Drug Treatment Systems in an International Perspective : Drugs, Demons, and Delinquents

In the last 10 years, many countries have seen a rapid expansion in their specific drug treatment services. This book describes the ways in which 20 different countries worldwide have chosen to cope with the spread of illicit drugs and the expansion of services. Contributors from a range of disciplines including sociology, psychology, anthropology, political science, psychoanalysis and criminology present results which provide access to information on drug treatment in these countries, and investigate the cultural and societal context in which drug treatment developed. The book also compares each of the 20 countries on the themes of: women and treatment; financing treatment; and the relationship between alcohol and drug treatment. The First Volume To Provide Access To Information On Drug Treatment Systems From A Wide Cross-section Of 20 Countries, Drug Treatment Systems In An International Perspective Examines The Ways In Which Other Countries From Around The World Have Chosen To Cope With The Spread Of Illicit Drugs. Now Health Planners And Administrators, Treatment Professionals, Researchers, And Students Can Place The Development Of Their Own Treatment Systems In A Wider Context And Can Examine The Extent To Which That Development Shares Common Structural Features With Those Of Other Countries And Cultures. Following A Comparative Discussion Of The Various Countries, The Volume Addresses Three Key Issues: Financing And Managing Drug Treatment, Gender Issues, And The Relationship Between Alcohol And Drug Treatment. Part 1 Drug Prohibition And The Abstinence Paradigm -- Chap. 1 The Drug Treatment System In The United States : A Panacea For The Drug War / Geoffrey Hunt And Anna Xiao Dong Sun -- Chap. 2 The Treatment Of Drug-related Problems In Canada : Controlling Caring And Curing / Alan C. Ogborne [and Others] -- Chap. 3 Expansion And Implosion : The Story Of Drug Treatment In Sweden / Anders Bergmark -- Chap. 4 Finland : Drug Treatment At The Margins / Aarne Kinnunen And Juhani Lehto -- Chap. 5 Comment On Part 1 : Thunder And Silence Indrug Treatment : Four Nations In Moral Concert / Judith C. Barker -- Part 2 The Experimental Countries -- Chap. 6 The English Drug Treatment System : Experimentation Or Pragmatism / Susanne Macgregor And Lynne Smith -- Chap. 7 Integrating Care Cure And Control : The Drug Treatment System In The Netherlands / Jack T.m. Derks, [et Al.] -- Chap. 8 Harm Reduction And Abstinence : Swiss Drug Policy At A Time Of Transition / Harald Klingemann -- Chap. 9 Comment On Part 2 : Tailoring Drug Treatment To Changing Times / Gabriele Bammer. Part 3 Social Change And Drug Treatment In Central Europe And Russia -- Chap. 10 The Drug Treatment System In Russia : Past And Present, Problems And Prospects / Yakov Gilinskiy And Vladimir Zobnev -- Chap. 11 Theapeutic Communities As A Major Response To Drug Abuse In Poland / Grazyna Swiatkiewicz [and Others] -- Chap. 12 Drug Users As Scapegoats In Hungary / Zsuzsanna Elekes, [et Al.] -- Chap. 13 Comment On Part 3 : From Ideology To Social Reality : Drug Use In Postcommunist Society -- Part 4 From Moral Crudades To Cost-efficient Pragmatism -- Chap. 14 Illicit Drugs In Germany And The Emergence Of The Modern Drug Treatment System / Irmgard Vogt And Martin Schmid -- Chap. 15 The Development Of Drug Treatment In The Shadow Of The Narcotic Law : The Case Of Austria / Irmgard Eisenbach-stangl And Wilhelm Burian -- Chapter 16 Comment On Part 4: German Rechthaberei And Its Contribution To A Modern Drug Abuse Treatment System / Gerhard Buhringer. Part 5 The Latin American Connection -- Chap. 17 Drug Consumption And Drug Treatment In A Drug-producing Country: Colombia Between Myth And Reality-a View From The Inside / Augusto Perez-gomez -- Chap. 18 Who Is To Blame? The Discovery Of Domestic Drug Problems And The Quest For Recognition Of Therapeutic Communities In Peru / Antonio Lara-ponce -- Chap. 19 Comment On Part 5: Drug Policies And Tradition: Implications For The Care Of Addictive Disorders In Two Andean Countries / Enrique Madrigal -- Part 6 Wine And Illicit Drugs -- Chap. 20 A System At Its Starting Blocks: Drug Treatment In France / Philippe Mosse -- Chap. 21 The Spread Of Aids And Drug Treatment In Spain / Juan-luis Recio Adrados -- Chap. 22 Building A Drug Treatment System In Postrevolutionary Portugal / Jose Manuel Gaspar De Almeida And Rose Encarnacao -- Chap. 23 Legal Changes, Political Pressure, And Drug Treatment In Italy: From A Hard-line Approach To Decriminalization / Luigi M. Solivetti -- Chap. 24 Comment On Part 6: Dionysus Is Back / Kaj Noschis. Part 7: Economic Revolution And Cultural Transformation In The Far East -- Chap. 25 Societal Control And The Model Of Legal Drug Treatment: A Japanese Success Story? / Kyohei Konuma, Shinji Shimizu, And Takeshi Koyanagi -- Chap. 26 Drug Treatment And Public Security In The People's Republic Of China / Wang Zhenguam, Gerald Beroud, Cheng Maojin, And Chen Shirong -- Chap. 27 Comment On Part 7: From The Opium Wars To Strict Drug Policies In East Asia / Michael S. Vaughn -- Part 8: Gender, Finance, And System Integration: Findings From 20 Countries -- Chap. 28 Equal Access With Optimum Costs: Issues Of Financing And Managing Drug Treatment / Juhani Lehto -- Chap. 29 Gender And Drug Treatment Systems / Irmgard Vogt -- Chap. 30 The Relationship Between Alcohol And Drug Treatment Systems / Anders Bergmark. Editors Harald Klingemann, Geoffrey Hunt. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover 1 Contents 6 Acknowledgments 10 Introduction 12 Part I - Drug Prohibition and the Abstinence Paradigm 22 Chapter 1 - The Drug Treatment System in the United States: A Panacea for the Drug War? 24 Chapter 2 - The Treatment of Drug-Related Problems in Canada: Controlling, Caring, and Curing 41 Chapter 3 - Expansion and Implosion: The Story of Drug Treatment in Sweden 54 Chapter 4 - Finland: Drug Treatment at the Margins 69 Chapter 5 - Comment on Part 1: Thunder and Silence in Drug Treatment: Four Nations in Moral Concert 82 Part II - The Experimental Countries 88 Chapter 6 - The English Drug Treatment System: Experimentation or Pragmatism? 90 Chapter 7 - Integrating Care, Cure, and Control: The Drug Treatment System in the Netherlands 102 Chapter 8 - Harm Reduction and Abstinence: Swiss Drug Policy at a Time of Transition 115 Chapter 9 - Comment on Part 2: Tailoring Drug Treatment to Changing Times 133 Part III - Social Change and Drug Treatment in Central Europe and Russia 136 Chapter 10 - The Drug Treatment System in Russia: Past and Present, Problems and Prospects 138 Chapter 11 - Therapeutic Communities as a Major Response to Drug Abuse in Poland 145 Chapter 12 - Drug Users as Scapegoats in Hungary? 154 Chapter 13 - Comment on Part 3: From Ideology to Social Reality: Drug Use in Postcommunist Society 160 Part IV - From Moral Crusades to Cost-Efficient Pragmatism 164 Chapter 14 - Illicit Drugs in Germany and the Emergence of the Modern Drug Treatment System 166 Chapter 15 - The Development of Drug Treatment in the Shadow of the Narcotic Law: The Case of Austria 179 Chapter 16 - Comment on Part 4: German Rechthaberei and its Contribution to a Modern Drug Abuse Treatment System 189 Part V - The Latin American Connection 192 Chapter 17 - Drug Consumption and Drug Treatment in a Drug-Producing Country: Colombia between Myth and Reality — A View from the Inside 194 Chapter 18 - Who is to Blame? The Discovery of Domestic Drug Problems and the Quest for Recognition of Therapeutic Communities in Peru 203 Chapter 19 - Comment on Part 5: Drug Policies and Tradition: Implications for the Care of Addictive Disorders in Two Andean Countries 216 Part VI - Wine and Illicit Drugs 220 Chapter 20 - A System at Its Starting Blocks: Drug Treatment in France 222 Chapter 21 - The Spread of AIDS and Drug Treatment in Spain 231 Chapter 22 - Building a Drug Treatment System in Postrevolutionary Portugal 238 Chapter 23 - Legal Changes, Political Pressure, and Drug Treatment in Italy: From a Hard-Line Approach to Decriminalization 244 Chapter 24 - Comment on Part 6: Dionysus is Back 255 Part VII - Economic Revolution and Cultural Transformation in the Far East 258 Chapter 25 - Societal Control and the Model of Legal Drug Treatment: A Japanese Success Story? 260 Chapter 26 - Drug Treatment and Public Security in the People's Republic of China 274 Chapter 27 - Comment on Part 7: From the Opium Wars to Strict Drug Policies in East Asia 284 Part VIII - Gender, Finance, and System Integration: Findings from 20 Countries 288 Chapter 28 - Equal Access with Optimum Costs: Issues of Financing and Managing Drug Treatment 290 Chapter 29 - Gender and Drug Treatment Systems 302 Chapter 30 - The Relationship between Alcohol and Drug Treatment Systems 319 Appendix: Summary Table 329 Glossary 330 Index 336 About the Editors 350 About the Contributors 352 The first volume to provide access to information on drug treatment systems from a wide cross-section of 20 countries, Drug Treatment Systems in an International Perspective examines the ways in which other counties from around the world have chosen to cope with the spread of illicit drugs. Now health planners and administrators, treatment professionals, researchers, and students can place the development of their own treatment systems in a wider context and can examine the extent to which that development shares common structural features with those of other countries and cultures. Following a comparative discussion of the various countries, the volume addresses four key issues: gender specific treatment, the politics of financing and evaluation, the private sector and state control, and exporting drug treatment ideologies. It provides a comparative and cross-cultural perspective on drug treatment approaches today and examines the influence of social, political, and economic forces on the treatment of drug addicts. In addition, the editors have included a handy glossary, which explains key terms unfamiliar to readers outside the particular country. Providing and interdisciplinary and cross-cultural perspective to drug treatment, Drug Treatment Systems in an International Perspective will be of interest academics, students, and professionals in psychology, especially those focusing on clinical psychology, addiction, dependency, and treatment. It will also be of great interest to public health planners and administrators.