Dyce, Sack, And Wensing's Textbook Of Veterinary Anatomy

"Gain the working anatomic knowledge that is crucial to your understanding of the veterinary basic sciences with Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, 5th Edition. By focusing on the essential anatomy of each species, this well-established book details information directly applicable to the care of dogs, cats, horses, cows, pigs, sheep, goats, birds, and camelids - and points out similarities and differences among species. Each chapter includes a conceptual overview that describes the structure and function of an anatomic region, and new diagrams facilitate comprehension of bodily functions."--Publisher Evolve......Page 2 Dyce, Sack and Wensing’sTextbook of VETERINARY ANATOMY......Page 3 Copyright......Page 4 Dedication......Page 5 Contributors......Page 7 Preface......Page 9 About the Author......Page 11 Sources of Non-Original Illustrations......Page 13 Contents......Page 17 ?THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY......Page 19 Study of the Live Animal......Page 21 Skin......Page 25 Fascia and Fat......Page 26 The Organization of a Long Bone......Page 29 Some Specialized Varieties of Bones......Page 32 Cartilaginous Joints......Page 33 Structure. In synovial joints the articulating bones are separated by a fluid-filled space, the joint cavity (Fig. 1.20). The bo.........Page 34 Movements. Although many joint movements appear to be complicated, they can always be resolved into simple components. Moreover,.........Page 36 Muscles......Page 37 Variations in Muscle Architecture. There is great variety in the way in which the muscle fibers are arranged within the muscle b.........Page 39 Tendons. Muscles always attach by means of connective tissue tendons. Sometimes the tendons may be so short as to create the ill.........Page 40 Muscle Actions......Page 41 Arteries......Page 42 Lymphatic Structures......Page 43 Lymph Nodes......Page 44 Peripheral Nerves......Page 45 Basic Plan and Development......Page 47 The Vertebral Column......Page 49 The Joints of the Vertebral Column......Page 54 The Ribs and Sternum......Page 56 The Joints of the Thoracic Wall......Page 57 The Pelvic Girdle......Page 58 The Joints and Ligaments of the Pelvic Girdle......Page 59 The Muscles of the Vertebral Column......Page 60 The Epaxial Muscles. Although numerous and complicated, the epaxial muscles fortunately do not require detailed description beca.........Page 61 The Hypaxial Muscles. The hypaxial muscles are flexor muscles of the neck or tail. The longus colli (Fig. 2.24/9) runs from the .........Page 62 The Muscles of the Thoracic Wall......Page 63 Functional Considerations. The form and construction of the thorax represent a compromise between the requirements of posture an.........Page 64 The Ventrolateral Group. The intrinsic musculature of the flank comprises three broad fleshy sheets superimposed on each other w.........Page 65 The Muscles of the Pelvic Outlet......Page 67 Basic Plan and Development......Page 68 The Skull of the Dog......Page 69 Some Comparative Features of the Skull......Page 75 The Trigeminal Musculature......Page 78 The Superficial Division. The muscles of the superficial division are conjectured to have their source in an ancestral deep sphi.........Page 79 The Muscles of the Ventral Part of the Neck......Page 80 Basic Plan and Development......Page 82 Pectoral Girdle......Page 85 Skeleton of the Free Appendage......Page 87 The Joints of the Forelimb......Page 91 The Superficial Layer. The superficial layer of girdle muscles consists of a cranial group (trapezius, omotransversarius, and br.........Page 93 The Deep Layer. The deep layer of girdle muscles comprises