Digital Freedom

In the present age of the digital era, the terms digitalization, emerging technologies, and social media have become buzzwords. Among all the innovations in our history, digital technology has advanced the fastest. With the freedom of digitalization, emerging technologies, and high-speed internet, computing devices may now work remotely. Every industry, including banking and finance, healthcare, agriculture, logistics, academia, government sectors, and businesses, has recognized the need for innovative digital technologies for their development, boosting efficiency and speed and cutting costs. Digitalization has also converted non-digital applications into digital ones to make things easier for people, at the same time that social media has an increasingly significant impact on human lives and industries. Consequently, the primary goal of this book is to explain to readers how newly emerging digital technologies and social media have significantly altered and aided in the growth of today's organizations and how the freedom of using these technologies has proved to be beneficial, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic that has affected the entire world. This book demonstrates its argument by providing real-world cases from both developed and developing nations, particularly India. The book also investigates how digital transformation may help every industry and organization be more agile and efficient. Readers will learn about the main goals of digital initiatives that have been launched to create a digitally empowered society worldwide. In this book, the benefits and challenges of digitization, digital tools, and other technologies in diverse fields are also examined. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Foreword Preface Organization of the Book Teachers, Students, and Non-Academic Persons Acknowledgments Author Biographies Abbreviations 1 Digitalization Summary 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 What Is “Digital”? 1.1.2 What Is Digital Freedom? 1.2 Digital Transformation 1.2.1 Technological Advancements 1.2.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Searching and AI Knowledge Representation (KR) Machine Learning 1.2.3 Internet of Things (IoT) IoT Technologies IoT Features IoT Improves Life IoT Protocols 1.2.4 Augmented Reality Augmented Reality (AR) Vs. Virtual Reality (VR) 1.2.5 Real-World Cases (1–2) 1.3 Why IS DIGITIZATION Important? 1.3.1 Digital Users Internet 1.3.2 Rise of Smartphone Use 1.3.3 Real-World Cases (1–2) 1.4 What Is a Digital Right? 1.4.1 Important Objectives of Digital Rights 1.4.2 Responsibilities in Digital Rights 1.4.3 What Is “Digital Citizenship”? Important Elements of Digital Citizenship 1.5 Core Elements of Digital Freedom 1.5.1 Freedom of Communications 1.5.2 Freedom of Expression in a Digital Age 1.5.3 Digital Freedom in the COVID-19 Pandemic 1.6 Digital Democracy/e-Democracy 1.6.1 What Is Digital Democracy? E-Participation E-Governance 1.6.2 ICT and Corruption 1.6.3 Real-World Cases 1.7 Challenges and Difficulties (Nagaraja, 2016) 1.8 Chapter Conclusion References 2 Social Media and Digital Freedom Summary 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Academic Opinions On Social Media 2.1.2 Social Media Vs. Other Media 2.1.3 Types of Social Media 2.2 The Art of Social NetworkING 2.2.1 Benchmarks of Social Networks 2.3 Role of Social Media in the Digital Age 2.3.1 Justifications for Using Social Media in the Digital Age 2.3.2 Freedom of Expression, Speech, and Social Media Restrictions On Freedom of Speech and Expression 2.3.3 Social Media Censorship External Instigation for Censorship 2.3.4 Real-World Cases (1–6) Internal Instigation for Censorship 2.4 Online Hate Speech On Social Media 2.4.1 Hate Speech 2.4.2 Impact of Social Media and Hate Speech 2.4.3 Global Hate Speech 2.4.4 Real-World Cases (1–3) 2.5 Social Media Users in Asia-Pacific Countries 2.5.1 WhatsApp Users in India and the World 2.5.2 Facebook Users in Asian Countries 2.5.3 Mobile Platforms in Asia Connectivity 2.5.4 Current Trends in Media and Social Change 2.5.5 Real-World Cases 2.6 The Rise of E-Violence and Cybercrimes On Social Media 2.6.1 Different Types of Cyber Crimes 2.6.2 Most Common Types of Cyber Crimes 2.6.3 Cybercrimes On Social Media 2.6.4 Prevention and Security Measures 2.6.5 Advanced Technologies to Stop Cyber Attacks 2.6.6 Combating Cybercrime: Challenges 2.6.7 Initiatives for Combating Cybercrimes 2.6.8 Real-World Cases (1–3) 2.7 Social Media AND Politics 2.7.1 Polarization Through Social Media 2.7.2 Real-World Cases (1–3) 2.8 Chapter Conclusion Exercises References 3 Cyber Laws Summary 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Types of Cyber Law 3.1.2 Advantages of Cyber Law 3.2 Cyber Laws in the World 3.2.1 United Nations 3.2.2 Europe (European Convention On Human Rights, Rome, 4.XI. (1950)) 3.2.3 Council of the European Union 3.2.4 Australia (Office of Parliamentary Counsel, 2017) Section 80.2A: Urging for Violence Against Groups 3.2.5 Austria New Legislation Against Online Hate Speech (Epicenter.works, 2020) 3.2.6 Turkey Law No. 5651 (Official Gazette, 2020) 3.2.7 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Public Order Act, 1986)1 Section 21: Distributing, Showing Or Playing a Recording. Section 23: Possession of Racially Inflammatory Material. Section 29B: Use of Words Or Behaviour Or Display of Written Material Section 29C: Publishing Or Distributing Written Material Section 29D: Public Performance of a Play Section 29E: Distributing, Showing Or Playing a Recording Section 29J: Protection of Freedom of Expression 3.2.8 Venezuela (Nicholas, 2018) Article 14: Social Networks’ Responsibility 3.2.9 Vietnam Cybersecurity Law (Everus, 2018) 3.2.10 Brazil (Baretto Et Al.) 3.2.11 Canada (Callegari, 2022) 3.2.12 Real-World Cases 3.3 Cyber Laws in African Countries 3.3.1 South Africa (Government Gazette, Republic of South Africa) Illegal Interference of Data Or a Computer Program 3.3.2 South Sudan (Wanyama, 2021) 3.3.3 Ethiopia 3.3.4 Kenya (CIVIC SPACE, 2020) Article 13: Hate Speech 3.4 Cyber Laws in Asian Countries 3.4.1 Bangladesh 3.4.2 China (Creemers, Webster, and Triolo, 2018) 3.4.3 India The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (The Indian Penal Code, 1860, Act 45 of 1860) The Companies Act of 2013 Information Technology Act, 2000, and Social Media The Information Technology Act, 2000 The Information Technology (Procedure and Safeguards of Interception, Monitoring, and Decryption of Information) Rules, 2009 3.4.4 Indonesia (Kusbianto Et Al., 2020) 3.4.5 Nepal (Nepal’s Constitution of 2015) 3.4.6 Pakistan (Details of IPC Sections 153A, 295 & 295A) 3.4.7 Real-World Case 3.5 Non-Legal Measures 3.6 Challenges in Cyber Laws: Indian Scenario 3.7 Technological, Ethical, and Social Challenges 3.7.1 Technological Challenges 3.7.2 Ethical Challenges 3.7.3 Social Challenges 3.7.4 Social Challenges Within the LBGT Community 3.8 Chapter Conclusion Exercises References 4 Pros and Cons of Digitalization Summary 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Advantages of Digitalization Social Connectivity Communication Speeds Digital Devices Are Portable Digital Learning Opportunities Automation Information Storage Editing Exact Duplication GPS and Mapping Transportation and Logistics Entertainment Industry Warfare Digital Banking Digitization of Restaurants/Digital Kitchen Cryptocurrency The Dark Web 4.3 Disadvantages and Challenges of Digitalization Data Security Protecting Privacy Poor Students’ Academic Performance Crime and Terrorism Social Disconnect Work Overload Digital Media Manipulation Complexity Job Insecurity Plagiarism and Intellectual Property Anonymity and Fake Personas Overreliance On Gadgets Addiction Artificial Living Style Organization and Storage of Data Longevity Social Alienation Psychological Effects Physical Health Issues Poor Body Posture Reduced Physical Activity Cryptocurrencies The Dark Web 4.4 Chapter Conclusion References 5 Digital Education and Digital Library Summary 5.1 