Distance and duties : determinants of manufacturing in Australia and Canada

Cover Title Copyright The Carleton Library Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1. 1 PROTECTION IN AUSTRALIA AND CANADA 1.2 COMPARISONS OF AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY CHAPTER 2: AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN COMMERCIAL POLICY 2.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL POLICY IN AUSTRALIA Australian Commercial Policy to 1900 Commercial Policy from Federation to War's End, 1901- 1920 The Tariff Board and Tariff Policy, 1921-1939 The Post- War Period, 1945- 1971 Australian Commercial Policy, 1971 - 1974 The Tariff and Industrial Development: A Summary 2.2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL POLICY IN CANADA Canadian Commercial Policy to 1879 The "National Policy", 1879-1913 The Economic Consequences of the National Policy The Inter- War Period, 1919-1939 World War II and Post- War Commercial Policy The Tariff and Canadian National Development 2.3 AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN COMMERCIAL POLICIES: A SUMMARY CHAPTER 3: TRADE BARRIERS AND INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE: SOME THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 3.1 SOME ASPECTS OF THE THEORY OF TARIFF PROTECTION Nominal Tariffs and Efficiency Effective Protection and Resource Allocation 3.2 TRANSPORT COSTS, TARIFFS AND THE RANGE OF COMMODITIES PRODUCED Transport Costs and Non- Traded Goods An Analysis of Transport Costs and Tariffs with a Continuum of Goods The real model Extensions of the model ( i ) Transport costs (ii) Tariffs 3.3 SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE CHAPTER 4: TRADE BARRIERS AND THE STRUCTURES AND PERFORMANCES OF AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 4.1 TRADE BARRIERS AND ECONOMIES OF SCALE Size of the Market Firm- Specific Economies Plant-Specific Economies Product-Specific Economies 4.2 TRADE BARRIERS AND THE STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF INDUSTRIES: A SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE Market Size Output Diversity Foreign Participation 4.3 THE COSTS OF PROTECTION CHAPTER 5: A REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE CONCERNING DISTANCE, INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT COSTS, AND TARIFFS AS BARRIERS TO TRADE 5.1 DISTANCE AND TRANSPORT COSTS AS DETERMINANTS OFINTERNATIONAL TRADE FLOWS Distance and Trade Flows Distance, Transport Costs and Trade Flows 5.2 THE RELATIVE HEIGHTS OF TARIFFS AND INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT COSTS: THE UNITED STATES' CASE CHAPTER 6: TRADE BARRIERS TO AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN EXPORTS 6.1 THE CONTRIBUTION OF DISTANCE TO TRANSPORT COSTS FOR AUSTRALIAN EXPORTS The "Cost" of Distance as a Barrier to Total Exports The "Cost" of Distance and Barriers to Exports of Individual Commodities The Case of Australian Exports to the United States Transport Costs of Australian Exports of Manufactures 6.2 TRADE BARRIERS TO CANADIAN EXPORTS 6.3 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 7: TRADE BARRIERS TO AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN IMPORTS 7.1 DESCRIPTION OF TARIFF AND TRANSPORT COST DATA IN THIS STUDY Australia Canada 7.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORT COST AND TARIFF PROTECTION OF AUSTRALIAN MANUFACTURING 7.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORT COST AND TARIFF PROTECTION OF CANADIAN MANUFACTURING 7.4 COMPARISONS OF THE PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES OF AUSTRALIA AND CANADA CHAPTER 8: A COMPARISON OF AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: A BIVARIATE APPROACH 8.1 BIVARIATE COMPARISONS OF MEANS AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Industry structures Labour forces Foreign trade Use of resources Other industry characteristics 8.2 BIVARIATE CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Protection and Industry Characteristics Industry structures Foreign participation Labour forces Research and development Production techniques and resource use Foreign trade Size of markets Other Characteristics of Australian and Canadian Manufacturing Industries Size of markets Foreign participation Industry structures Comparison of industry characteristics 8.3 BIVARIATE COMPARISONS OF AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN MANUFACTURING SECTORS: A SUMMARY Comparisons of Means and Distributions Simple Correlation Analysis CHAPTER 9: AN ANALYSIS OF AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: A MULTIVARIATE APPROACH 9.1 MULTIVARIATE DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS Discriminant Analysis of Four Aspects of Australian and Canadian Manufacturing Industries Industry structures Labour forces Foreign trade and the use of resources Discriminant Analysis of Selected Attributes of Australian and Canadian Manufacturing Industries Selected industry characteristics Selected industry characteristics and Protection Summary of Discriminant Analysis Results 9.2 REGRESSION ANALYSIS Tariffs, Transport Costs and Characteristics of Australian and Canadian Manufacturing Industries Aspects of diversification Foreign trade performance Foreign conrrol Summary of Regression Analysis Results CHAPTER 10: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 10.1 PROTECTION OF AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN MANUFACTURING: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 10.2 BARRIERS TO AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN TRADE: THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE Barriers to Exports Barriers to Imports 10.3 TRADE BARRIERS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON AUSTRALIAN AND CANADIAN MANUFACTURING Similarities Between Australian and Canadian Industries Differences Between Australian and Canadian Industries The Likely Role of Trade Barriers The "Costs" of Protection 10.4 POLICY PRESCRIPTlONS? Tariffs Transport Costs APPENDIX: 8.1 The Concordance of Australian and Canadian Manufacturing Activities APPENDIX: 8.2 The Data Used in This Study Australia Canada APPENDIX: 8.3 The Distribution of Activity in Australian and Canadian Manufacturing APPENDIX: 9.1 Discriminant Analysis: Some Theoretical Considerations BIBLIOGRAPHY