Domino guide to the insects of Britain and Western Europe

Over 2,000 of the most commonly observed and most distinctive insect species of Britain and western Europe, from all orders and most families, are illustrated in this essential pocket guide. The text summarises key identification points, and introductory sections for each group covered give useful guidelines on the characteristics of the orders, families and genera covered. This is the most comprehensive guide available on the insects of this region and will be of great use to all naturalists with an interest in insect life. Insects of Britain and Western Europe......Page 1 How to use this book......Page 2 Title Page......Page 3 Copyright Info......Page 4 Introduction......Page 5 Insect Anatomy......Page 7 Insect life cycles......Page 10 Collecting and studying......Page 11 Insect conservation......Page 12 The orders of insects......Page 13 THE KEY......Page 14 SPRINGTAILS Order Collembola......Page 18 MAYFLIES Order Ephemeroptera......Page 20 DRAGONFLIES Order Odonata......Page 24 Family Coenagriidae......Page 26 Family calopterygidae......Page 28 Family Cordulegasteridae......Page 30 Family Aeshnidae......Page 32 Family Libellulidae......Page 34 STONEFLIES Order Plecoptera......Page 38 GRASSHOPPERS and CRICKETS Order Orthoptera......Page 40 Key......Page 41 GRASSHOPPERS Family Acrididae......Page 42 GROUNDHOPPERS Family Tetrigidae......Page 48 BUSH-CRICKETS Family Tettigoniidae......Page 50 CAVE CRICKETS Rhaphidophoridae......Page 58 TRUE CRICKETS Gryllidae......Page 60 COCKROACHES Order Dictyoptera: Sub-order Blattodea......Page 62 MANTIDS Order Dictyoptera: Sub-order Mantodea......Page 64 STICK INSECTS Order Phasmida......Page 66 WEB-SPINNERS Order Embioptera......Page 68 Family Forficulidae......Page 70 BUGS Order Hemiptera......Page 72 Family Pentatomidae......Page 74 GROUND BUGS Lygaeidae......Page 78 DAMSEL BUGS Nabidae......Page 80 MIRID or CAPSID BUGS Miridae......Page 82 SUBMERGED BUGS......Page 88 TREEHOPPERS Membracidae......Page 90 Family Delphacidae......Page 92 LEAFHOPPERS Cicadellidae......Page 94 APHIDS......Page 96 SCALE INSECTS......Page 98 PSOCIDS Order Psocoptera......Page 100 THRIPS Order Thysanoptera......Page 101 SUCKING LICE Order Anoplura......Page 102 FLEAS Order Siphonaptera......Page 103 ANT-LlONS Myrmeleonidae......Page 104 ASCALAPHIDS Ascalaphidae......Page 106 GREEN LACEWINGS Chrysopidae......Page 108 SCORPION FLIES Order Mecoptera......Page 110 BUTTERFLIES and MOTHS Order Lepidoptera......Page 112 SWALLOWTAIL and APOLLO BUTTERFLIES Papilionidae......Page 114 WHITE and YELLOW BUTTERFLIES Pieridae......Page 116 ADMIRALS, TORTOISESHELLS and kin Nymphalidae......Page 118 BROWN BUTTERFLIES Satyridae......Page 122 SKIPPERS Hesperiidae......Page 124 Family Pyralidae......Page 130 PLUME MOTHS Pterophoridae......Page 132 CLEARWING MOTHS Sesiidae......Page 134 BAGWORMS Psychidae......Page 136 EGGAR MOTHS Lasiocampidae......Page 138 HAWKMOTHS Sphingidae......Page 142 Family Notodontidae......Page 150 TIGER and ERMINE MOTHS Arctiidae......Page 154 Noctuidae......Page 158 Family Geometridae......Page 172 Family Tortricidae......Page 128 CADDIS FLIES Order Trichoptera......Page 185 Family Limnephilidae......Page 186 TRUE FLIES Order