Diagnostic Pathology of Infectious Disease: Expert Consult: Online and Print

Diagnostic Pathology of Infectious Disease presents a comprehensive, organ-based approach to the effective and accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases. Dr. Richard L. Kradin covers the latest information on H1N1, as well as the use of immunohistochemical stains, PCR, Immunoperoxidase, and other molecular techniques for a current representation of the field. High-quality, full-color illustrations and differential diagnosis tables accompany each lesion so you can quickly identify and diagnose whatever you see. Online and print, this reference is an invaluable tool for the accurate diagnosis of any infectious disease-from the common to the most challenging. * Includes the fully searchable contents of the book online at expertconsult.com, along with a full image bank and access to PathConsult. * Covers the latest techniques in immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics integrated throughout the text for comprehensive information on all investigative contexts relevant to ensuring diagnostic accuracy. * Emphasizes the host responses critical in differential diagnosis to serve as a second opinion when non-infectious diagnoses mimic and confound the diagnosis of infection. * Provides a complete visual guide to suspect lesions through superb, high-quality, full-color illustrations of key aspects of various diseases that facilitate the rapid identification of biopsy specimen. * Presents contents organized by organ as opposed to pathogen to more effectively address diagnostic and management issues. * Features tables that list differential diagnosis for each lesion for quick summaries of key points in problem areas. * Highlights morphological characteristics and landmarks of tissue samples throughout the text for easy access to information necessary for signing out specimen. * Focuses on clinicopathologic features and correlations so you can deal with the diagnostic problems you face every day. The most accurate resource to diagnose the pathology of infection Your purchase entitles you to access the web site until the next edition is published, or until the current edition is no longer offered for sale by Elsevier, whichever occurs first. Elsevier reserves the right to offer a suitable replacement product (such as a downloadable or CD-ROM-based electronic version) should access to the web site be discontinued. A......Page 2 Copyright page......Page 3 Dedication......Page 4 Contributors......Page 5 Preface......Page 7 Acknowledgments......Page 8 Introduction......Page 9 Diagnosing Infection In Situ......Page 11 Classification of Patterns of Infection......Page 12 Gram Stain......Page 14 Fungal Stains......Page 15 Connective Tissue Stains......Page 17 Viral Inclusion Body Stains......Page 18 In Situ Hybridization......Page 19 Polymerase Chain Reaction......Page 20 REFERENCES......Page 22 Overview: The Biopsy......Page 24 Approach to the Patient: General Concepts......Page 25 Biopsy in the Immunocompromised Host......Page 26 Summary......Page 28 REFERENCES......Page 29 Introduction......Page 30 Culturing of Fine-Needle Aspirations for Microorganisms......Page 33 Case 1: Elicitors of the Not So Laudable Pus......Page 35 Case 2: A More Indolent Fibrinopurulent Infection That Goes Bump in the Neck......Page 37 Eosinophils and Allergic Mucin......Page 40 Case 4, 5, and 6: If There Is Allergic Mucin, the Fungi Are Not Invasive......Page 42 Granulomatous Inflammation......Page 43 Cases 7 and 8: A Tale of Two Tubercles......Page 44 Granulomatous Inflammation Admixed with Neutrophils......Page 46 Case 11: The Community-Acquired Pneumonia That Wasn’t......Page 49 Patients with Neutropenia or Defective Neutrophils......Page 50 Case 13: Diabetes and Intrabronchial Zygomycosis with Indolent Course......Page 55 Case 14: The Young Lady with the Polka-Dotted Macrophages......Page 56 Case 15: The Macrophage Wore Pinstripes......Page 58 Case 16: Overstuffed Macrophages with Lysosome Indigestion......Page 59 Organisms That Elicit Scanty to No Inflammation in Patients with Impaired Cell-Mediated Immunity......Page 63 Cytodiagnosis of Viral Infections......Page 66 Case 17: Intensive Care Unit Vocal Cord Lesion......Page 67 Case 18: Is It Herpes or Molluscum?......Page 70 Case 19: To Immunosuppress or Immunoenhance; That Is the Question!......Page 71 Parasitic Disease in Cytology......Page 72 Case 20: A Worm with the Wanderlust......Page 74 Cases 21 and 22: Parasite Infections Seen in Postmortem Cytology......Page 75 Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Induced Sputum Evaluation for Pneumocystis......Page 77 Reagents......Page 78 REFERENCES......Page 79 Electron Microscopy Technique......Page 83 Prions......Page 84 Viral Infections......Page 85 Varicella Virus......Page 86 Influenza......Page 87 Smallpox......Page 88 Enterovirus......Page 89 Rabies Virus......Page 90 Human Immunodeficiency Virus......Page 91 Gram-Positive Bacteria......Page 92 Mycobacteria......Page 93 Chlamydia trachomatis......Page 94 Pneumocystis jiroveci......Page 96 Toxoplasma gondii......Page 98 Giardia lamblia......Page 100 Microsporidia......Page 101 Trypanosoma cruzi......Page 103 REFERENCES......Page 104 Bacterial Rhinosinusitis......Page 105 Tonsillitis......Page 106 Peritonsillar Abscess......Page 107 Rhinoscleroma......Page 108 Actinomycosis......Page 109 Syphilis......Page 110 Leprosy......Page 112 Fungal Rhinosinusitis......Page 113 Paracoccidioidomycosis......Page 