Durability of Disease Resistance (Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture, 18)

From February 24 -28, 1992 an international symposium on Durability of Disease Resistance was held at the International Agricultural Centre in Wageningen, the Netherlands. The symposium, organized by the Department of Plant Breeding of Wageningen Agricultural University and the Centre for Plant Breeding and Repro­ duction Research, CPRO-DLO, was part of the DGIS funded programme Durable Resistance in Developing Countries. Without any form of prevention or protection nearly all crops will be seriously or even severely damaged by a range of pathogens. In modern agriculture man has been able to control many if not most pathogens using i) pesticides, ii) phyto­ sanitary methods such as control of seed and plant material in order to start a crop disease free, iii) agronomic measures such as crop rotation, iv) disease resis­ tance or combinations of these measures. Over the years the use of pesticides has increased enormously and so did the pro­ blems associated with pesticide use, such as environmental pollution and building of resistance and tolerance to these pesticides in the pathogens. The use of resis­ tance too increased strongly over the years and here too problems arose. Front Matter....Pages i-2 Front Matter....Pages 3-3 Economic Importance of Breeding for Disease Resistance....Pages 5-9 The Partial Past....Pages 11-22 What is Durable Resistance, A General Outline....Pages 23-39 Genetic Variation in Pathogen Populations and its Implications for Adaptation to Host Resistance....Pages 41-56 Is Durable Resistance Against Fungi Attainable Through Biotechnological Procedures?....Pages 57-70 Is Durable Resistance Against Viruses and Bacteria Attainable Via Biotechnology?....Pages 71-81 Can the Strategic Use of Disease Resistant Hosts Protect Their Inherent Durability?....Pages 83-96 Front Matter....Pages 97-97 Durable Resistance in the Pathosystems: Maize -Northern and Southern Leaf Blights....Pages 99-114 Durable Resistance of Potatoes Against Phytophthora Infestans....Pages 115-124 Durable Resistance to Rice Blast Disease....Pages 125-134 Durable Resistance in the Pathosystem: Wheat — Stripe Rust....Pages 135-145 Origin and Utilization of Rust Resistance in Groundnut....Pages 147-158 Durability of Resistance in the Pathosystem: Barley-Powdery Mildew....Pages 159-176 Front Matter....Pages 177-177 Breeding for Partial Resistance in Wheat to Stripe Rust....Pages 179-183 Is Partial Resistance a Suitable Approach to Obtain Durable Resistance in Wheat to Stripe Rust?....Pages 185-189 Breeding and Selection of Bread Wheat for Resistance to Septoria Tritici....Pages 191-194 Selection for Partial Resistance in Rice to Rice Blast....Pages 195-199 Selection for Partial Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Rice....Pages 201-205 Resistance in Groundnut to Peanut Bud Necrosis Virus....Pages 207-210 Non-Specific Resistance to Bean Rust and its Association with Leaf Pubescence....Pages 213-214 Front Matter....Pages 177-177 Field Breeding for Durable Rice Blast Resistance in the Presence of Diverse Pathogen Populations....Pages 215-218 RFLP Mapping of Genes Conferring Complete and Partial Resistance in a Rice Cultivar with Durable Resistance to Blast....Pages 219-225 Durable Resistance in Maize — A Case Study from India....Pages 227-229 Evidence for Race-Non-Specific Resistance and Transgressive Segregation to Net Blotch in Barley....Pages 231-234 Leaf Rust Resistance in Wheat....Pages 235-237 Front Matter....Pages 239-239 Experiences, Difficulties and Prospects of Disease Resistance Breeding in Chickpea....Pages 241-248 Experiences, Difficulties and Prospects for Durable Disease Resistance Breeding in Potatoes....Pages 249-257 Breeding for Durable Resistance to Diseases in Wheat: An International Perspective....Pages 259-272 Experiences, Difficulties and Prospects in Wheat for Disease Resistance Breeding in Western Europe....Pages 273-280 Front Matter....Pages 281-281 Durability of Disease Resistance in Crops: Some Closing Remarks About the Topic and the Symposium....Pages 283-300 Front Matter....Pages 301-301 Identification of Rice Cultivars With Durable Blast Resistance in International Screening Tests....Pages 303-303 Inheritance and Level of Resistance to Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera Pallida), Derived from Solanum Tuberosum SSP. Andigena CPC 1673....Pages 304-304 Pathogenicity and Resistance Patterns in X Triticosecale — Septoria SPP. and Triticum Aestivum L. — Septoria SPP. Systems....Pages 305-305 Partial Resistance of Barley to Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei)....Pages 306-306 Durability of Wheat Disease Resistance in Czechoslovakia....Pages 307-307 Relationship Between Parasitic and Saprophytic Fitness in Cochliobolus Heterostrophus, Cause of Southern Leaf Blight of Maize....Pages 308-308 Breeding for Durable Resistance to Red Band Needle Blight Caused by Dothistroma Pini Assuming Quantitative Inheritance....Pages 309-309 Variability in the Sorghum Anthracnose Fungus Colletotrichum Graminicola in Brazil and USA....Pages 310-310 Histological and Ultrastructural Study of the Interaction Malus — Venturia Inaequalis in the Case of Hypersensitivity Overcome by a New Race....Pages 311-311 Resistance to Potato Late Blight ( Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary) in Wild Solanum Species....Pages 312-312 Front Matter....Pages 301-301 Bobwhite’s’ Germplasm Selection Pressure Upon Septoria Tritici Pathogenicity....Pages 313-313 Field Testing Methods for Durable Resistance in Wheat to Stem Rust....Pages 314-314 A Study of the Durable Resistance to Rice Blast (Pyricularia Oryzae) Under Egyptian Conditions....Pages 315-315 Expression and Genetic Background of Durable Resistance to Coffee Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix)....Pages 