بهداشت دیجیتال در آسیا و منطقه خلیج برای سالمندی سالم و جوامع فراگیرتر: شکل‌دهی به آینده دیجیتال (فناوری‌های اطلاعاتی در صنعت بهداشت و درمان)

Digital Healthcare in Asia and Gulf Region for Healthy Aging and More Inclusive Societies: Shaping Digital Future provides insight to the potential of advanced information technologies to build stronger healthcare systems, better quality healthcare services, and more resilient societies. The book covers two important regions: Gulf Region (Bahrein, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and UAE) and Asia, and explores how these countries develop policies for healthy aging and how digital tools can serve these goals. This book delivers a collection of relevant, innovative research works on digital healthcare, with four main goals: (1) to cover two geographical regions (Asia and Gulf Region) with important advances in digital healthcare; (2) to present case studies in the field of IT and digital health during the pandemic and analyze the lessons from these studies; (3) to evaluate the latest advances in the field of digital healthcare (especially Artificial Intelligence [AI], Big Data, Blockchain, and 5G); and (4) to discuss implications for main stakeholders (patients, doctors, IT experts, directors, and policy managers) and recommendations for policy makers in these two regions and elsewhere. Delivers relevant case studies and experiences on digital healthcare from Asia and Gulf Region, covering important advances in digital healthcare Provides recommendations for policy makers in Asia, the Gulf Region, and around the world Discusses implications for main stakeholders (i.e., patients, doctors, IT experts, directors, and policy managers) and recommendations for policy makers in these two regions and elsewhere Investigates the interplay of several important research areas (e.g., digital healthcare, 5G, AI, Big Data, and Blockchain) with an emphasis on healthy aging Front Cover Digital Healthcare in Asia and Gulf Region for Healthy Aging and More Inclusive Societies Copyright Page Contents List of contributors Preface: Navigating digital health transformation in Asian and Gulf Region Introduction About the book Acknowledgments References I. Lessons from Covid-19 pandemic, healthcare services, and preparedness for the future 1 Can digital and social media change access to healthcare information? Introduction Website management Apps E-detailing Augmented reality Virtual reality Sensor-based technology Telehealth Digital and social media Competencies of digital marketing Digital marketing and brand health Conclusion Authorship statement Conflict of interest References 2 Food safety and online food delivery apps post-COVID-19 in Greater Jakarta—Indonesia Introduction Literature review Research method Discussions Conclusions References 3 Technology for early detection and diagnosis of mental disorders: An evidence synthesis Introduction Mobile health applications Wearable health devices Telemedicine and telemental health Health information systems Social media and online communities Artificial intelligence and data analytics Machine learning Virtual reality, augmented eeality, and mixed reality Gamification Applications of health technologies Machine learning tools Telehealth systems and telemental health technologies Strengths and limitations of technology National-level integration and capacity building for digital healthcare Need for policy Ethical guidelines and data privacy considerations Quality assurance and standardization Data integrity, regulatory frameworks, and clinical oversight Conclusion References 4 Critical analysis of digital mental health applications for healthy aging Introduction Digital health and digital mental health Digital applications for healthy aging Telemedicine and telehealth Wearable devices Mobile health applications Digital cognitive training Medication management apps Virtual reality applications Purpose and application of digital health applications for healthy aging Health monitoring and management Remote consultations and telemedicine Social connectivity and reduction in isolation Mental well-being and therapy Disease monitoring and management Critical analysis of digital health applications for healthy aging Older people’s user experience with digital health applications The potential role of digital health applications: a comment on integrating ethical and practical concerns Need for guidelines Conclusion References II. Healthcare systems and healthcare workforce: toward digital transformation 5 Opportunities and challenges facing the accounting information system in medical institutions when adopting Internet of T... Introduction Previous studies Opportunities of the Internet of Things for the accounting system in medical institutions Challenges facing the accounting information system with the use of the Internet of Things in medical institutions Conclusion References 6 The future of digital health in the era of space internet Introduction Connecting the world: the resurgence of low Earth orbit satellite constellations and global internet access Space internet: bridging the healthcare gap in remote and underserved regions Revolutionizing remote surgery: space internet and digital healthcare integration Space internet as a new frontier in real-time monitoring and prevention Astronaut health beyond earth: the role of space internet in transforming space exploration Guardians of astronaut health: the role of space internet in extraterrestrial habitats monitoring For microgravity to medicine: the key role of space internet in space healthcare research Toward a digital health transformation: challenges and opportunities in space technology integration Blockchain technology in space health records: ensuring security and privacy Equitable access to space internet: a key to global healthcare Digital health and space internet: pioneering the future of healthcare Space internet revolution: transforming healthcare in Asia and