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For several consecutive years, Rust has been voted "most loved programming language" in Stack Overflow's annual developer survey. This open source systems programming language is now used for everything from game engines and operating systems to browser components and virtual reality simulation engines. But Rust is also an incredibly complex language with a notoriously difficult learning curve.Rather than focus on the language as a whole, this guide teaches Rust using a single small, complete, focused program in each chapter. Author Ken Youens-Clark shows you how to start, write, and test each of these programs to create a finished product. You'll learn how to handle errors in Rust, read and write files, and use regular expressions, Rust types, structs, and more.Discover how to:• Use Rust's standard libraries and data types such as strings, vectors, dictionaries, and sets to create systems programs• Write and test Rust programs and functions• Read and write files, including stdin, stdout, and stderr• Document and validate command-line arguments• Write programs that fail gracefully• Parse raw and delimited text• Use and control randomnessThis book is a great way to practice writing Rust in real-world scenarios. Ken has laid out a path to build your skills in testing, using crates, and solving common problems. -- Carol Nichols, Cofounder, Integer 32, co-author of The Rust Programming Language (NoStarch, 2018)Many people who start tinkering with Rust struggle to know how to apply it to their day-to-day work. Command Line Rust is an excellent remedy to this. It shows you how to build utilities that can demonstrate to you and your colleagues that Rust is worth learning. -- Tim McNamara, author of Rust In Action (Manning, 2021) Cover Copyright Table of Contents Preface What Is Rust (and Why Is Everybody Talkin’ About It)? Who Should Read This Book Why You Should Learn Rust The Coding Challenges Getting Rust and the Code Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples O’Reilly Online Learning How to Contact Us Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Truth or Consequences Getting Started with “Hello, world!” Organizing a Rust Project Directory Creating and Running a Project with Cargo Writing and Running Integration Tests Adding a Project Dependency Understanding Program Exit Values Testing the Program Output Exit Values Make Programs Composable Summary Chapter 2. Test for Echo How echo Works Getting Started Accessing the Command-Line Arguments Adding clap as a Dependency Parsing Command-Line Arguments Using clap Creating the Program Output Writing Integration Tests Creating the Test Output Files Comparing Program Output Using the Result Type Summary Chapter 3. On the Catwalk How cat Works Getting Started Starting with Tests Creating a Library Crate Defining the Parameters Iterating Through the File Arguments Opening a File or STDIN Using the Test Suite Solution Reading the Lines in a File Printing Line Numbers Going Further Summary Chapter 4. Head Aches How head Works Getting Started Writing a Unit Test to Parse a String into a Number Converting Strings into Errors Defining the Arguments Processing the Input Files Reading Bytes Versus Characters Solution Reading a File Line by Line Preserving Line Endings While Reading a File Reading Bytes from a File Printing the File Separators Going Further Summary Chapter 5. Word to Your Mother How wc Works Getting Started Iterating the Files Writing and Testing a Function to Count File Elements Solution Counting the Elements of a File or STDIN Formatting the Output Going Further Summary Chapter 6. Den of Uniquity How uniq Works Getting Started Defining the Arguments Testing the Program Processing the Input Files Solution Going Further Summary Chapter 7. Finders Keepers How find Works Getting Started Defining the Arguments Validating the Arguments Finding All the Things Solution Conditionally Testing on Unix Versus Windows Going Further Summary Chapter 8. Shave and a Haircut How cut Works Getting Started Defining the Arguments Parsing the Position List Extracting Characters or Bytes Parsing Delimited Text Files Solution Selecting Characters from a String Selecting Bytes from a String Selecting Fields from a csv::StringRecord Final Boss Going Further Summary Chapter 9. Jack the Grepper How grep Works Getting Started Defining the Arguments Finding the Files to Search Finding the Matching Lines of Input Solution Going Further Summary Chapter 10. Boston Commons How comm Works Getting Started Defining the Arguments Validating and Opening the Input Files Processing the Files Solution Going Further Summary Chapter 11. Tailor Swyfte How tail Works Getting Started Defining the Arguments Parsing Positive and Negative Numeric Arguments Using a Regular Expression to Match an Integer with an Optional Sign Parsing and Validating the Command-Line Arguments Processing the Files Counting the Total Lines and Bytes in a File Finding the Starting Line to Print Finding the Starting Byte to Print Testing the Program with Large Input Files Solution Counting All the Lines and Bytes in a File Finding the Start Index Printing the Lines Printing the Bytes Benchmarking the Solution Going Further Summary Chapter 12. Fortunate Son How fortune Works Getting Started Defining the Arguments Finding the Input Sources Reading the Fortune Files Randomly Selecting a Fortune Printing Records Matching a Pattern Solution Going Further Summary Chapter 13. Rascalry How cal Works Getting Started