316-316 Inheritance of Cytoplasmic Resistance of Wheat to Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis West)....Pages 317-317 Disease Resistance in Sorghum....Pages 318-318 Resistance Evaluation of Cultivars and Advanced Lines to Barley Leaf Stripe Disease Caused by Pyrenophora Graminea in Northern Iran....Pages 319-319 Assessment of Durability of Seven, Earlier Reported as Partially Leaf Rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici) Resistant Spring Wheat Cultivars....Pages 320-320 Selecting for Partial Resistance to Rice Blast in Brazilian Upland RICE....Pages 321-321 Brasilian Upland Rice Cultivars Selected for Complete Resistance Maintain Higher Level of Field Resistance than Those Selected for Partial Resistance....Pages 322-322 Localisation of Extensin-Like Epitopes in Various Plant (Monocot)-Fungi-Interactions....Pages 323-323 Localisation of Polygenes for Partial Resistance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Barley Leaf Rust (Puccinia hordei) With Rflp Markers....Pages 324-324 Observed and Predicted Changes in Virulence Gene Frequencies in a Local Population of Barley Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei)....Pages 325-325 Selection of Races of Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp hordei Marchal) In Pure and Mixed Stands of Three Spring Barley Cultivars....Pages 326-326 Resistant Cultivars of Apricot to Bacterial Canker (Pseudomonas Syringae pv. syringae) in Mashhad....Pages 327-327 A Project to Transfer Durable Resistance to Stripe (Yellow) Rust from European to Indian Bread Wheats....Pages 328-328 General Resistance Breeding for Stresses in Maize in Tropics....Pages 329-329 Resistance Gene Combinations that Condition Enhanced Resistance to Puccinia Recondita, Leaf Rust of Wheat....Pages 330-330 Wheat Breeding for Resistance to Leptosphaeria Nodorum, The Cause of Septoria Nodorum Blotch in Croatia....Pages 331-331 Durability of Resistance to Puccinia Striiformis in North American Wheat Cultivars....Pages 332-332 Front Matter....Pages 301-301 Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Foot Rot Resistance in RYE (Secale cereale)....Pages 333-334 Durability of SCAB (Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum) Resistance in Wheat....Pages 335-335 Durability of Resistance in Induced Mutants....Pages 336-336 Adult Plant and Partial Resistance of Wheat As Kinds of Durable Resistance to Rusts....Pages 337-337 Durable Resistance to Leaf Rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici) and Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici) in Italian Durum Wheat Cultivars....Pages 338-338 Variability in Pathogenicity of Poplar Rusts (Melampsora spp.) and the Selection for Durable Resistance in Cultivated Poplar Clones....Pages 339-339 Characterization of Non Host Resistance to Lettuce Downy Mildew (Bremia lactucae) in Lactuca Saligna....Pages 340-340 A Computer Program for Storing and Analyzing Qualitative Disease Observations of Leaf Blast (Magnaporthe grisea) on RICE....Pages 341-341 Low Appressorium Formation by Rust Fungi on Genotypes of Hordeum Chilense....Pages 342-342 Durable Resistance in Wheat to the Tan Spot Fungus (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis)....Pages 343-343 Durable Control of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) in North American Spring Wheat....Pages 344-344 Field Studies on the Inheritance of Partial Resistance to Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. secalis) in Rye....Pages 345-346 Tolerance, Resistance to Multiplication and Immunity to Tomato Yellow Top Virus and Potato Leafroll Virus in Lycopersicon Peruvianum and of Its Tomato Hybrid Progenies....Pages 347-347 Inhibition of Deoxynivalenol Translocation and Fungal Colonization in Fusarium Head Blight Resistant Wheat....Pages 348-348 Downy Mildew, (Peronospora viciae), on Peas....Pages 349-349 Durability of Resistance to Viruses in the Potato....Pages 350-350 Breeding Rice Cultivars Resistant to Bacterial Leaf Blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae) in Vietnam....Pages 351-351 Screening Techniques for Detection of Resistance to Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora Spp. In Horticultural Crops....Pages 352-352 Resistance to Snow Mold Fungi (Microdochium nivale and Typhula ishikariensis) in Grasses and Cereals....Pages 353-353 Durability and Stability of Resistance of wheat to Septoria Nodorum (Glume Blotch) as Assessed by Means of Disease Progress on Flag Leaves....Pages 354-354 Front Matter....Pages 301-301 Recurrent Selection for Downy Mildew (Sclerospora Graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet.) Resistance in Pearl Millet....Pages 355-355 Assessment of the Durability of Partial Resistance in the Rye/Powdery Mildew Pathosystem....Pages 356-357 Inheritance of Resistance to Wheat Leaf Rust (Puccinia Recondita) in four Accessions of Diploid Wheat....Pages 358-358 Back Matter....Pages 359-375 This volume contains the proceedings of the international symposium on the durability of disease resistance in plants. Durability of resistance in plants is a highly desired quality influenced, among other things, by the adaptability of the pathogen populations, cultivation methods, phytosanitation and the kind of resistance used. The chapters cover a wide variety of subjects, ranging from the analysis of some of the world's most important pathosystems; the genetic variation in pathogen populations and the variation in the hosts; the present efforts at breeding durable resistance, viewed from both the biotechnological and the classical approaches, is also covered. This volume provides an opportunity for all those scientists, breeders and pathologists who are interested in the durability of disease resistance to obtain an insight into the research that is currently going on world-wide