Diptera......Page 192 CRANE-FLIES Tipulidae......Page 194 MOSQUITOES Culicidae......Page 196 SOLDIER-FLIES Stratiomyidae......Page 200 HORSE-FLIES Tabanidae......Page 202 ROBBER-FLIES Asilidae......Page 204 HOVER-FLIES Syrphidae......Page 206 Family Tephritidae......Page 210 Family Tachinidae......Page 214 HOUSE-FLIES and kin Muscidae......Page 216 ANTS, WASPS, BEES, and their relatives Order Hymenoptera......Page 220 SAWFLIES Sub-order Symphyta......Page 224 Family Tenthredinidae......Page 226 GALL WASPS Cynipidae......Page 228 PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA......Page 230 ICHNEUMONS lchneumonidae......Page 232 RUBY-TAILED WASPS Chrysididae......Page 234 ANTS Formicidae......Page 236 DIGGER WASPS Sphecidae......Page 238 POTTER and MASON WASPS Eumenidae......Page 242 SOClAL WASPS Vespidae......Page 244 BEES......Page 246 BUMBLE BEES Apidae......Page 252 CUCKOO BEES......Page 254 BEETLES Order Coleoptera......Page 256 STYLOPIDS......Page 257 TIGER BEETLES and GROUND BEETLES Carabidae......Page 258 ROVE BEETLES Staphylinidae......Page 262 SCARABS and CHAFERS Scarabaeidae......Page 266 BUPRESTID BEETLES Buprestidae......Page 268 CLICK BEETLES Elateridae......Page 270 Family Cleridae......Page 272 LARDER BEETLES Dermestidae......Page 274 LONGHORN BEETLES Cerambycidae......Page 279 LEAF BEETLES Chrysomelidae......Page 284 WEEVILS......Page 286 BARK BEETLES Scolytidae......Page 290 Family Dytiscidae......Page 292 Family Hydrophilidae......Page 294 TERRESTRIAL LARVAE......Page 296 AQUATIC NYMPHS and LARVAE......Page 298 CENTIPEDES Class Chilopoda......Page 300 MILLIPEDES Class Diplopoda......Page 301 TICKS and MITES Order Acarina......Page 302 HARVESTMEN Order Opiliones......Page 303 ORB-WEB SPIDERS Araneidae......Page 304 CRAB SPIDERS Thomisidae......Page 308 Glossary......Page 310 Index of English Names......Page 312 Index of Genera and Species......Page 315 Acknowledgments......Page 322 Insects of Britain and Western Europe 1 How to use this book 2 Title Page 3 Copyright Info 4 Introduction 5 Insect Anatomy 7 Insect life cycles 10 Collecting and studying 11 Insect conservation 12 The orders of insects 13 THE KEY 14 BRISTLETAILS Order Thysanura 18 TWO-TAILED BRISTLETAILS Order Diplura 18 SPRINGTAILS Order Collembola 18 MAYFLIES Order Ephemeroptera 20 DRAGONFLIES Order Odonata 24 DAMSELFLIES Sub-order Zygoptera 26 Family Platycnemididae 26 Family Coenagriidae 26 Family Lestidae 28 Family calopterygidae 28 TRUE DRAGONFLIES Sub-order Anisoptera 30 Family Gomphidae 30 Family Cordulegasteridae 30 Family Aeshnidae 32 Family Corduliidae 34 Family Libellulidae 34 STONEFLIES Order Plecoptera 38 GRASSHOPPERS and CRICKETS Order Orthoptera 40 Key 41 GRASSHOPPERS Family Acrididae 42 GROUNDHOPPERS Family Tetrigidae 48 BUSH-CRICKETS Family Tettigoniidae 50 CAVE CRICKETS Rhaphidophoridae 58 TRUE CRICKETS Gryllidae 60 COCKROACHES Order Dictyoptera: Sub-order Blattodea 62 MANTIDS Order Dictyoptera: Sub-order Mantodea 64 STICK INSECTS Order Phasmida 66 TERMITES Order lsoptera 68 WEB-SPINNERS Order Embioptera 68 EARWIGS Order Dermaptera 70 Family Forficulidae 70 BUGS Order Hemiptera 72 HETEROPTERAN BUGS Sub-order Heteroptera 74 Family Pentatomidae 74 GROUND BUGS Lygaeidae 78 ASSASSIN BUGS Reduviidae 80 DAMSEL BUGS