the rhomboideus dorsally, the serratus ventralis medially, and the pe.........Page 94 Muscles Acting Primarily on the Elbow Joint. There are extensor and flexor groups for the elbow joint. The extensor group, which.........Page 95 Pronator and Supinator Muscles of the Forearm. Generalized mammals possess forearm muscles that have supination or pronation as .........Page 96 The Extensor Muscles of the Carpus and Digits. Extensor muscles of the carpus and digits include digital extensor muscles in add.........Page 97 Skeleton of the Free Appendage......Page 98 The Joints of the Hindlimb......Page 101 Muscles Acting Primarily on the Hip Joint. The muscles acting at the hip are arranged topographically in gluteal, medial, deep, .........Page 103 Craniolateral Muscles of the Leg. Some of the craniolateral group only flex the hock and others flex the hock and extend the dig.........Page 107 Caudal Muscles of the Leg. The caudal muscles of the leg are the twin-bellied gastrocnemius, the soleus, and the superficial and.........Page 108 ?THE MOUTH......Page 109 The Tongue......Page 112 The Salivary Glands......Page 114 Dentition......Page 116 The Articulations of the Jaws......Page 122 ?THE MUSCLES OF MASTICATION AND THEIR ACTIONS......Page 123 ?THE PHARYNX AND SOFT PALATE......Page 124 ?THE ESOPHAGUS......Page 128 ?DEGLUTITION......Page 129 Peritoneal Structures......Page 130 Visceral Topography......Page 131 ?THE STOMACH......Page 133 ?THE SMALL INTESTINE......Page 137 The Large Intestine......Page 140 ?THE LIVER......Page 143 ?THE PANCREAS......Page 147 The Mouth......Page 149 The Caudal Part of the Foregut......Page 152 The Liver and Pancreas......Page 153 The Hindgut......Page 154 ?THE NOSE......Page 157 The Cartilages......Page 160 The Musculature......Page 162 The Cavity of the Larynx......Page 163 The Mechanism of the Larynx......Page 164 ?THE TRACHEA......Page 165 ?THE PLEURA......Page 166 ?THE LUNGS......Page 167 Development of the Urinary Organs......Page 175 Development of the Female Reproductive Organs......Page 179 The Process of Testicular Descent......Page 181 The Kidneys......Page 183 The Renal Pelvis and Ureter......Page 188 The Urinary Bladder......Page 189 The Testis......Page 191 The Deferent Duct......Page 194 The Vaginal Tunic and Spermatic Cord......Page 195 The Scrotum......Page 196 Testicular Function......Page 197 The Accessory Reproductive Glands......Page 198 The Penis and Prepuce......Page 200 Sperm Transport in the Male Tract: Erection of the Penis......Page 201 ?THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS......Page 202 The Uterine Tubes......Page 203 The Uterus......Page 204 The Vagina......Page 205 The Adnexa......Page 207 Age and Cyclic Changes......Page 210 The Course of Pregnancy......Page 212 Fetal Membranes and Placentation......Page 213 Parturition and the Puerperal Period: The Neonate......Page 218 ?THE HYPOPHYSIS......Page 221 ?THE EPIPHYSIS......Page 223 ?THE THYROID GLAND......Page 224 ?THE ADRENAL GLANDS......Page 225 7 -The Cardiovascular System......Page 228 ?THE PERICARDIUM AND THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE HEART......Page 229 The Right Atrium......Page 231 The Right Ventricle......Page 232 The Structure of the Heart......Page 234 Cardiac Vessels and Nerves......Page 236 Functional Anatomy......Page 237 The Development of the Heart......Page 238 The Arteries......Page 242 The Capillaries and Sinusoids......Page 243 Erectile Tissue......Page 244 Patterns of Arterial Distribution......Page 245 Collateral Circulation......Page 246 The Aortic Arch. The origin of the aorta is similar to that of the pulmonary trunk but is from the left ventricle. The initial p.........Page 247 