Distillation Control : An Engineering Perspective

"Today, distillation is by far the most common separation technique used in the chemical and petroleum industries. Distillation Control approaches this subject from a process engineering perspective to explain the use of steady-state simulations to develop, to analyze, and to troubleshoot all aspects of column controls, including their practical application and cost benefits. Practicing engineers and other professionals working in process facilities that use distillation to separate materials will find this book a reliable companion"-- "This book approaches the subject from a process engineering perspective, specifically, to use the steady-state simulation of the column as the primary source of the parameters required to develop, to analyze, and to troubleshoot a column control configuration. For an operating column, the first action must be to confirm that the separation currently provided by the column is consistent with design expectations (using control sophistication to solve process problems is a loser). The objective is to choose the control configuration that properly reflects the column design parameters (number of stages; feed stage location, etc), the materials being separated (relative volatility), the operating requirements for the column (reflux ratios, product purities, etc)"-- 'Distillation Control' approaches this subject from a process engineering perspective to explain the use of steady-state simulations to develop, to analyze, and to troubleshoot all aspects of column controls, including their practical application and cost benefits. Today, distillation is by far the most common separation technique used in the chemical and petroleum industries. Distillation Control approaches this subject from a process engineering perspective to explain the use of steady-state simulations to develop, to analyze, and to troubleshoot all aspects of column controls, including their practical application and cost benefits. Practicing engineers and other professionals working in process facilities that use distillation to separate materials will find this book a reliable companion. Learn to Design the Best Control Configuration for Any Distillation Column Today, distillation is by far the most common separation technique used in the chemical and petroleum industries. All distillation columns need to be carefully controlled in order to meet specified production and quality levels. Distillation Control enables readers to do this by approaching the subject from a process to develop, analyze, and troubleshoot all aspects of column controls. Readers are efficiency and effectiveness and minimizing coats. Distillation Control begins with a chapter dedicated to underlying principles, including separation processes, reflux and boilup ratios, and composition dynamics. Next, the author covers such critical topics as: Composition control Pressure control and condensers Reboilers and feed preheaters Application of feedforward Unit optimization Complex towers As readers progress through the text, they'll discover that the best control configuration for a distillation column is largely determined using steady-state process characteristics. The stage-by-stage separation models that the author sets forth for column design, therefore, provide information that is essential in developing the optimal control configuration. In addition to its clear explanations, Distillation Control is filled with clear diagrams and illustrations that clarify complex concepts and guide readers through multi-step procedures. Engineers as well as other professionals working in process facilities that use distillation to separate materials will fin that this book enables them to implement the latest tested and proven distillation control methods to meet their particular processing needs Machine generated contents note: Chapter 1. Principles 1.1 Separation Processes 1.2 Total Material Balance 1.3 Reflux and Boilup Ratios 1.4 Total Material Balance Around Condenser 1.5 Total Material Balance Around Reboiler 1.6 Component Material Balances 1.7 Energy and the Separation Factor 1.8 Multicomponent Distillation 1.9 Stage-by-Stage Separation Model 1.10 Formulation of the Control Problem 1.11 Tower Internals 1.12 Flooding 1.13 Tray Hydraulics 1.14 Inverse Response in Bottoms Level 1.15 Composition Dynamics Chapter 2. Composition Control 2.1 Product Specifications 2.2 Columns in Series 2.3 Composition Analyzers 2.4 Temperature 2.5 Distillate Composition Control, Constant Boilup 2.6 Distillate Composition Control, Constant Bottoms Flow 2.7 Operating Lines 2.8 Temperature Profiles 2.9 Feed Composition Disturbances 2.10 Bottoms Composition Control 2.11 Propagation of Variance in Level Control Configurations 2.12 Level Control in Direct Material Balance Configurations Chapter 3. Pressure Control and Condensers 3.1 Pressure Control 3.2 Once-Through Heat Transfer Processes 3.3 Water-Cooled Condensers 3.4 Flooded Condensers 3.5 Air-Cooled Condensers 3.6 Partial Condensers 3.7 Atmospheric Towers 3.8 Vacuum Towers 3.9 Floating Pressure / Pressure Minimization Chapter 4. Reboilers and Feed Preheaters 4.1 Types of Reboilers 4.2 Steam-Heated Reboilers 4.3 Hot Oil 4.4 Fired Heaters 4.5 Feed Preheater 4.6 Economizer Chapter 5. Applying Feedforward 5.1 Feed Flow and Composition 5.2 Internal Reflux Control 5.3 Extreme Feedforward 5.4 Feedforward for Bottoms Level 5.5 Feedforward for Column Pressure 5.6 Product Compositions Chapter 6. Unit Optimization 6.1 Energy and Separation 6.2 Optimization of a Column 6.3 Constraints in Distillation Columns 6.4 Control Configurations for Single Constraint 6.5 Control Configurations for Multiple Constraints Chapter 7. Double-End Composition Control 7.1 Defining the Problemö 7.2 Options for Composition Control 7.3 Relative Gain 7.4 Relative Gains from Open Loop Sensitivities 7.5 Relative Gains for Other Configurations 7.6 Ratios for Manipulated Variables 7.7 Effect of Operating Objectives 7.8 Model Predictive Control Chapter 8. Complex Towers 8.1 Heat Integration 8.2 Side Heater / Side Cooler 8.3 Sidestreams 8.4 Withdrawing a Liquid Sidestream 8.5 Withdrawing a vapor sidestream 8.6 Composition Control in Sidestream Towers . "This book approaches the subject from a process engineering perspective, specifically, to use the steady-state simulation of the column as the primary source of the parameters required to develop, to analyze, and to troubleshoot a column control configuration. For an operating column, the first action must be to confirm that the separation currently provided by the column is consistent with design expectations (using control sophistication to solve process problems is a loser). The objective is to choose the control configuration that properly reflects the column design parameters (number of stages; feed stage location, etc), the materials being separated (relative volatility), the operating requirements for the column (reflux ratios, product purities, etc)"-- Provided by publisher