the Gulf region Conclusion References 7 Sleep stage classification using a convolutional neural network based on heart rate variability features Introduction Literature review Methods Dataset Preprocessing data Feature extraction Convolutional neural network method Hyperparameter Results Preprocessing data result Hyperparameter test scenario Convolutional neural network first scenario Convolutional neural network second scenario Convolutional neural network third scenario Experiment result and comparison Methods comparison Conclusion Acknowledgments References 8 Application of artificial intelligence and digitalization in medical education and various surgical specialities: concern... Introduction Defining digital health Telemedicine in India Surgery and digitalization Introduction Future of surgical robotics and artificial intelligence Human control versus autonomy Controlling and teaching the robot Autonomous robotic surgery in adverse environments Increasing global access to surgical care Intensive care and health digitalization Surgical training and digitalization Digitalization and medical education Digitalization and women’s health Artificial intelligence and women’s perspectives on mental healthcare Fetal heart monitoring and pregnancy surveillance Gestational diabetes mellitus Preterm labor and artificial intelligence Ovarian cancer screening and digitalization Fertility and digitalization Applications of artificial intelligence in orthopedic surgery Introduction Joint reconstructions Automated image-based diagnosis Automated implant evaluation Trauma and artificial intelligence Prediction of outcome and artificial intelligence References III. National healthcare visions and digital transformation of healthcare services and infrastructures in Asia 9 Telehealth services for aging patients in Pakistan: Understanding challenges and developing regionally relevant support t... Geriatric care in Pakistan Telehealth services for the elderly in Pakistan Providers’ challenges in delivering telehealth services Technological problems and telehealth staff inefficiencies Negative effect on work-life balance Inability to assess physical characteristics of patients and confirm diagnosis Delays in treatment and lack of follow-up by the patient Not suitable for new patients and should not be considered a substitute for in-person visits Elderly patients’ challenges in receiving services Discomfort in using technology and limited access to quality internet and technology Time delays and long waiting periods Cost issues and difficulty in transferring payments Difficulty in communicating and dependence on others, which compromises confidentiality Little time for meeting with provider and inability to obtain comprehensive information Waste of time and money, as have to follow up with a physical visit Telehealth as an isolated intervention does not solve the problem The way forward for sustainable telehealth for elderly patients Health sector Maintaining a hybrid model and multidisciplinary online services Public health sector services and screening the elderly for telehealth services Mandatory and consistent regulation and training of providers Education sector Digital literacy in aging populations Literacy of family members and care providers State interventions Developing national telehealth guidelines Monitoring and evaluation Improved technological infrastructure and resources Wider subset of protective services for the elderly Conclusion References 10 Digital health in ASEAN an exploratory analysis Introduction Literature review Digital health — ASEAN Digital Master Plan 2025 ASEAN healthcare spending Global Digital Health Monitor Methodology Analysis and discussion Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam Conclusion References 11 A comparative evaluation of the use of social media platforms by multinational and Indian pharmaceutical companies Introduction Methods Results Social medial accounts of MNC pharma companies Popular social media accounts and reach Presence on emerging social media platforms Social media accounts of Indian pharmaceutical companies Social media accounts and reach Discussion Conclusion References 12 Digital transformation of myopic retinopathy: insights from the Asian perspective Introduction Definition of myopic retinopathy Epidemiology of myopic retinopathy Asia and Western populations The Gulf region Detection and monitoring of myopic retinopathy Bridging classic biometry with advanced optical coherence tomography techniques Artificial intelligence in myopia retinopathy diagnostics Telemedicine and remote diagnosis Advancements in telemedicine and artificial intelligence integration in ophthalmic care Challenges in teleophthalmology Limitations in emulating traditional eye examinations Infrastructure and staffing constraints Physician’s duty and associated risks Influences on patient reception and satisfaction in telemedicine Cybersecurity and privacy implications Tackling myopia: global initiatives and China’s strategic approach Novel therapeutic approaches for high myopia Repeated low-intensity red light therapy Stem cell therapy for myopic maculopathy Gene therapy for high myopia Conclusions and future perspectives Future perspectives References 13 Healthcare travel resilience through digital healthcare adoption: lessons from Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic Introduction The evolution from traditional to the digital healthcare system The growth and trend of digital healthcare in Asia The evolution and growth of the healthcare travel industry in Asia COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on the healthcare travel industry Impact of digital healthcare on the relevant stakeholders during the pandemic Case study–keeping the healthcare travel industry relevant in Penang, Malaysia, during COVID-19 pandemic: the adoption of d... Conclusion References 14 AI-powered digital health: bridging the gap for elderly populations in the evolving