Digital safety in railway transport -- aspects of management and technology

"This book introduces modern safety management in rail transport, focusing on the challenges resulting from the digital economy. It details how the cybersecurity of railway technical systems and risk can be managed. The rail transport sector is increased integrated into the digital economy. Ensuing the safety of technical systems and managing the rail system as a whole are key challenges for rail transport designers, managers, users and other stakeholders. Developing of rail transport based on the interoperability of different systems requires both searching for modern solutions and ensuring a high level of standardization of processes. In the context of the widespread digitalization of railway systems, new hazards arise that can lead to undesirable events. This book examines these issues. The book will be of interest to rail professionals, and researchers into transport systems and reliability."-- Provided by publisher Introduction 6 Contents 11 About the Authors 16 List of Figures 18 1 Scope and Methodology of Research into Digital Safety Management Mechanisms as a Social Element of the Business Models of Railway Enterprises 22 1.1 General Overview of Scientific Discussion 22 1.2 Theoretical Assumptions 23 References 26 2 Safety Management Mechanisms in Rail Transport 28 2.1 Introduction 28 2.2 The Mechanisms of Efficient Safety Management in Rail Transport 29 2.3 The Mechanisms of the Efficient Management of Railway Sidings 31 2.4 The Mechanisms of Shaping Safety Culture in Rail Transport 32 2.5 The Mechanisms of Ensuring Technical Compatibility and Safe Integration in Rail Transport 34 2.6 The Mechanisms of Ensuring the Safe Operation of Railway Vehicles 38 2.7 Conclusion 40 References 41 3 Digital Business Models and the Rail Transport System 42 3.1 Introduction 42 3.2 The Theory of Cybernetics in the Digitalization Process of the Rail Transport Sector 43 3.3 Digital Business Models in Rail Transport 46 3.4 Social Business Models in Rail Transport and Digital Transformation 48 3.5 Sustainable Business Models in Rail Transport and Safety Criteria 49 3.6 Digital Business Models in Rail Transport in the Context of New Economies 49 3.7 Conclusion 50 References 51 4 Safety Management in Rail Transport: Theoretical Assumptions and Practical Implications 53 4.1 Introduction 53 4.2 The Place and Role of Rail Market Entities in Terms of the Allocation of Responsibility for Safety 54 4.3 The Railway System and Its Technical, Operational and Organizational Determinants 56 4.4 Technological Management in Terms of Improving the Performance of the Technical Railway System and Safety Criteria 57 4.5 Information Management in the Rail Transport Chain and Railway Traffic Safety 61 4.6 The Assumptions of the Functioning of Railway Traffic Control and Management Systems in Terms of Safety 62 4.7 Safe Operation of Railway Vehicles—Key Determinants 64 4.8 The Place and Role of Railway Traffic Safety Management Systems 65 4.9 Conclusion 66 References 67 5 Digital Transformation in Rail Transport—Key Challenges and Barriers 68 5.1 Introduction 68 5.2 Determinants of Digital Transformation in Rail Transport 69 5.3 Directions and Areas of the Digital Transformation of Rail Transport 70 5.4 Assessment of the Digital Maturity of Railway Systems in Technical, Operational and Organizational Terms 71 5.5 Integration in Hybrid, Analog–Digital Railway Systems 72 5.6 Conclusion 74 References 74 6 Digital Safety in Rail Transport—Basic Assumptions 76 6.1 Introduction 76 6.2 Theoretical Assumptions for Defining Rail Transport Digital Safety in Holistic Terms 77 6.3 Cybersecurity in Rail Transport and Technical System Safety—Safety and Security Aspects 80 6.4 The Life Cycle of Railway Systems and the Digital Safety of Technical Systems 82 6.5 Identification, Design and Construction of Safety Criteria in Railway Hardware and Software Solutions 84 6.6 Conclusion 85 References 85 7 The Creation of Digital Innovation in Rail Transport 86 7.1 Introduction 86 7.2 Innovation and the Specificity of Rail Transport 87 7.3 Problems and Barriers to Placing Innovative Solutions in Rail Transport into Service 88 7.4 Technical, Operational and Organizational Innovations and Rail Transport Safety 90 7.5 Testing, Verification and Validation of Innovative Digital Solutions in the Context of Safety Criteria 91 7.6 Innovation and Exchange of Information in Railway Systems—Subjective and Objective Perspectives 92 7.7 Conclusion 93 References 94 8 Emerging Modern Trends and Technologies Increasing the Level of Rail Transport Safety 95 8.1 Introduction 95 8.2 Class a Control Systems as a Determinant of Technological Development and Railway Safety 96 8.3 Artificial Intelligence and its Use in Improving Railway Safety 98 8.4 Simulations, Computer Games, Videos and Virtual Reality (VR) and Railway Traffic Safety Management 99 8.5 The Internet of Things and Interface Management in the Process of Improving Railway Traffic Safety 100 8.6 Predictive Maintenance of Railway Infrastructure and Railway Vehicles in Terms of Safety 101 8.7 Big Data and its assumptions in shaping digital solutions in rail transport 103 8.8 Industry 4.0 and 5.0 and its Assumptions in Shaping Digital Solutions in Rail Transport 106 8.9 A Digital Twin as a Concept of Improving Railway Traffic Safety 107 8.10 Digital Solutions in Rail Transport Taking into Account the Ecological Criteria Used 109 8.11 Digital Solutions in Rail Transport for Communication Systems in Railway Traffic Control 110 8.12 Conclusion 112 References 112 9 Shaping the Safety Culture in Rail Transport by Creating and Implementing Digital Solutions 116 9.1 Introduction 116 9.2 Railway Enterprises as High Reliability Organizations 117 9.3 Organizational Culture of Railway Enterprises and Digital Transformation Processes 118 9.4 Factors Determining the Safety Culture of Railway Enterprises Towards Digital Solutions 119 9.5 Shaping Safety Culture Through the Digital Transformation of Railway Enterprises—A Model 120 9.6 Conclusions 122 References 123 10 Monitoring Safety in Rail Transport by Means of Digital Economy Solutions 125 10.1 Introduction 125 10.2 Theoretical and Practical Assumptions for Monitoring Rail Transport Safety 126 10.3 Methods and Techniques for Monitoring Rail Transport Safety 126 10.4 Digital Solutions in the Rail Transport Safety Monitoring Process 128 10.5 Digital Monitoring Model for Rail Transport Safety 129 10.6 Data Transmission Systems as an Aspect Subject to Safety Monitoring 130 10.7 Conclusions 132 References 134 11 Conceptualization and Operationalization of the Rail Transport Digital Safety Model 135 11.1 Introduction 135 11.2 Digital Technologies Supporting the Development of a Rail Transport Digital Safety Model 136 11.3 Safety Management Methods and Tools Supporting Shaping the Rail Transport Digital Safety Model 137 11.4 A Rail Transport Digital Safety Model 139 11.5 Conclusion 142 12 The Safety Triad in the Business Models of Railway Enterprises (Management–Digitalization–Socialization) 143 12.1 Introduction 143 12.2 Synthesis of the Simultaneous Implementation of the Analog and Digital Layers of Safety Management Mechanisms in Rail Transport 144 12.3 A Hybrid Rail Transport Safety Management Model Based on the Mechanisms of Analog and Digital Layers 145 12.4 Conceptualization of the Safety Triad in the Business Models of Railway Enterprises 146 13 Conclusion—Empirical and Methodical Conclusions 148