Disaster Management and Risk Reduction: Multidisciplinary Perspectives and Approaches in the Indian Context : Proceedings of NERC 2022

This book presents select proceedings of North-East Research Conclave (NERC 2022) that will help pave way toward disaster risk reduction through a holistic and multidisciplinary approach. The book discusses topics, such as rapid pace of climate change, its deleterious effects on nature and natural systems, human interventions in altering the natural geographical and geological systems, widespread urbanization, recurrent unwarranted rainfall and cloud bursts, unprecedented flooding, catastrophic landslides, dam breakages, glacial outbursts, snow avalanches, seismicity and its impacts, liquefaction, and wreaking environmental pollution leading to unimaginable toll on lives, property and economy. The book also discusses approaches to address such issues and frame a refined path towards a sustainable future, such as a three-fold approach like – Awareness, Inferences and Implementations. For this approach, it is ardently necessary to understand the core reasoning behind the disasters, their impact on the socio-economic contexts, and the ways to mitigate them. The book can be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in disaster risk reduction and allied fields. Foreword Preface About IIT Guwahati North East Research Conclave-2022: Toward Sustainable Science and Technology From the Desk of Chairman of Technical Committee of NERC 2022 Contents About the Editors Landslide Early Warning and Susceptibility Zonation of Guwahati City Through Local and Regional Scale Slope Stability Analyses 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 2.1 Location and Topography 2.2 Regional Hydro-geomorphology 2.3 Input Parameters for Local and Regional Scale Analyses 3 Methodology 3.1 Numerical Adaptation for Local-Scale Analysis 3.2 Numerical Adaptation for Regional Scale Analysis 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Structural and Geotechnical Approach of Characterization of the Causes of Meriema Landslide Along the Kohima–Wokha Road Section of the National Highway No. 61, Near Nagaland University-Kohima Campus Approach Road Junction, Nagaland, India 1 Introduction 1.1 Location and Description of Meriema Landslide 2 Geological and Tectonic Setting 2.1 Geology of the Study Area 3 Geological Investigations 3.1 Geological Mapping and Preparation of Geological Profile 3.2 Joint Analysis 4 Geotechnical Investigations 4.1 Specific Gravity Determination 5 Calculation of Maximum Load of Overburden 6 Discussion and Conclusion References Assessment and Analysis of Geotechnical Properties of Saron Veng Landslide, Aizawl, Mizoram 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Field Study 2.2 Geotechnical Investigation 2.3 LEM Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Field Study 3.2 Geotechnical Investigations 3.3 Hydrogeological Data 3.4 Lem Analysis 4 Conclusion References Impact of Heavy Precipitation on Landslide Due to Climate Change and Probable Remedial Measure 1 Introduction 1.1 Impact of Climate Change 1.2 Hydro-geological Studies 2 Study Area 3 Field Observation and Data Collection 4 Application of Geospatial Technology 4.1 Elevation Map 4.2 Slope Map 4.3 Aspect of Slope 4.4 Terrain Ruggedness Index 4.5 Lithology 4.6 Fault Line 5 Objectives 6 Methodology 7 Proposed Remedial Measures 8 Results and Discussion 9 Conclusion References Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Machine Learning Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Dataset Collections 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Dataset Collections 3 Methodology 3.1 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) 3.2 Support Vector Machine (SVM) 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Design of Horizontal Drains for Chanmari Slope Stabilization at Sikkim 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Methodology 3.1 Horizontal Drain Design 3.2 Seepage Analysis 3.3 Stability Analysis 4 Materials 5 Numerical Model 6 Results and Discussion 6.1 Stability Without Drains 6.2 Stability with Drains 7 Conclusion References Establishing Rockfall Hazards Through the Characteristics of Moving Rock Blocks 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Rockfall Simulation 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Effects of the Shape of Rock Blocks 3.2 Effects of the Size of Rock Blocks 3.3 Effects of the Density of Rock Blocks 3.4 Effects of the Sharpness of the Edges of Rock Blocks 3.5 Effect of the Rock Block Characteristics on the Impact Energy Experienced by the Barrier 4 Conclusion References Tunnels, the Sustainable Means of Transportation Pathways in Natural Disaster Prone Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya (DSH) 1 Introduction 2 Seismotectonic Set-Up 3 Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) 4 Earthquakes and Tunnels 5 New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) 6 Conclusion References Subsurface Investigation Using Vertical Electrical Sounding Method to Evaluate Surface Instabilities in Kohima Town, Nagaland 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Study Area 4 Materials and Methods 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References The 2021 Chamoli Disaster: Is It GLOF or LLOF? 