Dietary phytochemicals : a source of novel bioactive compounds for the treatment of obesity, cancer and diabetes

This book presents comprehensive coverage on the importance of good nutrition in the treatment and management of obesity, cancer and diabetes. Naturally occurring bioactive compounds are ubiquitous in most dietary plants available to humans and provide opportunities for the management of diseases. The text provides information about the major causes of these diseases and their association with nutrition. The text also covers the role of dietary phytochemicals in drug development and their pathways. Later chapters emphasize novel bioactive compounds as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer and anti-obesity agents and describe their mechanisms to regulate cell metabolism. Written by global team of experts, Dietary Phytochemicals: A Source of Novel Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Obesity, Cancer and Diabetes describes the potentials of novel phytochemicals, their sources, and underlying mechanism of action. The chapters were drawn systematically and incorporated sequentially to facilitate proper understanding. This book is intended for nutritionists, physicians, medicinal chemists, drug developers in research and development, postgraduate students and scientists in area of nutrition and life sciences.ISBN : 9783030729981 Preface Contents Etiology of Obesity, Cancer, and Diabetes 1 Introduction 2 Obesity 2.1 Etiology of Obesity 2.2 Biological Factors 2.2.1 Genetics Monogenic Obesity Syndromic Obesity Polygenic Obesity 2.2.2 Brain-gut Axis 2.2.3 Prenatal Determinants 2.2.4 Pregnancy 2.2.5 Menopause 2.2.6 Physical Disability 2.2.7 Gut Microbiome 2.3 Environmental Factors 2.3.1 Obesogenic Environment 2.3.2 Socio-Economic Factors 2.3.3 Environmental Chemicals and Obesity 2.4 Behavioral Factors 2.4.1 Increased Calorie Intake and Eating Habits 2.4.2 Sedentary Lifestyle and Less Physical Activity 2.4.3 Insufficient Sleep 2.4.4 Quitting Smoking 3 Cancer 3.1 Major Types of Cancer 3.2 Causes of Cancer 3.2.1 Diet and Physical Activity 3.2.2 Use of Addictive Substances 3.2.3 Sex and Reproductive Health 3.2.4 Environmental Factors 3.2.5 Genetics 4 Diabetes Mellitus 4.1 Causes of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 4.1.1 Genetic Susceptibility Factors 4.1.2 Virus-Related Contagions 4.1.3 Role of Environment 4.2 Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 5 Conclusion References Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes 1 Introduction 2 Obesity and Body Mass Index 3 Pathophysiology of Obesity 3.1 Development of Fat Cells 3.2 Fat Cell Metabolism 3.3 Oxidative Stress 3.4 Weight Stigma 4 Role of Different Factors in the Pathophysiology of Obesity 4.1 Pathophysiology of Obesity and the Role of Autonomic Nervous System 4.2 Osteopontin and Obesity 4.3 Obesity and Renal Disease 5 Maternal Obesity 6 Potential Role of Gut Inflammation in Disease Development 7 Childhood Obesity 8 Pathophysiology of Diabetes 8.1 Etiology of Diabetes 8.2 Role of Genetics in Development of T2DM 8.3 Role of Environmental Determinants in the Development of T2DM 8.4 Insulin Resistance 8.5 The Role of Glucagon 8.6 Somatostatin 9 Conclusion References Pathophysiology of Obesity and Cancer: Drugs and Signaling Targets 1 Introduction 2 Pathophysiology of Obesity and Cancer 3 History of Anti-obesity Drugs 4 How to Treat Obesity? 5 Different Targets in Brain to Treat Obesity 5.1 Serotoninergic System 5.2 Noradrenergic System 5.3 Dopaminergic System 6 Link Between Obesity and Cancer 7 Drugs Targeting Cancer Cells 8 Drugs Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment’s Cellular and Molecular Components 9 Changes in the Pharmacokinetics 10 Changes in Microbiota 11 Combination Therapy 12 Conclusion References Peptides Involved in Body Weight Regulation 1 Introduction 2 Appetite, Food Intake, and Obesity 3 Peptides and Body Weight 3.1 Effects of Hormonal Peptides 3.1.1 Orexigenic Peptides 3.1.2 Anorexigenic Peptides 3.1.3 Effects of Hypothalamic Peptides 3.2 Bioactive Peptides and Body Weight 4 Conclusion References Insulin Resistance: A Link Between Obesity and Cancer 1 Introduction 2 Obesity and Cancer 3 Diabetes and Cancer 4 Obesity and Diabetes 5 Mechanism Linking Insulin Resistance to Obesity and Cancer 6 Drugs to Treat Insulin Resistance 6.1 Metformin 6.2 Thiazolidinediones 6.3 Insulin Analogues 7 Challenges in Prevention and Treatment 8 Conclusion References Role of Cytoskeletal Protein, Actin in Various Diseases 1 Introduction 2 Microfilaments or Actin Filaments 2.1 Role in Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Angiogenesis 2.2 Role in Cytokinesis 2.3 Role in Cellular Signaling and Transport 2.4 Role in Immunodeficiency 2.5 Role in Fertilization of Eggs 2.6 Role in Neuronal Plasticity 2.7 Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases 2.8 Role in Epigenetic Control 2.9 Role in Muscle Contraction 3 Conclusions References Diabetes Mellitus and it Management with