The Axillary Artery. The axillary artery (Fig. 7.39/1), the magistral trunk of the forelimb, crosses the axilla to continue dist.........Page 249 The Common Carotid Artery. The common carotid arteries arise separately in the dog (Fig. 7.37/8) and by a short common (bicaroti.........Page 250 The External Iliac Artery. The principal artery of the hindlimb, the external iliac artery arises close to the termination of th.........Page 252 The Internal Iliac Artery. The internal iliac artery supplies the pelvic viscera and walls, including the overlying muscles of t.........Page 254 The Caudal Vena Cava. The caudal vena cava is formed on the roof of the abdomen, near the pelvic inlet, by the union of the righ.........Page 255 ?THE CIRCULATION IN THE FETUS AND THE CHANGES AFTER BIRTH......Page 257 ?THE ORGANIZATION OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM......Page 259 ?THE TOPOGRAPHY OF LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE......Page 260 The Lymph Nodes of the Thorax......Page 263 The Lymph Nodes of the Abdominal Viscera and Loins......Page 265 ?THE SPLEEN......Page 267 ?THE THYMUS......Page 268 ?THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 270 Stimulus-Response Function of the Nervous System......Page 275 Introductory Survey......Page 276 Development......Page 277 The Spinal Cord......Page 281 The Medulla Oblongata and Pons......Page 283 The Nuclei of the Cranial Nerves......Page 285 Other Internal Features......Page 287 The Cerebellum......Page 288 ?THE MIDBRAIN......Page 291 The Diencephalon......Page 292 The Paleopallium......Page 294 The Neopallium......Page 295 The Archipallium......Page 296 Processing of Somatic Afferent Information......Page 297 The Lemniscal System......Page 298 The Extralemniscal System......Page 300 Subconscious Proprioceptive Pathways......Page 301 The Visual Pathways......Page 302 Auditory Pathways......Page 303 Somatic Motor Pathways......Page 304 The Extrapyramidal System......Page 306 The Hypothalamus......Page 308 Visceral Afferent Pathways......Page 309 The Limbic System......Page 310 Topography......Page 311 The Meninges and Fluid Environment......Page 313 The Arterial Blood Supply......Page 316 The Venous Drainage......Page 318 ?THE OLFACTORY NERVE (I)......Page 319 The Trigeminal Nerve (V)......Page 320 The Facial Nerve (VII)......Page 322 The Vagus Nerve (X)......Page 324 The Cervical Ventral Rami......Page 326 The Brachial Plexus......Page 327 The Lumbosacral Plexus......Page 329 ?THE PERIPHERAL AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 331 The Parasympathetic System......Page 332 The Sympathetic System......Page 333 Summary of Autonomic Innervation......Page 335 The Sense Organs......Page 336 The Vascular Tunic......Page 338 The Internal Tunic......Page 340 The Refractive Media of the Eyeball......Page 342 The Orbital Fascia......Page 343 The Muscles of the Eyeball......Page 345 The Eyelids and Conjunctiva......Page 346 The Blood Supply of the Eye......Page 347 The Nerve Supply of the Eye......Page 348 The External Ear......Page 349 The Middle Ear......Page 350 Auditory Tube......Page 352 The Internal Ear......Page 353 ?THE OLFACTORY ORGAN......Page 355 ?THE GUSTATORY ORGAN......Page 356 ?PROPRIOCEPTION......Page 357 ?ENTEROCEPTION......Page 358 ?THE STRUCTURE OF SKIN......Page 359 ?HAIR......Page 361 ?FOOTPADS......Page 365 ?NAILS, CLAWS, AND HOOFS......Page 367 HORNS......Page 370 Glands of the Infraorbital Pouch (Fig. 10.24)......Page 371 Glands of the Inguinal Pouch (Fig. 10.27)......Page 372 Glands of the Anal Sacs (Fig. 10.30)......Page 373 The Mammary Glands......Page 374 ?CONFORMATION AND EXTERNAL FEATURES......Page 377 Skull......Page 379 The Nasal