Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience : Disaster Socio-Hydrological Resilience and Sustainability

This book is part of a six-volume series on Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience. The series aims to fill in gaps in theory and practice in the Sendai Framework, and provides additional resources, methodologies and communication strategies to enhance the plan for action and targets proposed by the Sendai Framework. The series will appeal to a broad range of researchers, academics, students, policy makers and practitioners in engineering, environmental science and geography, geoscience, emergency management, finance, community adaptation, atmospheric science and information technology.This volume discusses the implementation of socio-hydrological resilience measures to curb the impacts on vulnerable communities of hydrologic diasters such as coastal floods, drought, water scarcity, and thunderstorms. The book provides a framework for sustainable hydrology-community interactions to inform local communities about the best practices to achieve hydrological resilience, and to implement resilient water infrastructure. Hydrological influences on the resilience of a region are comprehensively surveyed, and a'green economy strategy'is described and recommended for achieving climatic and hydrological sustainability. Preface Contents About the Editors Part I: Socio-Hydrological and Socio-Economic Resilience Chapter 1: Modeling Human Dimensions to Reduce the Disaster Risk: A Socio-Hydrological Approach 1 Introduction 2 Socio-Hydrological Systems (SHS) 2.1 Objectives of Socio-Hydrological Systems 2.2 Application of Socio-Hydrological Systems 2.3 Challenges of Socio-Hydrological Systems 2.4 Resilience of Socio-Hydrological Systems 3 Interaction of Human and Natural Systems from Two Perspectives of IWRM and SHS 4 The Role of Socio-Hydrology in Explaining the Relationship Between Humans and Natural Hazards (Reducing Flood Risk Using Socio-Hydrological) 5 Conclusions References Chapter 2: Improvement of Urban Socio-Hydrologic Resilience in Extreme Hydro-Climatic Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Socio-Hydrology: A New Method to Understand Hydrology 3 Urban Socio-Hydrologic Flood and Drought Resilience 4 Conclusions References Chapter 3: Fluvio-Geomorphic Hazard and Its Impact on Socio-economy: A Study on Resilience and Sustainability in Assam 1 Introduction 2 Geo-hydrological Scenario of Assam 3 Hydrological Mayhem in Brahmaputra Valley and Its Impact 3.1 Changes of River Valley 4 Hydro-geomorphic Impact on Socio-economic Development 5 Fluvio-Geomorphic Resilience and Sustainability 6 Conclusions References Part II: Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation Strategy and Education Chapter 4: Effect of Climate Change on the Agricultural System of Hirakud Command Area 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Methodology 3.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 3.2 CROPWAT: 8.0 Software 3.2.1 Crop Water Requirement 3.3 Land Use Land Cover in GIS (LULC Classification) 3.4 Mann-Kendall Test 3.5 Sen’s Slope Estimator 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 PCA in STATISTICA 4.2 LULC in Geographic Information System 4.3 Population Forecasting 4.4 Water Requirement of Crops and Irrigation Scheduling Using CROPWAT 4.5 Mann-Kendall Test and Sen’s Slope Estimator 5 Conclusions References Chapter 5: Mitigating the Negative Effects of Plastic Pollution for Sustainable Economic Growth in Nigeria 1 Introduction 2 Results and Discussion 2.1 Trends of Plastic Usage in Nigeria 2.2 Factors Contributing to Increasing Quantity of Plastic Waste in Nigeria 2.2.1 Improper Disposal of Plastic Wastes 2.2.2 Consumption Pattern 2.2.3 High Population Density 2.2.4 Consumer Ignorance 2.2.5 Lack of Implementation of the National Plastic Waste Management Policy 2.2.6 Poor Waste Management Infrastructure 2.2.7 Packaged Foods, Sachet and Bottled Water Preference 2.3 Strategies for Mitigation of Plastic Pollution in Nigeria 2.3.1 Bioremediation 2.3.2 The Use of 3Rs of Plastic Waste Management 2.3.3 Education, Advocacy and Community Engagement 3 Further Recommendations 4 Conclusions References Chapter 6: Teaching of Climate Change in the Official Documentation: An International Review for Improving the Resilience 1 Introduction 2 Sources and Methodology 3 Results. Education and Climate Change from the International View. Good Intentions Without Concrete Measures 4 Conclusions References Part III: Hydrologic Disasters: Risk Assessment and Mitigation Chapter 7: Hydrologic Disasters: Assessing Hazard and Risks 1 Introduction 2 Assessment of Hazards 2.1 Hydrological Events and Random Variables 2.2 Probability of Events and Distribution Functions of Hydrological Random Variables 2.3 Correlation Among Hydrological Random Variables 2.4 Conditional Probability 2.5 Trend and Autocorrelation in Stochastic Processes 3 Assessment of Risks 3.1 Risk 3.2 Hazard 3.3 Exposure 3.4 Vulnerability 4 Case Studies 4.1 Seveso River in Milano, Italy 4.2 Anhangabaú Watershed, San Paolo, Brazil 5 Conclusions References Chapter 8: Floods in Tutong District, Brunei Darussalam and the Role of Tutong River: Approaches for Mitigation Measures 1 Introduction 2 Data and Methodology 3 Geographical Location, Physical Setting, and Cultural Characteristics of the Case Area 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Sources of Floods in Tutong District in Brunei Darussalam 4.2 Flood Disaster Risk in Tutong District 4.3 The Role of Tutong River for Flooding in the Catchment Area 4.4 The Impact of Floods in Flood-Prone Areas on the Socio-economy 4.5 Flood Mitigation Measures and Solutions 5 Discussions 6 Conclusions References Chapter 9: Adaptation and Resilience Measures in the Face of Extreme Events in Algeria 1 Introduction 2 Population Water Demand, Extreme Events, Adaptation, and Resilience 3 Descriptions of Resilience 4 Main Problems of Water Resources in Algeria 4.1 Climate of the Mediterranean Region 4.2 Climate in Algeria 5 The World’s Water Reserves 5.1 Water Resources in Algeria 5.2 The Natural Characteristics of the Algerian Territory 5.3 Global Water Potential 5.4 Water Situation in Algeria 5.5 Underground Reserves 5.6 Surface Waters 6 Vulnerability of Water Resources to Climate Change in Algeria 6.1 Scarcity of Water Resources 6.2 Disruption of Water Flow 6.3 Evaporation of Surface Water 6.4 Floods 6.5 Drought 7 Climate Change Impacts on Surface Runoff 7.1 Changes Affecting Dam Waters 8 Sustainable Development and Sustainability of Water Resources 9 Developing Socio-hydrological Resilience Planning 10 Increasing Practices to Achieve Socio-hydrological Resilience 11 The Adaptation Strategy in the Water Resources Sector 12 Improved Socio-hydrological Resilience Planning Taking into Account the Education of Future Generations of Specialists 12.1 Mitigation Measures that Will Be Undertaken in Wach Sector of Activity to Ensure Economic Growth, Protection, and Safeguarding of the Environment and Resources 12.1.1 Water Sector 12.1.2 Agriculture Sector 13 Conclusions References Chapter 10: Socio-Hydrological Role of North Africa’s Traditional Water Management Systems Under Extreme Climatic Events 1 Introduction 2 Definition of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) 3 History of Water Management in North Africa (NA) 4 Developing Traditional Knowledge to Address Contemporary Challenges: Promoting Traditional Water Management in Drylands 4.1 Khettara (Foggara, Qanat, Karez) 4.2 Runoff Agriculture 5 The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation 5.1 Reactivation of Traditional Water Management Systems (TWMS) 6 International Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies and Indigenous Peoples 7 Conclusion References Index