Disraeli, Gladstone, and the Eastern Question; A Study in Diplomacy and Party Politics, (Norton Library)

In the 1870's "The Eastern Question" split Britain into two camps as no other subject of foreign policy had done. The controversy became centered around the figures of two political titans, Benjamin Disraeli and William Gladstone, and forced immediate policy decisions and eventually a redefinition of British imperialism. Professor Seton-Watson examines the public agitation in England over the Turkish massacres known as "the Bulgarian atrocities" and shows how diplomacy and party politics interacted, altering Britain's traditional policy toward the Turkish Empire. He discusses the Conference of the Powers in 1876, the purposes of the Russian-Turkish war, and the results of the Treaty of San Stefano. He gives an illuminating account of the territorial settlements made at the Congress of Berlin and their effect on the shape of Europe, and offers evidence that from the perspective of later events the triumph belonged not to Disraeli, but to Gladstone. R. W. Seton-Watson has long been recognized as one of the foremost authorities in the field of Eastern European history, and Disraeli, Gladstone and the Eastern Question is the definitive study of the subject. Drawing on previously unpublished Russian diplomatic correspondence, contemporary accounts, and British diplomatic papers, he has examined the course of events from all sides, frequently allowing the protagonists' own words to reveal their motives and bring out the drama of the narrative. Cover DISRAELI, GLADSTONE AND THE EASTERN QUESTION: A STUDY IN DIPLOMACY AND PARTY POLITICS Copyright PREFACE CONTENTS CHAPTER I DISRAELI AND THE NEW IMPERIALISM THE RETURN OF THE CONSERVATIVES BRITAIN AND RUSSIA IN CENTRAL ASIA "EMPRESS OF INDIA" LORD DERBY AT THE FOREIGN OFFICE THE WAR SCARE OF 1875 CHAPTER II THE EASTERN CRISIS THE BOSNIAN INSURRECTION CONSULAR INTERVENTION RUSSIA AND THE "STANDARD" THE TURKISH DEFAULT AND THE SUEZ CANAL COUP THE ANDRASSY NOTE THE BERLIN MEMORANDUM THE TURKISH REVOLUTION DISRAELI'S FIRST OVERTURE TO RUSSIA DISRAELI'S PERSONAL VERDICTS THE REICHSTADT CONVENTION THE SERBIAN WAR CHAPTER III THE BULGARIAN ATROCITIES HOW THE RISING BEGAN DISCUSSIONS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS LORD DERBY AND SIR HENRY ELLIOT THE ATROCITY AGITATION GLADSTONE INTERVENES THE ATTITUDE OF THE CHURCHES THE IMPALEMENT INCIDENT DISRAELI, DERBY AND THE ARMISTICE QUESTION THE SUMAROKOV MISSION BISMARCK AND RUSSIA l3RITAIN AND THE RUSSIAN ULTIMATUM TO TURKEY CHAPTER IV THE CONFERENCE OF CONSTANTINOPLE DERBY'S CONFERENCE PROPOSAL LORD SALISBURY'S MISSION THE "NATIONAL CONVENTION" AT THE ST. JAMES'S HALL OLGA NOVIKOV HUMPHREY SANDWITH THE QUEEN'S VIEW OF PATRIOTISM BISMARCK AND THE EASTERN QUESTION THE CONFERENCE AND THE TURKISH CONSTITUTION THE SECRET CORRESPONDENCE OF SHUVALOV AND IGNATYEV AN EMISSARY OF DISRAELI IN TURKEY BEACONSFIELD DECLINES TO RECALL ELLIOT THE CONFERENCE FAILS IGNATYEV'S REPORT UPON SALISBURY THE SECRET AUSTRO-RUSSIAN AGREEMENT THE DEADLOCK IN EUROPE CHAPTER V THE BATTLE IN PARLIAMENT THE OPPOSITION OPENS FIRE SALISBURY AND PARTITION BEACONSFIELD'S FRESH OVERTURE TO RUSSIA THE IGNATYEV MISSION GLADSTONE AND HARTINGTON THE MARCH PROTOCOL CHAPTER VI THE RUSSO-TURKISH WAR TURKISH CALCULATIONS "BRITISH INTERESTS" LORD DERBY'S NOTE OF 6 MAY OPPOSITION TACTICS THE GLADSTONE RESOLUTIONS GLADSTONE AND CHAMBERLAIN SHUVALOV AND RUSSIAN POLICY THE QUEEN'S ATTITUDE THE BRITISH OVERTURE TO AUSTRIA-HUNGARY LAYARD AND THE TURKS LAYARD AND DISRAELI CONSUL HOLMES AND ARTHUR EVANS BEACONSFIELD RISKS WAR COUNT ANDRASSY'S RESERVES BRITAIN AND EGYPT COLONEL WELLESLEY'S MISSION SERBIA AGAIN PREPARES FOR WAR CHAPTER VII THE GROWTH OF CABINET DISSENSIONS BEACONSFIELD AND