Nabidae 80 MIRID or CAPSID BUGS Miridae 82 SURFACE DWELLERS 88 SUBMERGED BUGS 88 HOMOPTERAN BUGS Sub-order Homoptera 90 CICADAS Cicadidae 90 TREEHOPPERS Membracidae 90 FROGHOPPERS Cercopidae 92 Family Delphacidae 92 LEAFHOPPERS Cicadellidae 94 APHIDS 96 JUMPING PLANT LICE 98 WHITEFLIES Aleyrodidae 98 SCALE INSECTS 98 PSOCIDS Order Psocoptera 100 THRIPS Order Thysanoptera 101 BITING LIGE Order Mallophaga 102 SUCKING LICE Order Anoplura 102 FLEAS Order Siphonaptera 103 ANT-LlONS, LACEWINGS, and ALLIES Order Neuroptera 104 ANT-LlONS Myrmeleonidae 104 ASCALAPHIDS Ascalaphidae 106 GREEN LACEWINGS Chrysopidae 108 BROWN LACEWINGS Hemerobiidae 110 SNAKE FLIES Raphididae 110 SCORPION FLIES Order Mecoptera 110 BUTTERFLIES and MOTHS Order Lepidoptera 112 SWALLOWTAIL and APOLLO BUTTERFLIES Papilionidae 114 WHITE and YELLOW BUTTERFLIES Pieridae 116 ADMIRALS, TORTOISESHELLS and kin Nymphalidae 118 BROWN BUTTERFLIES Satyridae 122 HAIRSTREAKS, COPPERS and BLUES Lycaenidae 124 SKIPPERS Hesperiidae 124 Family Cochylidae 130 Family Pyralidae 130 PLUME MOTHS Pterophoridae 132 SWIFT MOTHS Hepialidae 134 CLEARWING MOTHS Sesiidae 134 BURNETS and FORESTERS Zygaenidae 136 BAGWORMS Psychidae 136 EGGAR MOTHS Lasiocampidae 138 HAWKMOTHS Sphingidae 142 Family Notodontidae 150 TIGER and ERMINE MOTHS Arctiidae 154 Noctuidae 158 Family Geometridae 172 Family Tortricidae 128 CADDIS FLIES Order Trichoptera 185 Family Limnephilidae 186 TRUE FLIES Order Diptera 192 CRANE-FLIES Tipulidae 194 MOSQUITOES Culicidae 196 SOLDIER-FLIES Stratiomyidae 200 HORSE-FLIES Tabanidae 202 ROBBER-FLIES Asilidae 204 HOVER-FLIES Syrphidae 206 Family Tephritidae 210 LOUSE-FLIES Hippoboscidae 214 Family Tachinidae 214 BLOW-FLIES Calliphoridae 216 HOUSE-FLIES and kin Muscidae 216 ANTS, WASPS, BEES, and their relatives Order Hymenoptera 220 SAWFLIES Sub-order Symphyta 224 Family Tenthredinidae 226 WASPS, ANTS, and BEES Sub-order Apocrita 228 GALL WASPS Cynipidae 228 PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA 230 ICHNEUMONS lchneumonidae 232 RUBY-TAILED WASPS Chrysididae 234 ANTS Formicidae 236 DIGGER WASPS Sphecidae 238 SPIDER-HUNTING WASPS Pompilidae 242 POTTER and MASON WASPS Eumenidae 242 SOClAL WASPS Vespidae 244 BEES 246 BUMBLE BEES Apidae 252 CUCKOO BEES 254 BEETLES Order Coleoptera 256 STYLOPIDS 257 TIGER BEETLES and GROUND BEETLES Carabidae 258 BURYING BEETLES Silphidae 262 ROVE BEETLES Staphylinidae 262 SCARABS and CHAFERS Scarabaeidae 266 BUPRESTID BEETLES Buprestidae 268 CLICK BEETLES Elateridae 270 SOLDIER and SAILOR BEETLES Cantharidae 272 Family Cleridae 272 LADYBIRDS Coccinellidae 274 LARDER BEETLES Dermestidae 274 LONGHORN BEETLES Cerambycidae 279 LEAF BEETLES Chrysomelidae 284 WEEVILS 286 BARK BEETLES Scolytidae 290 Family Dytiscidae 292 Family Hydrophilidae 294 TERRESTRIAL LARVAE 296 AQUATIC NYMPHS and LARVAE 298 The Other Arthropods 300 CENTIPEDES Class Chilopoda 300 MILLIPEDES Class Diplopoda 301 WOODLICE Order lsopoda 302 The Arachnids 302 FALSE SCORPIONS Order Pseudoscorpiones 302 TICKS and MITES Order Acarina 302 SCORPIONS Order Scorpiones 303 HARVESTMEN Order Opiliones 303 SPIDERS 304 ORB-WEB SPIDERS Araneidae 304 CRAB SPIDERS Thomisidae 308 Glossary 310 Index of English Names 312 Index of Genera and Species 315 Acknowledgments 322