Does War Make States?: Critical Investigations of Charles Tilly's Historical Sociology

Arising From Renewed Engagement With Charles Tilly's Canonical Work On The Relationship Between War And State Formation, This Volume Situates Tilly's Work In A Broader Theoretical Landscape And Brings It Into Contemporary Debates On State Formation Theory. Starting With Tilly's Famous Dictum 'war Made The State, And The State Made War', The Book Takes His Claim Further, Examining It From A Philosophical, Theoretical And Conceptual View, And Asking Whether It Is Applicable To Non-european Regions Such As The Middle East, South America And China. The Authors Question Tilly's Narrow View Of The Causal Relationship Between Warfare And State-making, And Use A Positive Yet Critical Approach To Suggest Alternative Ways To Explain How The State Is Formed. Readers Will Gain A Comprehensive View Of The Most Recent Developments In The Literature On State Formation, As Well As A More Nuanced View Of Charles Tilly's Work. -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: State Formation Theory : Status, Problems, And Prospects / Lars Bo Kaspersen Ifs, Ku And Jeppe Strandsbjerg, Dbp, Cbs And Benno Teschke, University Of Sussex -- Lineages -- After The Tilly-thesis : Social Conflict, Differential State-formation And Geopolitics In The Construction Of The European System Of States / Benno Teschke, University Of Sussex -- Otto Hintze, Stein Rokkan And Charles Tilly's Theory Of European Statebuilding / Thomas Ertman, New York University -- Challenges -- War And State Formation : Amending The Bellicist Theory Of State Making / Hendrik Spruyt, Northwestern University -- Beyond The Tilly Thesis : Family Values And State Formation In Latin Christendom / Philip Gorski, Yale & Vivek S. Sharma, Pitzer College -- Omissions -- The Space Of State Formation / Jeppe Strandsbjerg, Copenhagen Business School -- The Realm As A European Form Of Rule : Unpacking The Warfare Thesis Through The Holy Roman Empire / Peter Haldon, Swedish Defence University -- War, Conflict And The State Reconsidered / Vivek S. Sharma, Pitzer College -- Vistas -- War And State In The Middle East : Reassessing Charles Tilly In A Regional Context / Dietrich Jung, University Of Southern Denmark -- Beyond Mere War : Authority And Legitimacy In The Formation Of The Latin American States / Robert H. Holden, Old Dominion University -- How Tilly's State Formation Paradigm Is Revolutionizing The Study Of Chinese State-making / Victoria Hui, University Of Notre Dame -- Bibliography -- Index. Edited By Lars Bo Kaspersen And Jeppe Strandsbjerg. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover 1 Half-title 3 Title page 5 Copyright information 6 Table of contents 7 List of Contributors 9 Acknowledgements 14 Introduction: State Formation Theory: Status, Problems, and Prospects 15 Theorising the State 17 Mapping State-Formation Theories 21 Locating Charles Tilly 25 Structure of the Volume 31 Part I Lineages 37 1 After the Tilly Thesis: Social Conflict, Differential State-formation and Geopolitics in the Construction of the European System of States 39 Historical Sociology, International Relations and the Tilly Thesis 39 Overcoming ‘Methodological Nationalism’: Encompassing Comparison 45 Defining Capitalism: From Marx to Weber 48 The State and the Exteriority of the Interstate System: From Weber to Waltz 50 The Absence of a Social Theory of War 53 Two Logics of Capital and Coercion and the Reification of Agency 54 Explaining Variations: Tri-linearity and the Bracketing of the Peasantry 56 Reversing the Tilly Thesis: Pre-Capitalist States Made War and War Unmade These States 58 (Geo-)Political Marxism: Basic Theoretical Premises 60 Conclusion 65 2 Otto Hintze, Stein Rokkan and Charles Tilly’s Theory of European State-building 66 Introduction 66 Hintze’s Early Writings 67 Tilly’s Two State-building Models 70 Hintze’s Later Writings: An Alternative to Rokkan and Tilly 73 Conclusion 81 Part II Challenges 85 3 War and State Formation: Amending the Bellicist Theory of State Making 87 Introduction 87 The Military Revolution and State Development in Europe 89 The Empirical Record 89 The Foundational Work of Charles Tilly 91 The Impact of the Bellicist Argument on Contemporary Social Science Scholarship 92 Specifying the Connections between War and State Making 94 Problematizing Warfare and State Building 95 State Capacity or Territorial Sovereign Authority? 97 Strong Form Selection and Optimal State Organization 100 Amending the Bellicist Theory of War: Accounting for Systemic Context and Agency 103 Clarification of Domestic Coalitions 103 Specification of the Mechanism of Aggregation 105 Conclusion 107 4 Beyond the Tilly Thesis: ‘‘Family Values’’ and State Formation in Latin Christendom 112 Introduction 112 The Neo-Darwinian Approach to State Consolidation: Summary and Critique 115 The Neo-Malthusian Approach: Specifications and Adjudications 120 Primogeniture 121 Female Inheritance and Dynastic Unions 123 The Fragility of the Dynastic Family 124 Dynasticism and Territorial Consolidation 125 The Bureaucratization of State Administration: A Neo-Weberian Account 126 Patrimonialism and Military Organization in Early Modern Europe 129 Conclusion: ‘‘Family Values’’ and the ‘‘Rise of the West’’ 134 Part III Omissions 139 5 The Space of State Formation 141 Introduction 141 The Theoretical Problem of Space and State Formation 143 The Territorial State 144 The Nature of Space 148 Cartography and Spatial