Digital Business and Intelligent Systems: 15th International Baltic Conference, Baltic DB&IS 2022, Riga, Latvia, July 4–6, 2022, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Baltic Conference on Digital Business and Intelligent Systems, Baltic DB&IS 2022, held in Riga, Latvia, in July 2022. The 16 revised full papers and 1 short paper presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. The papers are centered around topics like architectures and quality of information systems, artificial intelligence in information systems, data and knowledge engineering, enterprise and information systems engineering, security of information systems. Preface 6 Organization 8 Contents 12 Computer Science Models, Methods, Algorithms, and Tools for Digital Business 14 Elevator Passenger In-Cabin Behaviour – A Study on Smart-Elevator Platform 15 1 Introduction 15 2 Related Works 16 3 Smart Elevator System 17 4 Study Setup and Experiments 19 4.1 Passenger Location Analysis Model 19 4.2 Ground Truth Study 20 4.3 Static Stand Positions 21 4.4 Continuous Position Detection for a Path 23 5 Behaviour Analysis 24 5.1 RQ1: Preferred Standing Positions 24 5.2 RQ2: Preferred Standing Position for Successive Travels 26 5.3 RQ3: Recurring Movement Flow Patterns 27 6 Conclusions 28 References 29 Efficient Access Control to Parking Space for Different Customer Segments 31 1 Introduction 31 2 Related Work 32 3 Approach for Data-Driven Control of Parking Lots 33 3.1 Estimate of Departures 34 3.2 Capacity of Parking Lots for Public Customers 35 4 Case Study 36 4.1 Unused Parking Space 37 4.2 Implementation 38 4.3 Results 38 5 Summary and Outlook 40 References 41 On Web Service Quality Using Multi-criteria Decision-Making and Fuzzy Inference Methods 43 1 Introduction 43 2 Related Work 44 3 Determining QoS Performance Values 46 3.1 QoS Performance Model 46 3.2 Fuzzy Control System for QoS Performance Value Prediction 47 3.3 Forming Decision-Making Space 47 3.4 WASPAS for Determining QoS Performance 48 3.5 TOPSIS for Determining QoS Performance 48 3.6 Determining Correlation 49 4 Case Study and Results 50 4.1 QoS Performance Value Prediction Using FCS 50 4.2 Determining QoS Performance Values by FCS, WASPAS and TOPSIS 52 5 Discussion 54 6 Conclusions 55 References 56 Universal Methodology for Objective Determination of Key Performance Indicators of Socioeconomic Processes 59 1 Introduction. More Data is Better, But is It All Significant? 59 2 Regression Analysis: A Suitable Mathematical Tool 61 3 Methodology: Sequential Steps 63 3.1 Determination of the Target Variable 63 3.2 Selection of Independent Variables 64 3.3 Linear Modelling: KPI Computing 65 3.4 Adding Nonlinearity: Specification of KPIs Weighting 67 3.5 Stability and Sustainability Testing 68 4 Results and Conclusions 70 References 72 Knowledge and Knowledge Technologies for Digital Business and Intelligent Systems 75 Automatic Speech Recognition Model Adaptation to Medical Domain Using Untranscribed Audio 76 1 Introduction 76 2 Related Work 77 3 Method 79 3.1 Semi-supervised Training of ASR with Error Detection 79 3.2 Speech Recognition 80 3.3 Language Model Adaptation 81 3.4 Data 81 4 Results 82 4.1 Adaptation to the Epicrises Domain 82 4.2 Adaptation to Psychiatry Domain 84 4.3 Adaptation to the Radiology Domain 86 5 Conclusion and Future Work 88 References 89 On the Automatisation of the Realisation of a Banduke Table 91 1 Introduction 91 2 Preliminary Analysis of Banduke Tables 92 2.1 Writing System 92 2.2 Table Content and Structure 93 3 Methodology 95 3.1 Character Rendering 95 3.2 Character Stretching and Kerning 95 3.3 Character String Filling and Margins 98 4 Experimental Evaluation 98 4.1 Experimental Conditions and Results 98 4.2 Discussion of the Results 99 5 Conclusions 101 A Complete Sample Output 101 References 103 Improved Content Model in Personalized Adaptive E-Learning System 104 1 Introduction 104 2 Definitions and Assumptions 106 2.1 Digitalization 106 2.2 Digital Transformation 107 3 Background 107 3.1 Learner Model 108 3.2 Adaptation Model 109 3.3 Content Model 109 4 Evaluation of the E-Learning System LMPAELS 110 5 Experiment and Data Analysis 111 5.1 Survey Description 111 5.2 Respondents Description 112 5.3 Results 113 5.4 Evaluation of the Results 114 6 Improved Content Model 114 7 Related Work 115 8 Conclusions 116 References 117 IT Support for Digital Transformation 119 The Direction of the Future Development of ERP and BPMS: Towards a Single Unified Class? 