Defining and Validating the Arguments Writing the Program Solution Going Further Summary Chapter 14. Elless Island How ls Works Getting Started Defining the Arguments Finding the Files Formatting the Long Listing Displaying Octal Permissions Testing the Long Format Solution Notes from the Testing Underground Going Further Summary Epilogue Index About the Author Colophon Updated in 2024: A new version has been released that simplifies the programs used in the book, based on changes in the Rust language and crates since original publication. The code has been updated to reflect version 4 of the clap crate. For several consecutive years, Rust has been voted'most loved programming language'in Stack Overflow's annual developer survey. This open source systems programming language is now used for everything from game engines and operating systems to browser components and virtual reality simulation engines. But Rust is also an incredibly complex language with a notoriously difficult learning curve.Rather than focusing on the language as a whole, this guide teaches Rust using a single small, complete, focused program in each chapter. Author Ken Youens-Clark shows you how to start, write, and test each of these programs to create a finished product. You'll learn how to handle errors in Rust, read and write files, and use regular expressions, Rust types, structs, and more.Discover how to:Use Rust's standard libraries and data types such as numbers, strings, vectors, structs, Options, and Results to create command-line programsWrite and test Rust programs and functionsRead and write files, including stdin, stdout, and stderrDocument and validate command-line argumentsWrite programs that fail gracefullyParse raw and delimited text manually, using regular expressions and Rust cratesUse and control randomness For several consecutive years, Rust has been voted "most loved programming language" in Stack Overflow's annual developer survey. This open source systems programming language is now used for everything from game engines and operating systems to browser components and virtual reality simulation engines. But Rust is also an incredibly complex language with a notoriously difficult learning curve. Rather than focus on the language as a whole, this guide teaches Rust using a single small, complete, focused program in each chapter. Author Ken Youens-Clark shows you how to start, write, and test each of these programs to create a finished product. You'll learn how to handle errors in Rust, read and write files, and use regular expressions, Rust types, structs, and more. Discover how to: This book is a great way to practice writing Rust in real-world scenarios. Ken has laid out a path to build your skills in testing, using crates, and solving common problems. -- Carol Nichols, Cofounder, Integer 32, co-author of (NoStarch, 2018) Many people who start tinkering with Rust struggle to know how to apply it to their day-to-day work. is an excellent remedy to this. It shows you how to build utilities that can demonstrate to you and your colleagues that Rust is worth learning. -- Tim McNamara, author of (Manning, 2021) For several consecutive years, Rust has been voted "most loved programming language" in Stack Overflow's annual developer survey. This open source systems programming language is now used for everything from game engines and operating systems to browser components and virtual reality simulation engines. But Rust is also an incredibly complex language with a notoriously difficult learning curve. Rather than focusing on the language as a whole, this guide teaches Rust using a single small, complete, focused program in each chapter. Author Ken Youens-Clark shows you how to start, write, and test each of these programs to create a finished product. You'll learn how to handle errors in Rust, read and write files, and use regular expressions, Rust types, structs, and more. Discover how to: Use Rust's standard libraries and data types such as numbers, strings, vectors, structs, Options, and Results to create command-line programs ; Write and test Rust programs and functions ; Read and write files, including stdin, stdout, and stderr ; Document and validate command-line arguments ; Write programs that fail gracefully ; Parse raw and delimited text manually, using regular expressions and Rust crates ; Use and control randomness For Several Consecutive Years, Rust Has Been Voted Most Loved Programming Language In Stack Overflow's Annual Developer Survey. This Open Source Systems Programming Language Is Now Used For Everything From Game Engines And Operating Systems To Browser Components And Virtual Reality Simulation Engines. But Rust Is Also An Incredibly Complex Language With A Notoriously Difficult Learning Curve. Rather Than Focus On The Language As A Whole, This Guide Teaches Rust Using A Single Small, Complete, Focused Program In Each Chapter. Author Ken Youens-clark Shows You How To Start, Write, And Test Each Of These Programs To Create A Finished Product. You'll Learn How To Handle Errors In Rust, Read And Write Files, And Use Regular Expressions, Rust Types, Structs, And More. Discover How To: Use Rust's Standard Libraries And Data Types Such As Strings, Vectors, Dictionaries, And Sets To Create Systems Programs Write And Test Rust Programs And Functions Read And Write Files, Including Stdin, Stdout, And Stderr Document And Validate Command-line Arguments Write Programs That Fail Gracefully Parse Raw And Delimited Text As Well As Excel Data Use And Control Randomness