SHUVALOV "SEVEN PARTIES" IN A CABINET OF TWELVE PLEVNA AND ITS REACTIONS LAYARD'S DELICATE POSITION A'ITEMPTS AT MEDIATION THE BREACH BETWEEN DERBY AND DISRAELI SALISBURY AND CARNARVON SHUVALOV AND THE OPPOSITION RUSSIAN PLANS ORDERS TO THE FLEET THE TSAR AND FRANCIS JOSEPH CHAPTER VIII THE FINAL BREACH THE OPPOSITION CAMPAIGN RIVAL LITERATURE THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST "RUSSIAN ATROCITIES" PARLIAMENT MEETS BEACONSFIELD'S SECOND OVERTURE TO AUSTRIA DERBY AND CARNARVON RESIGN DERBY IS REINSTATED A FIVE NIGHTS' DEBATE EGYP'TIAN RUMOURS THE SENDING OF THE FLEET DERBY AND SHUVALOV THE PRIME MINISTER'S PLANS THE SEARCH FOR A "PLACE OF ARMS" THE MEDITERRANEAN LEAGUE BISMARCK AS HONEST BROKER THE TREATY OF SAN STEFANO CONFERENCE PROJECTS LONDON IS KEPT WAITING BRITISH COMMENT ON THE TREATY A DISTRACTED OPPOSITION LAYARD AND THE SULTAN LAYARD AND GLADSTONE LORD DERBY'S FINAL RESIGNATION IGNATYEV'S MISSION TO VIENNA GORCHAKOV'S REAL MIND CHAPTER IX SALISBURY AT THE FOREIGN OFFICE LORD DERBY'S SUCCESSOR THE SALISBURY CIRCULAR OF 1 APRIL BEACONSFIELD AND DERBY GATHORNE HARDY AND CROSS VERSUS JOHN BRIGHT AND CHAMBERLAIN INDIAN TROOPS IN EUROPE GLADSTONE AND THE CROWN SALISBURY AND LAYARD SALISBURY AND SHUVALOV SHUVALOV'S MISSION TO ST. PETERSBURG THE SECRET PROTOCOL OF 30 MAY THE ANGLO-TURKISH CONVENTION CHAPTER X THE CONGRESS OF BERLIN THE RÔLE OF BISMARCK THE BRITISH DELEGATES RIVAL FIGURES AT THE CONGRESS A SURVEY OF INCIDENTS (i) Bulgaria (ii) Bosnia (iii) Batum (iv) Cyprus CHAPTER XI THE TREATY OF BERLIN AND ITS RESULTS A SUMMARY AND A CRITICISM RUSSIA AND GERMANY AFTER THE TREATY AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND GERMANY FRENCH POLICY AT BERLIN ITALY AT THE CONGRESS THE BALKAN STATES AND THE CONGRESS (i) Greece (ii) Serbia (iii) Roumania CHAPTER XII "PEACE WITH HONOUR": FROM BERLIN TO MIDLOTHIAN BEACONSFIELD'S WELCOME HOME: THE DISCUSSIONS IN PARLIAMENT KNIGHTSBRIDGE AND THE GUILDHALL THE FINAL DEBATE LAYARD'S REACTIONS TO THE TREATY LORD DERBY'S REVELATIONS THE AFTERMATH OF BERLIN THE ATTITUDE OF MR. PUNCH RIVAL EXTREMES OF COMMENT BRITAIN'S CONTINENTAL AIMS THE TORY GOVERNMENT AND DISSOLUTION THE LIBERALS RENEW THE ATTACK SOUTH AFRICA AND AFGHANISTAN BEACONSFIELD'S SWAN SONG THE MIDLOTHIAN CAMPAIGN AND THE PRINCIPLES OF FOREIGN POLICY EPILOGUE: A CONFRONTATION: DISRAELI, DERBY, SALISBURY, GLADSTONE MAP The Settlement Of Berlin GENERAL INDEX INDEX TO QUOTATIONS FROM UNPUBLISHED SOURCES **In the 1870's "The Eastern Question" split Britain into two camps as no other subject of foreign policy had done. The controversy became centered around the figures of two political titans, Benjamin Disraeli and William Gladstone, and forced immediate policy decisions and eventually a redefinition of British imperialism.** R. W. Seton-Watson has long been recognized as one of the foremost authorities in the field of Eastern European history, and __Disraeli, Gladstone and the Eastern Question__ is the definitive study of the subject. Drawing on previously unpublished Russian diplomatic correspondence, contemporary accounts, and British diplomatic papers, he has examined the course of events from all sides, frequently allowing the protagonists' own words to reveal their motives and bring out the drama of the narrative. Professor Seton-watson Examines The Public Agitation In England Over The Turkish Massacres Known As The 'the Bulgarian Atrocities' And Shows How Diplomacy And Party Politics Interacted, Altering Britain's Traditional Policy Toward The Turkish Empire. He Gives An Illuminating Account Of The Territorial Settlements Made At The Congress Of Berlin And Their Effect On The Shape Of Europe, And Offers Evidence That From The Perspective Of Later Events The Triumph Belonged Not To Disraeli, But To Gladstone.