Plant-Based Therapy 1 Introduction 2 Classification of Diabetes 2.1 Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) 2.2 Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) 2.3 Gestational DM (GDM) 3 Risk Factors of Diabetes 4 Pathophysiology 5 Screening and Diagnosis 6 Management 6.1 Through Lifestyle and Diet Modification 6.2 Pharmacological Agents 6.3 Plant Based Therapy 6.3.1 Mechanisms Underlying Herbal Anti-Diabetic Therapies 6.3.2 Classification of Plant-Based Anti-Diabetics 7 Conclusion References Fruits and Vegetables as Sources of Functional Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Management of Obesity, Diabetes, and Cancer 1 Introduction 2 Classification of Phytochemicals 2.1 Polyphenols 2.2 Terpenoids 2.3 Thiols 3 Health Benefits and Nutritional Value of Certain Fruits and Vegetables 3.1 Tomatoes 3.2 Grapes and Berries 3.3 Nuts 3.4 Citrus 3.5 Brassica Vegetables 3.6 Mushrooms 3.7 Kiwi 3.8 Cladodes 3.9 Carrots 3.10 Potatoes 3.11 Onion and Garlic 4 The Effect of Consuming Fruits and Vegetables on Some Diseases 4.1 Cancer 4.2 Obesity 4.3 Diabetes 5 Conclusion References Spices for Diabetes, Cancer and Obesity Treatment 1 Introduction 2 Anti-diabetic Effect of Spices 2.1 Fenugreek 2.2 Cinnamon 2.3 Garlic and Onion 2.4 Turmeric 2.5 Cumin Seeds 2.6 Ginger 3 Spices in the Treatment of Cancer 3.1 Basil 3.2 Caraway 3.3 Cardamom 3.4 Rosemary 3.5 Cumin 3.6 Turmeric 3.7 Garlic 3.8 Black Pepper 3.9 Red Chili 3.10 Ginger 3.11 Saffron 4 Spices in the Treatment of Obesity 4.1 Ginger 4.2 Turmeric 4.3 Garlic 4.4 Red Pepper 5 Conclusion References MicroRNAs as Targets of Dietary Phytochemicals in Obesity and Cancer 1 Introduction 2 Phytochemical Modulated miRNAs and Its Role in Obesity 3 MicroRNAs as Phytochemicals Targets in Carcinogenesis 4 Dietary Phytochemicals and miRNA 4.1 Resveratrol 4.2 Genistein 4.3 Conjugated Linoleic Acids 4.4 Cinnamic Acid and Cinnamaldehyde 4.5 Ajoene 4.6 Curcumin 4.7 Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate 4.8 Quercetin 5 Conclusion References Natural Phenolic Compounds as Anti-obesity and Anti-cardiovascular Disease Agent 1 Introduction 2 Effects of Natural Phenolic Compounds on Oil and Fat Metabolism 3 Binding Bile Salt to Inhibit Emulsification of Lipids 3.1 In Vitro Studies 4 Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition 4.1 In Vitro Studies 4.2 In Silico Modeling Studies 4.3 Increase Fecal Lipid Excretion 4.4 Animal Models 4.5 Clinical Research 5 Gut Microbiota as Potential Targets 6 Reduction of Lipogenesis and Inflammation in Adipose Tissue and Liver 6.1 In Vitro Studies by Cell Models 6.2 Animal Models 7 Suppression of Lipogenic Enzyme Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) in Cell 7.1 Cell Model 7.2 Animal Models 8 Increase of Lipolysis in Cell 9 Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation and Growth 10 Anti-atherosclerosis by Natural Phenolic Compounds 11 Conclusion References Harnessing the Potential of Phytochemicals for Breast Cancer Treatment 1 Introduction 2 Statistical Evidence Including the Indian Scenario 3 Current Treatments Strategies for Breast Cancer 3.1 Chemotherapy 3.2 Surgery 3.3 Gene Therapy 3.4 Oncogenes Inactivation 3.5 Augmentation of Tumor Suppresser Genes 3.5.1 BRCA1 and BRCA2 3.5.2 Androgen Receptor 3.5.3 Immunomodulation 3.5.4 Endocrine (Antihormonal) Treatment 3.5.5 Inclination Towards Phytochemicals 4 Phytochemicals for Breast Cancer Therapy 4.1 Plumbagin 4.2 Apigenin 4.3 Isothiocyanate 4.4 Quercetin 4.5 Curcumin 4.6 Catechins 4.7 Lycopene 4.8 Hesperidin 4.9 Anthocyanin 4.10 Colchicine Alkaloid 4.11 Polyphyllin D 4.12 Genistein 4.13 Resveratrol 4.14 Berberine 5 Pharmaceutical Compounding of Phytochemicals 6 Conclusion References Index "This book presents comprehensive coverage on the importance of good nutrition in the treatment and management of obesity, cancer and diabetes. Naturally occurring bioactive compounds are ubiquitous in most dietary plants available to humans and provide opportunities for the management of diseases. The text provides information about the major causes of these diseases and their association with nutrition. The text also covers the role of dietary phytochemicals in drug development and their pathways. Later chapters emphasize novel bioactive compounds as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer and anti-obesity agents and describe their mechanisms to regulate cell metabolism. Written by global team of experts, Dietary Phytochemicals: A Source of Novel Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Obesity, Cancer and Diabetes describes the potentials of novel phytochemicals, their sources, and underlying mechanism of action. The chapters were drawn systematically and incorporated sequentially to facilitate proper understanding. This book is intended for nutritionists, physicians, medicinal chemists, drug developers in research and development, postgraduate students and scientists in area of nutrition and life sciences."--Publisher's description