History 152 A Cartographic Transition 153 Knowing the Territory 155 Cartographic Territory 157 Mapping Denmark 158 Cartography and Territorial Sovereignty 161 Conclusion 166 6 The Realm as a European Form of Rule: Unpacking the Warfare Thesis through the Holy Roman Empire 168 Introduction 168 The Warfare Thesis and the Absence of the Holy Roman Empire 171 The Early Modern Holy Roman Empire as a Resilient Non-State Polity 174 When the Holy Roman Empire Was Not an Anomaly 179 The Similarity and Later Divergence of England, ‘‘France’’ and the HRE 180 Medieval Polities Did Not Conform to Modern Definitions of Statehood 181 Realm as a Form of Rule Distinct from States and Lineage Systems 184 Tilly’s Concept of the State Revisited 188 The Realm-State Distinction Suggests a Missing Element in Contemporary State-Building 190 Conclusions and Future Directions 192 7 War, Conflict and the State Reconsidered 195 War and the State 197 What Is War? 200 War as Politics 201 Rank, Status and Violence 201 Institutions and Violence 203 The Types of War in Premodern Europe 204 War and Society in Medieval and Early Modern Europe 207 Limited War 207 Institutions and Total War 216 Peasants and Social Conflict 217 Religious Conflict 218 Constitutional Conflict 222 Conquest and Territorial Domination in Medieval and Early Modern Europe 224 Conclusion 228 Part IV Vistas 233 8 War and State in the Middle East: Reassessing Charles Tilly in a Regional Context 235 Tilly’s Paradigm and Historical Sociology 238 War-Making and State-Making in the Middle East 243 The ‘‘Arab Spring’’ and Middle Eastern Authoritarianism: Tilly on Its Head 249 Theory of Contemporary State Formation: Charles Tilly and Beyond 253 9 Beyond Mere War: Authority and Legitimacy in the Formation of the Latin American States 257 Introduction 257 What Is the Latin American State? 259 What Can War Explain about Latin American State Making? 265 When Is a State or Government ‘‘Legitimate’’? 268 The Search for Authority in Latin American State Making 274 10 How Tilly’s State Formation Paradigm is Revolutionizing the Study of Chinese State-making 282 Tilly’s Critics 283 Tilly and the Case of China 287 Chinese State-Making in the Classical Period 289 Chinese State-Making in the Modern Period 293 Chinese State-Making in the Imperial Period 296 Tilly and Chinese State-Making Today 308 Bibliography 310 Name Index 339 Subject Index 344 Presentación del editor: "Arising from renewed engagement with Charles Tilly's canonical work on the relationship between war and state formation, this volume situates Tilly's work in a broader theoretical landscape and brings it into contemporary debates on state formation theory. Starting with Tilly's famous dictum 'war made the state, and the state made war', the book takes his claim further, examining it from a philosophical, theoretical and conceptual view, and asking whether it is applicable to non-European regions such as the Middle East, South America and China. The authors question Tilly's narrow view of the causal relationship between warfare and state-making, and use a positive yet critical approach to suggest alternative ways to explain how the state is formed. Readers will gain a comprehensive view of the most recent developments in the literature on state formation, as well as a more nuanced view of Charles Tilly's work. Review: 'This is an outstanding scholarly contribution - an important work well written and exhaustively researched ... it is a new take on historical sociology in general and the important questions that have defined it for the past thirty years.' Miguel A. Centeno, Princeton University, New Jersey 'Charles Tilly's claim that war-making helped state-building has long had the status of established truth. This superb collection offers several challenges - both in the European core and in other civilizations - that make us rethink matters. The book will, for sure, gain a wide readership.' John A. Hall, McGill University, Montreal" Acknowledgements -- Introduction: state formation theory : status, problems, and prospects / Lars Bo Kaspersen IFS, KU and Jeppe Strandsbjerg, DBP, CBS and Benno Teschke, University of Sussex -- Lineages -- After the Tilly-thesis : social conflict, differential state-formation and geopolitics in the construction of the European system of states / Benno Teschke, University of Sussex -- Otto Hintze, Stein Rokkan and Charles Tilly's theory of European statebuilding / Thomas Ertman, New York University -- Challenges -- War and state formation : amending the bellicist theory of state making / Hendrik Spruyt, Northwestern University -- Beyond the Tilly thesis : family values and state formation in Latin Christendom / Philip Gorski, Yale et Vivek S. Sharma, Pitzer College -- Omissions -- The space of state formation / Jeppe Strandsbjerg, Copenhagen Business School -- The realm as a European form of rule : unpacking the warfare thesis through the Holy Roman Empire / Peter Haldon, Swedish Defence University -- War, conflict and the state reconsidered / Vivek S. Sharma, Pitzer College -- Vistas -- War and state in the Middle East : reassessing charles Tilly in a regional context / Dietrich Jung, University of Southern Denmark -- Beyond mere war : authority and legitimacy in the formation of the Latin American States / Robert H. Holden, Old Dominion University -- How Tilly's state formation paradigm is revolutionizing the study of Chinese state-making / Victoria Hui, University of Notre Dame -- Bibliography -- Index