Digital Education 5.1.1 Digital Freedom in Education 5.1.2 Digital Education System Advantages of Digital Education System Interactive Learning Learn From Home Cost-Effective Smarter Students Recorded Lectures 24-Hour Resources Available Makes Students Self-Motivated Awareness of the Latest Technology It’s Fun to Learn Online 5.1.3 Component of Digital Education 5.1.4 Impact of Digital Tools On Education Benefits of Digital Tools to Universities 5.1.5 Real-World Case 5.2 Technological Trends in Digital Education 5.2.1 AI in Digital Education Digital Classroom/Flipped Classrooms 5.2.2 Real-World Case 5.3 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Education 5.3.1 Database in Digital Education Database Management Concept of Database Datatype Table Field Record File Database Database Structure 5.3.2 Networking and Telecommunication in Digital Education Networking Telecommunication Trends of Technology Software in DE 5.3.3 Changes in Digital Education During COVID-19 5.3.4 Real-World Cases (1–2) 5.4 Digitalization of Higher Education 5.4.1 Digital Libraries Definition of a Digital Library Types of Digital Libraries (Chowdhury and Chowdhury, 2003) E-Books 5.4.2 Key Drivers for Online Education 5.4.3 Benefits and Challenges of Digital Libraries Benefits of Digital Libraries in Higher Education Challenges of Digital Libraries 5.4.4 Distance Education System E-Learning Process 5.4.5 Real-World Cases (1–3 of India) 5.5 Digital Evaluation 5.5.1 Monitoring 5.5.2 Evaluation Role of Evaluation 5.6 Privacy and Security 5.6.1 Personal Data and Its Importance The Importance of Privacy 5.6.2 Threat to Privacy Weak and Repeated Passwords Oversharing IoT Devices 5.7 Chapter Conclusion Exercises References 6 Digital Healthcare Summary 6.1 Introduction 6.2 What Is Digital Health? 6.2.1 A Few Definitions of Digital Health 6.2.2 Components of Digital Health 6.3 Growing Demand for the Digital Healthcare Market 6.3.1 Global Digital Healthcare Market 6.4 Medical Expert Systems 6.5 Impact of Information Systems in Digital Healthcare 6.5.1 Structure of Health Information Systems 6.5.2 Categories of Health Information Systems 6.5.3 Data and Information in Digital Healthcare Big Data in Health Information Systems 6.5.4 Integration of Electronic Health Records (EHR) in Healthcare 6.5.5 Applications of Health Information Systems 6.6 Digital Health Technologies 6.6.1 Telemedicine and Telehealth Telehealth Mobile Health 6.6.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Health Robotics and Robot-Assisted Surgery Surgical Robots Socially Assistive Robots Healthcare Service Robots Advantages of Robotics in Healthcare The Internet of Medical Things Medical Virtual Assistants 6.6.3 Electronic Health Records (HER) Point-of-care Tests (POCD) E-Pharmacy Benefits of E-Pharmacies Self-monitoring Healthcare Devices Health Service Aggregation 6.6.4 Real-World Case: India 6.7 Transforming Factors of THE Digital Health Industry 6.7.1 Foreign Investments in Digital Health 6.7.2 Global Digital Health Initiatives and Strategies 6.7.3 Real-World Cases (1–2) 6.8 Chapter Conclusion References 7 Digital Agriculture and Digitalization in Food Industries Summary 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Concept of Digital Agriculture 7.2 Need for Digitization in THE Agriculture Industry 7.3 Market Potential for Digital Agriculture 7.4 Digital Agriculture Technologies 7.4.1 Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture Application of AI in Agriculture Image Processing Convolutional Neural Network AI Helps in Pest and Weed Management AI Improves Water Management 7.4.2 Big Data in Agriculture Application of Big Data in Agriculture 7.4.3 Agricultural Drones 7.4.4 Internet of Things in Agriculture 7.4.5 Impact of Digital Communication Tools On Agriculture Agriculture Development and Social Media Development of Agriculture With Mobile Phones and the Internet WhatsApp Applications in Agriculture 7.4.6 Other Digital Tools and Technologies in Agriculture Machine Learning (ML) in Agriculture