Discrimination and Privacy in the Information Society: Data Mining and Profiling in Large Databases (Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics Book 3)

Vast amounts of data are nowadays collected, stored and processed, in an effort to assist in making a variety of administrative and governmental decisions. These innovative steps considerably improve the speed, effectiveness and quality of decisions. Analyses are increasingly performed by data mining and profiling technologies that statistically and automatically determine patterns and trends. However, when such practices lead to unwanted or unjustified selections, they may result in unacceptable forms of discrimination. Processing vast amounts of data may lead to situations in which data controllers know many of the characteristics, behaviors and whereabouts of people. In some cases, analysts might know more about individuals than these individuals know about themselves. Judging people by their digital identities sheds a different light on our views of privacy and data protection. This book discusses discrimination and privacy issues related to data mining and profiling practices. It provides technological and regulatory solutions, to problems which arise in these innovative contexts. The book explains that common measures for mitigating privacy and discrimination, such as access controls and anonymity, fail to properly resolve privacy and discrimination concerns. Therefore, new solutions, focusing on technology design, transparency and accountability are called for and set forth. Data Dilemmas In The Information Society : Introduction And Overview / Bart Custers -- What Is Data Mining And How Does It Work? / Toon Calders, Bart Custers -- Why Unbiased Computational Processes Can Lead To Discriminative Decision Procedures / Toon Calders, Indrė Žliobaitė -- A Comparative Analysis Of Anti-discrimination And Data Protection Legislations / Raphaël Gellert [and Others] -- The Discovery Of Discrimination / Dino Pedreschi, Salvatore Ruggieri, Franco Turini -- Discrimination Data Analysis : A Multi-disciplinary Bibliography / Andrea Romei, Salvatore Ruggieri -- Risks Of Profiling And The Limits Of Data Protection Law / Bart Schermer -- Explainable And Non-explainable Discrimination In Classification / Faisal Kamiran, Indrė Žliobaitė -- Knowledge-based Policing : Augmenting Reality With Respect For Privacy / Jan-kees Schakel, Rutger Rienks, Reinier Ruissen -- Combining And Analyzing Judicial Databases / Susan Van Den Braak, Sunil Choenni, Sicco Verwer -- Privacy-preserving Data Mining Techniques : Survey And Challenges / Stan Matwin -- Techniques For Discrimination-free Predictive Models / Faisal Kamiran, Toon Calders, Mykola Pechinizkiy -- Direct And Indirect Discrimination Prevention Methods / Sara Hajian, Josep Domingo-ferrer -- Introducing Positive Discrimination In Predictive Models / Sicco Verwer, Toon Calders -- From Data Minimization To Data Minimumization / Bart Van Der Sloot -- Quality Of Information, The Right To Oblivion And Digital Reputation / Giusella Finocchiaro, Annarita Ricci -- Transparency In Data Mining : From Theory To Practice / Tal Zarsky -- Data Mining As Search : Theoretical Insights And Policy Responses / Tal Zarsky -- The Way Forward / Bart Custers [and Others]. Bart Custers, ... [et Al.]. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages 1-16 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Data Dilemmas in the Information Society: Introduction and Overview....Pages 3-26 What Is Data Mining and How Does It Work?....Pages 27-42 Why Unbiased Computational Processes Can Lead to Discriminative Decision Procedures....Pages 43-57 Front Matter....Pages 59-59 A Comparative Analysis of Anti-Discrimination and Data Protection Legislations....Pages 61-89 The Discovery of Discrimination....Pages 91-108 Discrimination Data Analysis: A Multi-disciplinary Bibliography....Pages 109-135 Risks of Profiling and the Limits of Data Protection Law....Pages 137-152 Front Matter....Pages 153-153 Explainable and Non-explainable Discrimination in Classification....Pages 155-170 Knowledge-Based Policing: Augmenting Reality with Respect for Privacy....Pages 171-189 Combining and Analyzing Judicial Databases....Pages 191-206 Front Matter....Pages 207-207 Privacy-Preserving Data Mining Techniques: Survey and Challenges....Pages 209-221 Techniques for Discrimination-Free Predictive Models....Pages 223-239 Direct and Indirect Discrimination Prevention Methods....Pages 241-254 Introducing Positive Discrimination in Predictive Models....Pages 255-270 Front Matter....Pages 271-271 From Data Minimization to Data Mini mum mization....Pages 273-287 Quality of Information, the Right to Oblivion and Digital Reputation....Pages 289-299 Transparency in Data Mining: From Theory to Practice....Pages 301-324 Data Mining as Search: Theoretical Insights and Policy Responses....Pages 325-338 Front Matter....Pages 339-339 The Way Forward....Pages 341-357 Back Matter....Pages 0--1