healthcare ecosystem Introduction Digital health Challenges for digital health Aritificial intelligence in digital health Aging Asia and digital health Methodology Analysis Discussion Conclusion References 15 Digital transformation of healthcare services and infrastructure in Asia: the metaverse bound? Introduction The growth and trend of digital healthcare Artificial intelligence Robotics Virtual reality Improvements in diagnostic VR-based treatments Healthcare training Augmented reality Wearables Blockchain Metaverse at a glance Challenges/concerns in metaverse Metaverse in healthcare Challenges/concerns in metaverse healthcare Precautions of digital transformation in the metaverse setting Case study: Metaversepital—potential of shaping healthcare in metaverse in Asia Goals Features Conclusion References IV. National healthcare visions and digital transformation of healthcare services and infrastructures in gulf region 16 The role of big data in healthcare in Gulf region Introduction Characteristics of big data Big data challenges Big data sources Impact the big data on the health sector Previous studies Big data and healthcare are international experiences Big data and healthcare in Estonia Big data and healthcare Germany Big data and healthcare in Japan The impact of big data on healthcare in the GCC countries United Arab Emirates Sultanate of Oman Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Conclusion References 17 Artificial intelligence and the delivery of patient-centered care in the Gulf region: navigating the ethical landscape Introduction Overview of artificial intelligence technologies in healthcare Healthcare systems in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries The Healthcare system in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries Challenges facing the healthcare system in Gulf Cooperation Council Tackling the challenges Attention to artificial intelligence in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries Artificial intelligence tools and the patient–doctor relationship Critical aspects of the patient–doctor relationship The patient–doctor relationship and patient centricity in the healthcare Potentials for enhancing the patient–doctor relationship Potential threats to the patient–doctor relationship Summary and recommendations Education Medical education Patient’s education Healthcare policy Disclosure References 18 Ensuring governance for quality, safety, and efficiency of medicines in the state of Kuwait: a call for action Introduction Kuwait's medicine management system: status and issues The medicine management system for Kuwait Preconditions Medicine registration and pricing National essential medicine management Information reporting channel of medicine use and market flow Management of the off-label medicine use Medicine safety and risk management Recommended steps for health digitization Initial diagnosis Goals, priorities, and key performance indicators Mapping of technologies and processes Security and privacy Continuous innovation and execution Digital disruptors and collaboration Conclusion References 19 Telehealth: business models and commercialization Introduction Reasons for success and failure of telehealth projects Infrastructures needed to implement telehealth Responsibility for providing telehealth services and ethico-legal issues Reimbursement of telehealth services Rules, standards, and license for telehealth services Cooperation with different stakeholders Organizational factors Economic factors Willingness of clinical staff and patients to use telehealth services Commercialization of telehealth projects Business model Different approaches in applying business models Business model components Different types of business models Osterwalder’s business model canvas Ash Maurya’s lean canvas The STOF business model Using business models in telehealth businesses The VISOR business model The CompBizMod framework The 4P telehealth business framework for Iran: a case study Conclusion References V. Trends and Implications for healthcare research agenda and policy 20 Healthcare transformed: a comprehensive survey of artificial intelligence trends in healthcare industries Introduction Artificial intelligence in healthcare industries Deep learning Deep learning in healthcare Convolution neural network in image processing Symbolic artificial intelligence Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence Symbolism Connectionism Combining connectionism and symbolism Neural-symbolic integration Logical neural network Knowledge graph Knowledge-infused learning Neural-symbolic reasoning systems Learning for reasoning Reasoning for learning Regularization models Knowledge transfer models Learning–reasoning Bidirectional interaction Iterative exchange Enhanced problem-solving Noncommunicable diseases in Asia Rare disease prediction Application of neural-symbolic artificial intelligence Alzheimer’s disease prediction Automatic regeneration for spinal medical report generation Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence in mental healthcare Explainable artificial intelligence Example of an explainable neural-symbolic model Current trends in different applications using explainable artificial intelligence Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence for early diagnosis of diseases Conclusion References 21 The evolution and challenges of healthcare policy and research in the Middle East Introduction Background Historical perspective Current landscape Leading institutions and centers of excellence Challenges Opportunities for advancement Collaboration with international institutions Role of public–private partnerships Implications for policy Ensuring evidence-based policymaking Balancing short-term needs with long-term goals Prioritizing areas of research Incorporating patient and community perspectives Aligning research with national and regional healthcare goals Conclusion and future agenda References Index Back Cover