Cavity......Page 380 The Paranasal Sinuses......Page 383 ?THE MOUTH......Page 385 ?THE DENTITION......Page 387 ?THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT......Page 390 Zygomatic Gland......Page 391 Sublingual Gland......Page 392 ?DEGLUTITION......Page 393 ?THE LARYNX......Page 394 ?THE EYE AND ORBIT......Page 396 External Ear......Page 399 Middle and Inner Ear......Page 401 ?THE CONTENTS OF THE VISCERAL SPACE......Page 403 Medial Retropharyngeal Lymph Node......Page 406 Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes......Page 407 ?THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SEE ALSO PP. 31–36)......Page 408 Axis......Page 411 Lumbar Vertebrae......Page 412 Intervertebral Disks......Page 413 Epaxial Muscles......Page 416 Lumbar Hypaxial Muscles......Page 418 ?CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 419 ?THE THORACIC WALL AND PLEURA (SEE ALSO PP. 38-39, 45-47, AND 148-149)......Page 421 ?THE LUNGS (SEE ALSO PP. 149-156)......Page 425 ?THE MEDIASTINUM (SEE ALSO PP. 150-151)......Page 426 ?THE ESOPHAGUS, TRACHEA, AND THYMUS (SEE ALSO PP. 110-111, 147-148, AND 250-251)......Page 430 ?THE GREAT VESSELS AND NERVES WITHIN THE THORAX (SEE ALSO PP. 229-230, 232, AND 314-315)......Page 434 ?MAMMARY GLANDS......Page 436 ?THE ABDOMINAL WALL (SEE ALSO PP. 47-49)......Page 437 ?GENERAL ASPECTS OF VISCERAL TOPOGRAPHY......Page 438 ?THE SPLEEN......Page 440 ?THE STOMACH......Page 443 ?INTESTINES (SEE ALSO PP. 119–125)......Page 446 ?THE LIVER......Page 449 ?THE PANCREAS......Page 451 ?THE ADRENAL GLANDS AND KIDNEYS......Page 452 The Major Vessels......Page 453 ?LYMPHATIC STRUCTURES......Page 454 ?GENERAL ANATOMY OF THE PELVIS AND PERINEUM (see also pp. 49-50)......Page 460 ?THE RECTUM AND ANUS (SEE ALSO PP. 124 AND 125)......Page 461 The Kidneys......Page 463 The Ovaries and Uterine Tubes (see also pp. 184-186)......Page 464 The Uterus (see also pp. 186-187)......Page 466 The Vagina, Vestibule, and Vulva (see also pp. 187-189)......Page 467 Functional Changes......Page 469 The Scrotum and Testes (see also pp. 173-180)......Page 471 The Urethra and Accessory Reproductive Glands (see also pp. 180-182)......Page 472 The Penis and Prepuce (see also pp. 182-184)......Page 473 Age and Functional Changes......Page 477 ?THE ANATOMY OF ABDOMINAL AND RECTAL PALPATION......Page 480 ?THE SHOULDER REGION AND UPPER ARM (SEE ALSO PP. 68–70 AND 73–75)......Page 482 ?THE ELBOW AND FOREARM (SEE ALSO PP. 70-71, 74, AND 78-80)......Page 485 ?THE CARPUS AND FOREPAW (SEE ALSO PP. 71–75 AND 80)......Page 490 ?THE MAJOR NERVES OF THE FORELIMB......Page 494 ?THE CROUP, HIP, AND THIGH (SEE ALSO PP. 83, 85–87, AND 89.)......Page 499 ?THE STIFLE JOINT AND LEG (SEE ALSO PP. 83–85 AND 89–90.)......Page 503 ?THE HOCK AND HINDPAW (SEE ALSOPP. 85, 89–90.)......Page 506 ?THE MAJOR NERVES OF THE HINDLIMB......Page 507 ?CONFORMATION AND EXTERNALFEATURES......Page 510 Superficial Vessels......Page 514 Superficial Nerves......Page 515 The Paranasal Sinuses......Page 516 ?THE MOUTH......Page 519 The Muscles of Masticationand the Temporomandibular J......Page 524 ?THE SALIVARY GLANDS......Page 526 The Guttural Pouch......Page 529 Clinical Conditions of Guttural Pouch......Page 530 ?THE LARYNX......Page 531 ?THE EYE......Page 534 ?THE VENTRAL PART OF THE NECK......Page 535 ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURESOF THE HEAD AND NECK......Page 539 ?THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN......Page 540 ?THE VERTEBRAL CANAL......Page 542 ?THE THORACIC WALL......Page 545 ?THE LUNGS......Page 547 ?THE HEART......Page 549 Structure......Page 553 The Inguinal Canal......Page 556 ?THE STOMACH......Page 558 The Small Intestine......Page 560 