Selection of estimation methods Adaptability of estimation methods Selection of optimal estimation methods Method based on lifecycle well test Method based on advanced production decline analysis Advanced production decline analysis method Basic data Data preparation Data diagnosis Model diagnosis Analysis procedure Field examples Gas well Oil well Deconvolution analysis Sensitivity analysis Basic parameters PVT Influencing factors Converted BHFP Production time Well interference Discussion Mathematical model Theoretical analysis Field example Conclusion Application of reserves estimation results Performance-based reserves or OGIP estimation Multiple reservoirs evaluation Early warning of water breakthrough Estimation of production pressure drawdown Estimation of new well reserves Recoverable reserves estimation Recoverable reserves (or ultimate recovery) estimation of single well Relationship between initial flow rate and recoverable reserves Producing reserves estimation Analysis procedure Reserves abundance Reserves abundance based on WTA Reserves abundance based on RTA Producing reserves estimation Summary Chapter-5---Performance-forecasting-me_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-o Performance forecasting method of fractured vuggy carbonate gas reservoir Overview of performance forecasting methods Performance forecasting method of single wells Material balance method Stress-sensitive gas reservoirs Deliverability evaluation method Performance forecasting method Field Example Simplification of method Performance forecasting method for low-permeability gas reservoirs Constant-rate production performance forecasting model Constant-pressure production performance forecasting model Mathematical model Model solution Decline law Example and discussion Conventional index forecasting method Comparison between the proposed method and conventional method Summary Gas reservoir with recharge capacity Material balance equation with recharge capacity Physical model Mathematical model and solution Determination of performance forecasting parameters Example and discussion Example Characteristics of p/Z curve Well performance forecasting Summary Fractured-vuggy condensate gas reservoir Deliverability evaluation Determination of the decline rate Determination of the production rate of condensate oil Determination of reservoir pressure Analysis process Example Numerical well testing method Analysis process Example Advanced production decline analysis method Unsteady flow model of fractured vertical gas wells Physical model Mathematical model Model solution Numerical advanced production decline curve and comparative analysis Comparison of calculation results Comparison of calculating speeds Simulation example Literature example Example Summary Numerical simulation method of a single well Analysis process Example Performance forecasting method of units or connected clusters Interwell connectivity analysis Numerical well testing method of clusters Example #1 Example #2 Numerical simulation method of clusters Example #1 Example #2 Summary Nomenclatu_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of-Fractured-Vuggy-Carbonate- Nomenclature Greek letter Subscripts Reference_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of-Fractured-Vuggy-Carbonate-G References Appendix-A---Unit-conversions-fr_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of-Frac Appendix A: Unit conversions from SI to other unit systems Appendix-B---Common-formu_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of-Fractured-V Appendix B: Common formulas for gas flow Common formulas Conversion of coefficients in common formulas on gas flow Coefficients in the form of ln Coefficients in the form of lg Appendix-C---Basis-for-gas-l_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of-Fracture Appendix C: Basis for gas-liquid two-phase flow Condensate gas flow Single-phase flow model Two-phase flow model Gas-water two-phase flow Single-phase flow model Two-phase flow model Index_2019_Dynamic-Description-Technology-of-Fractured-Vuggy-Carbonate-Gas-R Index A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W Back_Cover Thanks To Technology, Fractured Carbonate Gas Reservoirs Are Becoming More Discoverable, But Because These Assets Are More Complex And Diverse, There Is A High Level Of Difficulty In Understanding How To Plan Design And Performance Analysis. Dynamic Description Technology Of Fractured Vuggy Gas Reservoirs Delivers A Critical Reference To Reservoir And Production Engineers On All The Basic Characteristics Of Fractured Vuggy Gas Reservoirs And Combines Both Static And Dynamic Data To Improve The Reservoir Characterization Accuracy And Development. Based On The Full Life Cycle Of Well Testing And Advanced Production Decline Analysis, This Reference Also Details How To Apply Reservoir Dynamic Evaluation, Reserve Estimation, And Performance Forecasting. Offering One Collective Location For The Latest Research On Fractured Gas Reservoirs, The Reference Also Covers: Physical Models, Analysis Examples, And Processes 3d Numerical Well Test Analysis Technology Deconvolution Technology Of Production Decline Analysis Packed With Many Calculation Examples And More Than 100 Case Studies, Dynamic Description Technology Of Fractured Vuggy Gas Reservoirs Gives Engineers A Strong Tool To Further Exploit These Complex Assets. Gain Advanced Knowledge In Well Test And Production Decline Analysis As Well As Performance Forecasting Specific To Fractured Vuggy Carbonate Gas Reservoirs Understand The Characteristics, Advantages, Disadvantages, And Current Limitations In Technology Of Fractured Vuggy Carbonate Gas Reservoirs Bridge From Theory To Practice By Combining Static And Dynamic Data To Form More Accurate Real-world Analysis And Modelling Dynamic Description Technology of Fractured Vuggy Carbonate Gas Reservoirs delivers a critical reference to reservoir and production engineers on the basic characteristics of fractured vuggy gas reservoirs, combining both static and dynamic data to improve reservoir characterization accuracy and development. Based on the full lifecycle of well testing and advanced production decline analysis, this reference also details how to apply reservoir dynamic evaluation and reserve estimation and performance forecasting. Offering one collective location for the latest research on fractured gas reservoirs, this reference also covers physical models, analysis examples, and processes, 3D numerical well test technology, and deconvolution technology of production decline analysis. Packed with many calculation examples and more than 100 case studies, this book gives engineers a strong tool to further exploit these complex assets. Presents advanced knowledge in well test and production decline analysis, along with performance forecasting that is specific to fractured vuggy carbonate gas reservoirs Helps readers understand the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and current limitations in technology of fractured vuggy carbonate gas reservoirs Provides a bridge from theory to practice by combining static and dynamic data to form more accurate real-world analysis and modeling