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Study Area 4 Critical Insight into the 2021 Chamoli Disaster 5 Processes Involved in the Cascading Hazards 6 Aftermath of the Chamoli Disaster 7 Possible Mitigation 8 Conclusion References Critical Zone Mapping for Hazard Susceptibility Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Site 2.2 Data Sets and Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Pushover Analysis for Seismic Requalification of Pile Foundation 1 Introduction 1.1 General 1.2 Soil-Structure Interaction Using OpenSees PL 1.3 Validation of Seismic Analysis Using OpenSees PL 2 Pushover Analyses of Pile Embedded in Stratified Soil 2.1 Numerical Modeling of Pile-Soil System 2.2 Pushover Analysis Results of Embedded in Stratified Soil 2.3 Determination of Yield Moment of Pile 2.4 Application of Pushover Analysis for Seismic Requalification 2.5 Conclusion References Damage Detection Using Experimentally Obtained Frequency Response Data with an Application of Artificial Neural Network-Based Improved Mode Shape Curvature 1 Introduction 1.1 The Objective of the Present Work 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Frequency Response Function 2.2 Absolute Mode Shape Curvature Difference Method (AMSCD) 2.3 Coherence Function 3 Experimental Setup and Procedure 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Use of Coherence Function in Frequency Response Extraction 4.2 Damage Prediction Using Frequency Response Function 4.3 Influence of Damage on Natural Frequencies 4.4 Analysis of Mode Shapes 4.5 Modeling of Artificial Neural Network 4.6 Use of Absolute Mode Shape Curvature Difference in Damage Detection 5 Conclusions References Impact Assessment of Plastic Strips on Compressive Strength of Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Preparation of Plastic Strips from Plastic Bottle 3 Material and Experimental Details 3.1 Design of Concrete Mix 3.2 Experiment Details 4 Results 5 Conclusions References A Critical Socio-technical Insight of the 2014 Rainfall Induced Mudslide Disaster at Malin, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Geological and Tectonic Setup 4 Landslide Characteristics 5 Chronology of Disaster 6 Aftermath of the Disaster 7 Possible Mitigation and Associated Monitoring 7.1 Mitigation Ways in Malin Landslide 8 Measures to Reduce the Impact of Such Disasters 9 Conclusion References Seismic Risk Mitigation of RC Frame Building in North-East India Using Buckling Restrained Braces 1 Introduction 2 Case Study Building−Finite Element Modelling of Bare and BRB Retrofitted Frame 2.1 Description of Case Study Frame 2.2 Finite Element Modeling of Bare Non-Ductile Frame 2.3 BRB Design for Case-Study Frame 3 Influence of BRB Retrofitting on Seismic Risk 3.1 Seismic Fragility Comparison of Bare and Retrofitted Frame 4 Seismic Risk Reduction of Retrofitted Frame 5 Conclusions References Extreme Events, Resilience and Disaster Management: Lessons from Case Studies 1 Introduction 2 Disaster Management And Resilience 2.1 Disaster & Its Management 2.2 Extreme Event, Damage Cost and Resilience 2.3 Resilience Planning 3 The Case Studies 3.1 Case Study I: Orissa Super Cyclone 1999 3.2 Case Study II: Extremely Severe Cyclone ‘Fani’ 2019 3.3 Case Study-III: Very Severe Cyclone ‘Amphan’ in West Bengal 2020 4 Conclusion Note References Blue-Green Infrastructure: A Possible Connect to Guwahati Smart City 1 Introduction 2 Guwahati City Profile 3 Literature Review 3.1 Guwahati City Problems 3.2 Smart City Programme 3.3 Guwahati SWOT Analysis 3.4 Infrastructural Gaps 3.5 Urban Sustainability Index & Ease of Living Index 3.6 Portland & Copenhagen: Blue-Green Cities 4 Discussion & Research Gap 4.1 Water 4.2 Flood Resilient City 4.3 Permeable Pavement 4.4 Transportation 5 Learnings from a Preliminary Study 6 Conclusion References Precipitation Analysis and Rainfall Forecasting for Kamrup Rural District 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Site 2.2 Data Used 2.3 Statistical Tests for Trend Analysis 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Trend Analysis 3.2 Rainfall Forecasting 4 Conclusion References Role of Climatic Variables on Forest Fire in the State of Mizoram 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Material and Methodology 3.1 Material 3.2 Methodology 4 Result 4.1 Trend Analysis 4.2 Relation Between Climate Variable and Fire Occurrence 5 Discussion and Conclusion Appendix 1 References Spatiotemporal Analysis of Groundwater Status Using RS-GIS Technique in Assam 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area Description 2.2 Methodology 2.3 Statistical Tests for Trend Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Temporal Groundwater-Depth Study 3.2 Annual Groundwater-Level Changes 3.3 Groundwater-Level Trend Analysis 3.4 Pettitt’s Change-Point Test Results 3.5 Significance of the Consequences of Water Resources Management 4 Conclusion References