Nanoscience and Technology Geospatial Farming Global Positioning System and Geographic Information Systems 7.5 Digitalization in the Food Industry 7.5.1 Digital Transformation in the Food Industry 7.5.2 Digital Sensors in the Food Industry 7.5.3 Use of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in the Food Industry Impact of Robotics On Food Industries Systems for Measuring Temperature 7.5.4 Blockchain Technology Applications of Blockchain in the Food Industry 7.5.5 Internet of Things (IoT) in the Food Industry Applications of IoT in the Food Industry 7.5.6 Role of 3D Food Printers 7.6 Chapter Conclusion Exercises References 8 Digital Banking and Finance Summary 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 What Is Digital Banking? 8.1.2 Components of Digital Banking Data Analytics Technical Proficiency Digital Leadership Integrating Sustainability Concentrated Organization Digital Methods of Operation 8.2 Increasing Relevance of Digital Banking 8.2.1 Digital Transformation of Banking 8.2.2 Technological Revolution of Banking 8.2.3 Emerging Technologies in Digital Banking Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Digital Banking Applications of AI in Banks The Role of Robotics in Digital Banking Applications of RPA in Banks Blockchain Technology (BCT) Augmented Reality (AR) Application Programming Interface (APIs) 8.3 Impact of Digitalization in Banking 8.3.1 Benefits of Digital Banking System 8.4 What Is Digital Payment? 8.4.1 The New Frontiers in Digital Payments Bank Card Payments E-Payments Mobile Payments Cryptocurrency 8.4.2 Real-World Case What Is Digital Finance? What Is FinTech? What Is BigTech? 8.5 Digital Finance Sector 8.5.1 Impact of Financial Technology (FinTech) 8.5.2 Influence of FinTech On the Financial Sector 8.6 Chapter Conclusion References 9 Digital Logistics Summary 9.1 Introduction What Is Digital Logistics? 9.1.1 Components of Logistics 9.2 Need for Digitalization in Logistics 9.3 Impact of Digitalization On the Logistics Industry 9.3.1 The Impact of Digital Technologies On Logistics IoT and Logistics Industry Benefits of IoT in the Logistics Industry Consumer Benefits From IoT AI in Shipping and Logistics Autonomous Technology Applications of Machine Learning in the Logistics Industry Cloud Computing in Logistics 9.4 Logistics Using Fleet Telematics Advantages of Fleet Telematics in the Logistics Industry (Shaikh, 2022) 9.5 Efficiency in Logistics’ Effect On Economic Development 9.5.1 The Value of Transportation Infrastructure to the Economy 9.5.2 Driving Forces for the Development of Transportation Systems Road Infrastructure Airport Infrastructure Railway Infrastructure 9.5.3 The Effect of Transportation Costs On Economic Growth 9.5.4 Cost-Effective Transportation Management 9.5.5 Real-World Cases 9.6 Chapter Conclusion References 10 E-Commerce Digitalization Summary 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 Digital Shopping Applications 10.2 The Concept of E-Commerce 10.2.1 Types of E-Commerce 10.2.2 Role of Digitalization in E-Commerce Markets 10.2.3 The World’s Fastest-Growing Digital Market 10.2.4 Factors for E-Commerce Growth 10.3 Current Trends and Future Prospects of E-Commerce 10.3.1 Digital Platforms in E-Commerce Types of Platforms and Business Models 10.3.2 Digital Technologies in E-Commerce Growth Big Data Applications in E-Commerce Artificial Intelligence in E-Commerce Impact of Artificial Intelligence in E-Commerce Blockchain Technology Cloud Computing in E-Commerce Use of Mobile Phones and Mobile Devices Use of Social Media Platforms Use of 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing 10.3.3 Impact of E-Payment On E-Commerce Growth Advantages of E-Payment Systems for the E-Commerce Industry 10.3.4 Real-World Cases (1–2) 10.4 Connectives of Logistics and E-Commerce 10.4.1 E-Commerce and Logistics Management System 10.4.2 E-Commerce Impact in Logistics Merits of M-Commerce Demerits of M-Commerce 10.5 E-Commerce Challenges 10.6 M-Commerce 10.7 Chapter Conclusion References Index