The Cecum......Page 561 The Colon......Page 563 ?THE PANCREAS......Page 567 ?THE ROOF OF THE ABDOMEN......Page 569 Innervation, Vascularization, and Lymph Drainage of the Pelvic Wa......Page 570 ?THE RECTUM AND ANAL CANAL......Page 571 ?THE BLADDER AND FEMALE URETHRA......Page 573 ?THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS......Page 574 The Ovaries......Page 575 The Uterine Tubes......Page 576 The Uterus......Page 577 The Vestibule and Vulva......Page 579 Vascularization and Innervation......Page 580 The Reproductive Tract During Pregnancy......Page 581 Placentation and Prenatal Development......Page 583 The Pelvic Reproductive Organs......Page 585 The Penis and Prepuce......Page 587 ?THE ANATOMY OF RECTAL EXPLORATIO......Page 588 ?THE UDDER......Page 590 ?THE GIRDLE MUSCLES......Page 592 ?THE SHOULDER REGION AND UPPER ARM......Page 594 The Flexor Muscles......Page 598 The Extensor Muscles......Page 599 The Skeleton and Joints......Page 606 The Hoof......Page 615 ?THE PASSIVE STAY APPARATUS......Page 620 Innervation of the Forefoot......Page 628 The Gluteal Muscles......Page 630 The Caudal (Hamstring) Muscles......Page 632 The Medial Muscles......Page 633 ?THE STIFLE JOINT......Page 634 The Craniolateral Muscles......Page 639 The Caudal Muscles......Page 641 ?THE PASSIVE STAY APPARATUS......Page 643 ?VASCULARIZATION OF THE HINDLIMB......Page 645 ?THE NERVES OF THE HINDLIMB......Page 646 Conformation and External Features in Cattle......Page 650 Conformation and External Features in Sheep and Goats......Page 652 ?SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES......Page 653 ?THE MOUTH......Page 658 ?THE SALIVARY GLANDS......Page 661 ?THE PHARYNX......Page 662 ?THE EYE......Page 663 ?THE VENTRAL PART OF THE NECK......Page 664 ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURES OF THE HEAD AND NECK......Page 667 ?THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN......Page 670 ?THE VERTEBRAL CANAL......Page 673 ?THE VESSELS OF THE TAIL......Page 674 ?THE PLEURA AND THE LUNGS......Page 676 ?THE MEDIASTINUM AND ITS CONTENTS......Page 677 The Heart......Page 678 The Esophagus, Trachea, Thymus,and Vagus Nerves......Page 680 ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURES WITHIN THE THORAX......Page 681 Structure......Page 682 Innervation and Vascularization......Page 683 ?THE STOMACH......Page 685 The Rumen and Reticulum......Page 688 The Omasum......Page 693 The Abomasum......Page 694 The Omenta......Page 696 Innervation and Vascularization......Page 697 Postnatal Development......Page 698 ?THE INTESTINES......Page 699 ?THE LIVER......Page 701 ?THE KIDNEYS AND ADRENAL GLANDS......Page 702 ?THE PELVIC CAVITY......Page 704 ?THE BLADDER AND URETHRA......Page 707 The Ovary and Uterine Tube......Page 708 The Vagina......Page 710 The Vestibule and Vulva......Page 711 Vascularization......Page 712 Growth and Cyclical Changes......Page 714 Gestation and Parturition......Page 715 Some Aspects of Development......Page 718 The Pelvic Reproductive Organs......Page 721 The Penis and Prepuce......Page 722 Growth and Functional Changes......Page 723 ?THE UDDER......Page 726 ?THE ELBOW, FOREARM, AND CARPUS......Page 733 The Skeleton and Joints......Page 735 The Tendons......Page 737 ?THE HOOVES......Page 740 ?THE NERVES OF THE FORELIMB......Page 743 31 - The Hindlimb of the Ruminant......Page 747 ?THE STIFLE, LEG, AND HOCK......Page 748 ?THE BLOOD VESSELS AND LYMPHATIC STRUCTURES OF THE HINDLIMB......Page 752 ?THE NERVES OF THE HINDLIMB......Page 754 ?CONFORMATION AND SUPERFICIAL FEATURES......Page 757 ?THE MOUTH AND DENTITION......Page 759 ?THE PHARYNX......Page 762 ?THE VENTRAL ASPECT OF THE NECK......Page 763 ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURESOF THE HEAD AND NECK......Page 764 ?THE THORAX......Page 766 ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURESOF THE THORAX......Page 767 THE ABDOMINAL WALL......Page 770 The Stomach......Page 771 The Large Intestine......Page 773 The Kidneys......Page 774 ?THE LYMPHATIC STRUCTURESOF THE ABDOMEN......Page 776 The Uterus......Page 779 Functional Aspects......Page 780 Functional Aspects......Page 783 ?THE ANATOMY OF RECTAL EXPLORATION......Page 785 ?THE HINDLIMB......Page 786 The Stifle Joint......Page 787 The Hock Joint......Page 788 ?External Features and Integument......Page 789 The Feathers......Page 792 The Skull......Page 794 The Axial Skeleton......Page 795 The Forelimb......Page 796 The Hindlimb......Page 797 The Oropharynx......Page 798 The Stomach......Page 799 The Intestines......Page 801 The Liver and Pancreas......Page 802 ?THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM......Page 803 The Larynx, Trachea, and Syrinx......Page 804 The Lungs......Page 805 The Testis......Page 809 The Cloaca and Phallus......Page 810 The Oviduct......Page 811 ?THE BODY CAVITY......Page 813 The Veins......Page 814 The Lymphatic Structures......Page 815 The Eye......Page 816 The Ear......Page 817 38 - The Clinical Anatomy of Llamas and Alpacas......Page 818 EXTERNAL FEATURES AND INTEGUMENT......Page 820 SKULL......Page 821 Oral Cavity......Page 823 Upper Airway......Page 826 Eye......Page 827 NECK AND TRUNK......Page 829 THORAX......Page 830 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM......Page 831 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM......Page 834 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM......Page 836 Placenta......Page 837 PELVIC LIMB......Page 839 THORACIC LIMB......Page 842 NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 845 MISCELLANEOUS CLINICAL NOTES......Page 847 BEHAVIORAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 848 A......Page 851 C......Page 853 D......Page 855 F......Page 856 G......Page 857 H......Page 858 L......Page 859 M......Page 861 N......Page 863 P......Page 865 R......Page 867 S......Page 868 T......Page 869 U......Page 870 V......Page 871 Z......Page 872 Part 1: General Anatomy 1. Some Basic Facts and Concepts 2. The Locomotor Apparatus 3. The Digestive Apparatus 4. The Respiratory Apparatus 5. The Urogenital Apparatus 6. The Endocrine Glands 7. The Cardiovascular System 8. The Nervous System 9. The Sense Organs 10. The Common Integument Part 2: Dogs and Cats 11. The Head and Ventral Neck of the Dog and Cat 12. The Neck, Back, and Vertebral Column of the Dog and Cat 13. The Thorax of the Dog and Cat 14. The Abdomen of the Dog and Cat 15. The Pelvis and Reproductive Organs of the Dog and Cat 16. The Forelimb of the Dog and Cat 17. The Hindlimb of the Dog and Cat Part 3: Horses 18. The Head and Ventral Neck of the Horse 19. The Neck, Back and Vertebral Column of the Horse 20. The Thorax of the Horse 21. The Abdomen of the Horse 22. The Pelvis and Reproductive Organs of the Horse 23. The Forelimb of the Horse 24. The Hindlimb of the Horse Part 4: Ruminants 25. The Head and Ventral Neck of the Ruminant 26. The Neck, Back, and Vertebral Column of the Ruminant 27. The Thorax of the Ruminant 28. The Abdomen of the Ruminant 29. The Pelvis and Reproductive Organs of the Ruminant 30. The Forelimb of the Ruminant 31. The Hindlimb of the Ruminant Part 5: Pigs 32. The Head and Neck of the Pig 33. The Vertebral Column, Back, and Thorax of the Pig 34. The Abdomen of the Pig 35. The Pelvis and Reproductive Organs of the Pig 36. The Limbs of the Pig Part 6: Birds and Camelids 37. Anatomy of the Bird 38. Clinical Anatomy of Llamas and Alpacas