کار کردن با اشیاء: طراحی و استفاده از اشیاء روزمره (اتنوسکاپ‌ها)

It has been claimed that the natural sciences have abstracted for themselves a 'material world' set apart from human concerns, and social sciences, in their turn, constructed 'a world of actors devoid of things'. While a subject such as archaeology, by its very nature, takes objects into account, other disciplines, such as psychology, emphasize internal mental structures and other non-material issues. This book brings together a team of contributors from across the social sciences who have been taking 'things' more seriously to examine how people relate to objects. The contributors focus on every day objects and how these objects enter into our activities over the course of time. Using a combination of different theoretical approaches, including actor network theory, ecological psychology, cognitive linguistics and science and technology studies, the book argues against the standard notion of objects and their properties as inert and meaningless and argues for the need to understand the relations between people and objects in terms of process and change. Contents 6 List of Contributors 8 List of Figures and Tables 10 Introduction 12 Part I: Intentionality and the Functionality of Things 24 1. The Case of the Recalcitrant Prototype 26 2. Use Plans and Artefact Functions: An Intentionalist Approach to Artefacts and their Use 40 Part II: Things in the World of the Child 60 3. Autism and Object Use: The Mutuality of the Social and Material in Children’s Developing Understanding and Use of Everyday Objects 62 4. Object Use in Pretend Play: Symbolic or Functional? 78 5. Culture, Language and Canonicality: Differences in the Use of Containers between Zapotec (Mexican Indigenous) and Danish Children 98 Part III: Transformation and Things 122 6. The Cognitive Biographies of Things 124 7. The Woman who used her Walking Stick as a Telephone: The Use of Utilities in Praxis 142 8. Politics of Things: The Interplay of Design and Practice in a Design Workshop with Children 158 Part IV: Organisation and Things 176 9. Working with Material Things: From Essentialism to Material–Semiotic Analysis of Sociotechnical Practice 178 10. Words and Things: Discursive and Non-Discursive Ordering in a Networked Organisation 204 11. Learning to Do Things with Things: Apprenticeship Learning in Bakery as Economy and Social Practice 220 12. Urban Makings and the Formalisation of Informal Settlements 236 Name Index 250 A 250 B 250 C 250 D 250 E 250 F 250 G 250 H 250 I 250 J 250 K 250 L 250 M 250 N 250 O 251 P 251 R 251 S 251 T 251 U 251 V 251 W 251 Z 251 Subject Index 252 A 252 B 252 C 252 D 252 E 252 F 252 I 252 L 252 M 252 N 252 O 252 P 253 R 253 S 253 T 253 U 253 W 253 Z 253 Contents......Page 6 List of Contributors......Page 8 List of Figures and Tables......Page 10 Introduction......Page 12 Part I: Intentionality and the Functionality of Things......Page 24 1. The Case of the Recalcitrant Prototype......Page 26 2. Use Plans and Artefact Functions: An Intentionalist Approach to Artefacts and their Use......Page 40 Part II: Things in the World of the Child......Page 60 3. Autism and Object Use: The Mutuality of the Social and Material in Children’s Developing Understanding and Use of Everyday Objects......Page 62 4. Object Use in Pretend Play: Symbolic or Functional?......Page 78 5. Culture, Language and Canonicality: Differences in the Use of Containers between Zapotec (Mexican Indigenous) and Danish Children......Page 98 Part III: Transformation and Things......Page 122 6. The Cognitive Biographies of Things......Page 124 7. The Woman who used her Walking Stick as a Telephone: The Use of Utilities in Praxis......Page 142 8. Politics of Things: The Interplay of Design and Practice in a Design Workshop with Children......Page 158 Part IV: Organisation and Things......Page 176 9. Working with Material Things: From Essentialism to Material–Semiotic Analysis of Sociotechnical Practice......Page 178 10. Words and Things: Discursive and Non-Discursive Ordering in a Networked Organisation......Page 204 11. Learning to Do Things with Things: Apprenticeship Learning in Bakery as Economy and Social Practice......Page 220 12. Urban Makings and the Formalisation of Informal Settlements......Page 236 N......Page 250 Z......Page 251 O......Page 252 Z......Page 253 Examining how people relate to objects, this book focuses on every day objects and how these objects enter into our activities over the course of time. It uses a combination of different theoretical approaches, including actor network theory, ecological psychology, cognitive linguistics and science and technology studies. It has been claimed that the natural sciences have abstracted for themselves a 'material world' set apart from human concerns, and the social sciences, in their turn, constructed 'a world of actors devoid of things' (Joerges, 1988, p. 220). Reflecting a growing interest withing the human sciences about how people relate to objects, the contributors to this book mainly focus on everyday objects and how these objects enter into our activities over the course of time Edited By Alan Costall And Ole Dreier. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes.