Dietary Anticarcinogens and Antimutagens: Chemical and Biological Aspects (Special Publication - Volume 255)

Comprehensive and international in content, Dietary Anticarcinogens and Antimutagens: Chemical and Biological Aspects includes topics as diverse as the health benefits of tea, wine and beer, through the prevention of various cancers, to the development of effective communication for healthy eating. The book is organised into sections covering: epidemiology of diet and cancer; mechanisms of DNA damage and repair; the body's various protective mechanisms; and experimental approaches to the study of diet and cancer, with particular emphasis on humans as subjects. Reporting on the latest research on mechanisms of cancer prevention by a variety of food components, this timely book will be of immense value to professionals in many disciplines including food science, biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry and epidemiology. Dietary Anticarcinogens and Antimutagens (2000) ......Page 1 ISBN: 0854048154......Page 5 Preface......Page 6 --> Contents......Page 8 Section 1 - Anticarcinogens and Mutagens in the Human Diet: Epidemiology......Page 16 1 Introduction......Page 18 2 The Epidemiologic Data......Page 19 3 Mechanisms......Page 22 4 Summary......Page 23 5 References......Page 24 2 Introduction......Page 27 4 Anticarcinogenic Effects and Other Preventive Activities......Page 28 6 Epidemiological Studies......Page 29 7 Two Stages of Cancer Prevention with Green Tea......Page 30 9 References......Page 31 1 Introduction......Page 33 2 RS, Soluble DF and Cancer......Page 34 5 References......Page 35 2 Catechin Content of Foods......Page 37 4 Conclusions......Page 38 5 References......Page 39 1.5 Intake of Selected Vitamins and Bioflavonoids from Vitamin and Mineral Supplements by Subjects in the EPIC-NORFOLK Study, UK......Page 40 References......Page 41 1.6 Starchy Foods and Risk of Cancer of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Case-control Study in Uruguay......Page 42 References......Page 45 Extended Abstract......Page 46 References......Page 47 2 Methods......Page 48 3 Results......Page 49 5 References......Page 50 1.3 Temperature of the Colon and Tumour Development......Page 52 2 Risk Factors of Colon Cancer and Relation to Colon Heat......Page 53 3 References......Page 54 Section 2 - Bioavailability of Dietary Anticarcinogens and Mutagens......Page 55 1 From Epidemiology to Experiment: A Leap of Faith......Page 57 2 Determining Bioavailability is Essential to Progress......Page 59 3.2 The Gastrointestinal Lavage Technique......Page 60 3.3 The Ileostomy Mass Balance......Page 61 3.4 Plasma Response - Acute Doses......Page 62 3.5 Plasma Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein (TRL) Fraction......Page 64 3.8 In vitro Methods......Page 65 4 References......Page 67 2.2 The First Step in the Metabolism of Flavonoid Glycosides......Page 69 References......Page 71 1 Introduction......Page 72 2.4 Transport experiments......Page 73 2.5 HPLC......Page 74 3 Results......Page 75 4 Discussion......Page 76 5 References......Page 77 2.1 Materials......Page 78 2.5 Transport in gut segments......Page 79 4 Discussion......Page 80 5 References......Page 82 2.1 Simulated Digestion......Page 83 3 Results......Page 84 5 References......Page 86 2.1 Subjects......Page 87 4 References......Page 88 2 Method......Page 90 3 Results......Page 91 5 References......Page 93 1 Introduction......Page 94 4 Discussion......Page 95 5 References......Page 97 2 Methods......Page 98 3 Results and Discussion......Page 99 4 References......Page 100 2 Materials and Methods......Page 102 4 Conclusion......Page 103 5 References......Page 105 2 Experimental Design......Page 106 3 Results......Page 107 5 References......Page 109 2.12 Synthesis of Isothiocyanate Mercapturic Acids......Page 110 2 Materials and Methods......Page 111 3 Results and Discussion......Page 112 4 References......Page 114 1 Introduction......Page 115 2.1 Sample Preparation......Page 116 2.2 Ethanol Vapour Pressure Determination......Page 117 2.4 Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium Relationships......Page 118 3 Results......Page 119 5 References......Page 122 2 Materials and Methods......Page 123 3 Results......Page 124 4 Conclusion......Page 125 References......Page 126 Section 3 - DNA Damage and Repair......Page 127 2 DNA Reactive Compounds Formed During Food Processing......Page 129 3 Mycotoxins......Page 130 5 Overestimation Due to Inadequate Testing?......Page 131 6 DNA Reactive Carcinogens and Human Cancer Incidence......Page 133 8 DNA Protective Effects of Dietary Constituents......Page 134 9 References......Page 137 2.1 Repair Reactions......Page 139 3 Results......Page 140 5 References......Page 141 2 Materials and Methods......Page 143 3 Results......Page 145 4 Conclusion......Page 146 5 References......Page 147 2 Methods......Page 148 4 Discussion......Page 149 5 References......Page 151 1 Introduction......Page 152 3 Single-strand Breaks In vivo......Page 153 6 Repair In vivo......Page 154 8 Conclusion......Page 155 9 References......Page 156 2.1 Cell Culture......Page 157 3 Results......Page 158 4 Discussion......Page 159 5 References......Page 160 2 Methods......Page 161 3 Results......Page 162 4 Discussion......Page 163 5 References......Page 164 2 Materials and Methods......Page 165 3 Results......Page 166 5 References......Page 168 2.1 Genotoxic Effects of Selected ITCs......Page 169 2.3 Possible Mechanisms of Genotoxicity of ITCs......Page 171 3 Conclusions......Page 172 4 References......Page 174 1 Introduction......Page 175 3 Results......Page 176 5 References......Page 177 3 Findings......Page 179 5 References......Page 181 3.12 Folate, Vitamin B12, Homocysteine Status and DNA Damage in Young Australian Adults......Page 182 References......Page 183 Section 4 - Defence Systems: Enzyme Induction......Page 184 2.2 Tea Ingredients......Page 186 2.3 Methods......Page 187 3 Results......Page 188 4 Discussion......Page 191 5 References......Page 192 1 Introduction......Page 194 2 Results and Discussion......Page 195 3 References......Page 196 2.1 In vitro Studies......Page 197 3 Results......Page 198 5 References......Page 200 1 Introduction......Page 202 2 Results and Discussion......Page 203 3 References......Page 204 1 Introduction......Page 206 4 Statistics......Page 208 5 Results and Discussion......Page 209 6 References......Page 210 1 Introduction......Page 212 3 Results......Page 213 4 Conclusion......Page 214 5 References......Page 215 2 Materials......Page 216 3.2 Determination of Detoxifying Enzymes......Page 217 4.1 Effects on Initiation Stage of Carcinogenesis......Page 218 4.2 Effects on the Promotion Stage of Carcinogenesis......Page 219 4.3 Effects on the Proliferation of Cancer Cells......Page 220 4.4 Effects on Antioxidant and Detoxication Enzymes......Page 221 5 Discussion......Page 223 6 References......Page 224 Section 5 - Defence Systems: Antioxidant Mechanisms......Page 226 1 Introduction......Page 228 2 Free Radical Theory of Ageing......Page 229 3 Effects of Antioxidants in Experimental Animals......Page 231 4 European Research on the Functional Effects of Antioxidants ‘EUROFEDA’......Page 233 6 Bioavailability of Antioxidants......Page 234 7 Gene Expression and Mitochondria1 Function......Page 235 8 References......Page 237 1 Introduction......Page 238 2 Oxidative DNA Damage and Measurement of Antoxidant Actions......Page 239 4 The Copper-Phenanthroline Dependent Oxidation of DNA......Page 240 5 Future Perspective......Page 241 6 References......Page 242 2 Materials and Methods......Page 243 3 Results and Discussion......Page 244 4 References......Page 247 5.4 Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenol Containing Foods as Affected by Processing and Storage Conditions......Page 248 References......Page 250 2 Characterization of the Phenolic Fractions......Page 251 3 Activity on Melonogenesis and Melanocyte Proliferation......Page 252 4 References......Page 253 3.1 Processing of Plant Material and Preparation of Test Material......Page 255 5 Conclusion......Page 256 6 References......Page 257 2 Materials and Methods......Page 258 4 Conclusion......Page 259 5 References......Page 261 5.8 High Performance Liquid Chromatography Studies on Free Radical Oxidation of Flavonols......Page 262 References......Page 264 5.9 The Inhibition of NADPH-dependent ROS Production May Be an Important Modality for the Protective Effect of Ascorbic Acid and 6-O-Palmitoyl Ascorbate Against Cancer :in situ Tissue Culture Study......Page 265 References......Page 267 1 Introduction......Page 268 3 Results and Discussion......Page 269 4 Conclusions......Page 271 5 References......Page 272 1 Introduction......Page 273 2 Results and Discussion......Page 274 3 References......Page 277 1 Introduction......Page 279 2 Materials and Methods......Page 280 3 Results and Discussion......Page 281 4 Conclusion......Page 285 5 References......Page 286 2 Inhibition of TPA-stimulated Superoxide Production in Human Promyelocytic Leukemia (HL-60) Cells......Page 287 3 Suppression of TPA-induced Activation of the Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-KB)......Page 288 4 References......Page 291 1 Introduction......Page 292 3 Results and Discussion......Page 293 4 References......Page 295 Section 6 - Defence Systems: Cellular Differentiation and Apoptosis......Page 296 1 Introduction......Page 298 2 Cyclooxygenases, Prostaglandins, and Colon Cancer......Page 299 3 Herbal and Botanical Sources of Anti-inflammatory Cancer Chemopreventive Agents......Page 300 5 References......Page 302 2 Material and Methods......Page 304 3 Results......Page 305 5 References......Page 306 1 Introduction......Page 308 3.1 Effect of Lectins on Organ Weights......Page 309 4 Discussion......Page 311 5 References......Page 313 2 Introduction......Page 314 4 Results......Page 315 6 References......Page 316 2 Materials and Methods......Page 317 3 Results......Page 318 6 References......Page 319 2 Materials and Methods......Page 321 3 Results......Page 322 4 Discussion......Page 324 5 References......Page 326 1 Introduction......Page 327 3 Results......Page 328 4 Discussion......Page 329 5 References......Page 331 1 Introduction......Page 333 3 Results and Discussion......Page 334 4 References......Page 336 2 Results and Discussion......Page 337 3 References......Page 339 1 Introduction......Page 340 3 Results and Discussion......Page 341 5 References......Page 344 2.1 Animal Studies......Page 346 3 Results and Discussion......Page 347 4 References......Page 350 2.1 Preparation and Analysis of Sprout Juice......Page 351 3 Results......Page 352 5 References......Page 354 Section 7 - Anticarcinogenic Effects of Human Diets: Animal Models......Page 355 2.2 Experimental Design......Page 357 3.1 Experiment 1: Effect of Different Doses of DADS on the Initiation of Carcinogenesis in Rat Liver......Page 358 4 Conclusion......Page 360 5 References......Page 361 1 Introduction......Page 362 2.1 Experimental groups......Page 363 3 Results and Discussion......Page 364 4 References......Page 366 7.3 Inhibitory Effects of Beer and Other Alcoholic Beverages on the Mutagenesis and DNA-Adduct Formations Induced by Several Carcinogens: Identification of One of the Antimutagenic Factors......Page 367 References......Page 369 2.1 Experimental Design......Page 370 3.2 Crypt Cell Proliferation (CCP) and Apoptotic Index......Page 371 5 References......Page 372 Abstract......Page 373 2 Materials and Methods......Page 374 3 Results and Discussion......Page 375 4 References......Page 376 1 Abstract......Page 378 3.3 Treatment of Animals......Page 379 4 Results......Page 380 5 Discussions......Page 381 6 References......Page 383 2 Materials and Methods......Page 384 3 Results and Discussion......Page 385 5 References......Page 386 1 Abstract......Page 388 3 Materials and Methods......Page 389 4 Results and Discussion......Page 390 5 References......Page 391 1 Introduction......Page 392 3 Results and Discussion......Page 393 4 References......Page 395 7.10 Antimutagenicity Studies of South African Herbal Teas......Page 396 1.2 Screening for Beneficial Plant Components......Page 398 2 Polyacetylenes......Page 399 4 References......Page 402 Section 8 - Anticarcinogenic Effects of Human Diets: Studies in Man......Page 404 2 Definitive Intervention Studies......Page 406 2.1 Lessons from the beta-Carotene Supplementation Trials......Page 407 3 Life-style Modification......Page 408 4.2 The CAPP2 Study......Page 409 5.2 Monitoring Compliance......Page 410 5.4 Ethical Issues......Page 411 7 References......Page 412 2 Methods......Page 415 4 Conclusion......Page 416 References......Page 417 2 Results and Discussion......Page 418 3 References......Page 420 8.4 Influence of CYPlA2 and NAT2 Phenotypes on Urinary Mutagenicity after a Hamburger Meal......Page 421 References......Page 422 2 Introduction......Page 423 4 Results......Page 424 6 References......Page 425 2 Materials and Methods......Page 426 4 Conclusion......Page 427 5 References......Page 428 1 Introduction......Page 429 2.1 Animal Study......Page 430 2.2 Human Intervention Trial......Page 431 3.1 Animal Study......Page 432 3.2 Human Intervention Trial......Page 434 4 Discussion......Page 435 5 References......Page 438 1.2 Promoting Healthy Eating and Barriers to Dietary Change......Page 440 2.1 Stages of Change Model......Page 441 3 Conclusion......Page 442 4 References......Page 443 Subject Index......Page 444 Comprehensive and international in content, Dietary anticarcinogens and antimutagens: Chemical and biological aspects includes topics as diverse as the health benefits of tea, wine and beer, through the prevention of various cancers, to the development of effective communication for healthy eating. Comprehensive and international in content, Dietary anticarcinogens and antimutagens: Chemical and biological aspects includes topics as diverse as the health benefits of tea, wine and beer, through the prevention of various cancers, to the development of effective communication for healthy eating. The book is organised in to sections covering: epidemiology of diet and cancer; mechanisms of DNA damage and repair; the body's various protective mechanisms; and experimental approaches to the study of diet and cancer, with particular emphasis on humans as subjects