120 1 Introduction 120 2 Methodology 121 3 Enterprise Resources Planning Systems 121 4 Business Process Management Suites 123 5 Goals and CSFs for the Implementation of ERP and BPMS 126 6 Conclusions 130 References 130 Using Topological Functioning Model to Support Event-Driven Solutions 134 1 Introduction 134 2 Topological Functioning Model and Event-Driven Solutions 135 2.1 Topological Functioning Model 135 2.2 Event-Driven Solutions 136 3 Case Study 137 3.1 Problem Domain Description, Analysis and Creation of Topological Functioning Model 137 3.2 Transformation from Topological Functioning Model to Event-Driven Solution 138 4 Related Works 143 5 Conclusions 143 References 144 Temporal Multi-view Contracts for Efficient Test Models 145 1 Introduction 145 2 Climate Control System 146 3 Preliminaries 147 3.1 Model-Based Testing 147 3.2 Uppaal Timed Automata 148 3.3 Contract-Based Design 149 4 Temporal Multi-view Contracts 150 5 Empirical Approach to Model-Based Test Generation 151 6 Test Model Modularization by Multi-view Design Contracts 151 6.1 Behavioural View 152 6.2 Fault-Tolerance View 154 6.3 Timing View 155 6.4 Consistency of Multi-view Contracts 157 7 Comparison of Empirical and Multi-view Contract-Based Testing 157 8 Related Work 158 9 Conclusion 159 References 159 Features of Quantified Products and Their Design Implications 161 1 Introduction 161 2 Research Method 162 3 Background and Previous Work 162 3.1 Quantified Products (QP) 162 3.2 Variability Modelling and Feature Models 163 3.3 Data-Driven Services and Ecosystems 164 4 Case Study A 164 4.1 Case Study Description 165 4.2 Feature Identification 167 5 Case Study B 168 5.1 Case Study Description 168 5.2 Feature Identification 169 5.3 Implications of Features on QP Design 170 6 Summary and Discussion 171 References 171 Artificial Agents and Smart Systems for Digital Business 173 Retail Self-checkout Image Classification Performance: Similar Class Grouping or Individual Class Classification Approach 174 1 Introduction 175 2 Literature Review 176 3 Methods 178 3.1 Experiment Design 178 3.2 Inter-class Similarity 180 3.3 Choosing Number of Clusters 184 4 Results 184 5 Conclusions 188 References 189 From Smart Life to Smart Life Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study and Research Agenda 190 1 Introduction 190 2 Research Method 191 3 Results of the Systematic Mapping Study 194 4 Findings 196 4.1 Smart Life Definition 197 4.2 Smart Life Topics 200 4.3 Smart Life Technologies 202 5 Smart Life and Smart Life Engineering Research Agenda 202 6 Conclusion and Future Works 204 References 205 Shared SAT Solvers and SAT Memory in Distributed Business Applications 208 1 Introduction 208 2 Definitions 210 3 Integrating SAT Solvers 212 3.1 Per-Solver Concurrency 212 3.2 Diversification 213 3.3 Joining Parallel Solvers 214 4 Implementing the SAT Memory 214 5 Usage Example 218 5.1 The Karatsuba Algorithm 218 5.2 Initializing Web Memory 218 5.3 Generating the SAT Formula 219 6 Related Work 220 7 Conclusion 221 References 222 Data, Data Science, and Computing for Digital Business and Intelligent Systems 224 Outlier Analysis for Telecom Fraud Detection 225 1 Introduction 225 2 Telecom Fraud Detection 227 3 Outliers Detection Methods 229 4 Experimental Results 230 5 Conclusion and Future Direction 236 References 236 ModViz: A Modular and Extensible Architecture for Drill-Down and Visualization of Complex Data 238 1 Motivation 239 2 Related Work 241 3 Modular Dashboard Architecture 242 3.1 Components of the Modular Architecture 243 3.2 Interaction and Display (Client Module) 245 3.3 Visualization Management Module (Dashboard Back End) 245 3.4 Data Analysis Module (Dashboard Back-End) 248 4 User-Interaction and Visualization of COVID-19 Data 250 5 Conclusions 254 References 254 Efficient Computation of All-Window Length Correlations 257 1 Introduction 257 2 Related Work 259 3 Problem Statement 260 4 Computing All-Window Length Correlations Set 261 4.1 Incremental Computation 261 4.2 Memory Layout 263 4.3 Parallelization 265 4.4 Dimensionality Reduction 266 5 Visualization of Correlations in a Heatmap 267 6 Experimental Evaluation 268 6.1 Experimental Setup 268 6.2 Comparison with Baseline Solution 268 6.3 Scalability in the Input Size 269 6.4 Parallel Execution 270 7 Conclusions 271 References 271 Author Index 273 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Baltic Conference on Digital Business and Intelligent Systems, Baltic DB & IS 2022, held in Riga, Latvia, in July 2022. The 16 revised full papers and 1 short paper presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. The papers are centered around topics like architectures and quality of information systems, artificial intelligence in information systems, data and knowledge engineering, enterprise and information systems engineering, security of information systems