116 Rhinosporidiosis......Page 118 Epstein-Barr Virus......Page 119 Human Papillomavirus......Page 121 REFERENCES......Page 123 Transbronchial Biopsy......Page 130 Handling Lung Biopsy Specimens......Page 131 Pulmonary Defenses......Page 132 Diffuse Alveolar Damage......Page 133 Influenza......Page 134 Novel H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu)......Page 135 Measles......Page 136 Adenovirus......Page 137 Cytomegalovirus......Page 138 Herpesvirus......Page 139 Mycoplasma Pneumonia......Page 140 Epstein-Barr Virus......Page 141 Pneumocystis jiroveci......Page 142 Bronchiectasis......Page 143 Bacterial Infections......Page 144 Group A Streptococcal Pneumonia......Page 145 Staphylococcus aureus......Page 146 Klebsiella......Page 148 Lung Abscess Due to Oropharyngeal Aspiration......Page 149 Nocardia......Page 150 Legionella......Page 151 Mycobacterial Infections......Page 153 Spectrum of Pulmonary Tuberculous Infection......Page 156 Atypical Mycobacteria......Page 157 Melioidosis......Page 160 Fungal Infection Due to Yeasts......Page 161 Histoplasmosis......Page 162 Blastomyces......Page 164 Coccidioides immitis......Page 166 Aspergillus......Page 169 Bronchocentric Granulomatosis......Page 172 Aspergillus Bronchitis and Chronic Necrotizing Aspergillosis......Page 173 Fungus Balls......Page 175 Other Aspergillus Species......Page 176 Fusarium......Page 177 Dematiaceous (Pigmented) Fungi......Page 180 Amebas......Page 181 Microsporidia......Page 182 Dirofilaria......Page 183 Paragonimiasis......Page 184 Cestodes (Tapeworms)......Page 185 Anthrax......Page 186 Yersinia pestis (Plague Pneumonia)......Page 188 Pleural Infections......Page 189 REFERENCES......Page 191 The Cardiac Valves......Page 194 Pathogenesis of Infective Endocarditis......Page 195 The Microbiology of Infective Endocarditis......Page 196 Gross Pathology of Infective Endocarditis......Page 197 Demonstrating Microorganisms in Situ......Page 198 Embolic Complications......Page 200 Immune Complex Disease......Page 201 Lesions That Mimic Infective Endocarditis......Page 202 Infectious Aneurysms......Page 203 The Diagnosis of Myocarditis......Page 205 Pathogenesis of Viral Myocarditis......Page 209 Parasitic Infections......Page 210 Giant Cell Myocarditis......Page 211 Hypersensitivity Myocarditis......Page 212 Sarcoidosis......Page 213 Complications and Natural History of Myocarditis......Page 214 Etiology of Pericarditis......Page 215 REFERENCES......Page 216 Mycobacterium tuberculosis......Page 219 Aspergillosis......Page 221 Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2......Page 222 Cytomegalovirus......Page 223 Human Immunodeficiency Virus......Page 224 Cytomegalovirus......Page 225 Actinomycosis......Page 226 Fungi......Page 227 Helicobacter pylori–associated Chronic Gastritis......Page 228 Escherichia coli......Page 230 Salmonella......Page 231 Yersinia......Page 232 Mycobacterium tuberculosis......Page 233 Whipple Disease (Tropheryma whippelii)......Page 235 Tropical Sprue......Page 236 Fungi......Page 237 Enteric Virus Infections......Page 238 Human Immunodeficiency Virus–related Enteropathy......Page 239 Flagellates......Page 240 Coccidians......Page 241 Ascaris lumbricoides......Page 242 Capillaria philippinensis (Intestinal Capillariasis)......Page 243 Cestodes......Page 244 Common Histologic Features of Bacterial (Invasive) Colitis......Page 245 Clostridium difficile......Page 246 Yersinia......Page 247 Viruses......Page 248 Other Protozoan Infections......Page 249 Helminths......Page 250 Lymphogranuloma Venereum......Page 251 REFERENCES......Page 252 Liver and Bile Duct Infections......Page 259 Virology......Page 260 Histopathology......Page 261 Immunohistochemistry......Page 262 Management......Page 263 Coinfection with Hepatitis B Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus......Page 264 Histopathology......Page 265 Hepatitis E......Page 267 Herpes Simplex Virus......Page 268 Varicella-Zoster Virus......Page 269 Rubeola (Measles)......Page 270 Yellow Fever......Page 271 Lassa Virus......Page 272 Leprosy......Page 273 Pyogenic Liver Abscess......Page 275 Acute Cholangitis......Page 276 Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis (Oriental Cholangiohepatitis)......Page 278 Bartonella (Cat-Scratch Disease)......Page 279 Melioidosis......Page 280 Syphilis......Page 281 Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)......Page 282 Histoplasma......Page 283 Candida......Page 284 Cryptococcosis......Page 285 Schistosomiasis......Page 286 Enterobiasis (Pinworm)......Page 287 Toxocara......Page 288 Fascioliasis......Page 289 Ascariasis......Page 290 Malaria......Page 291 Leishmania......Page 292 REFERENCES......Page 293 Clinical Features......Page 300 Differential Diagnosis......Page 301 Pathologic Findings......Page 302 Differential Diagnosis......Page 303 Pathologic Features......Page 304 Clinical Features......Page 305 Pathologic Features......Page 306 Clinical Features......Page 308 Differential Diagnosis......Page 309 Syphilitic Lymphadenitis......Page 311 Atypical Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis......Page 312 Differential Diagnosis......Page 313 Pathologic Features......Page 314 Clinical Features......Page 315 Clinical Features......Page 316 Differential Diagnosis......Page 317 Pathologic Features......Page 318 Pathologic Features......Page 319 Pathologic Features......Page 320 Multicentric Castleman Disease......Page 321 REFERENCES......Page 322 Hyperplasia......Page 327 Serous Atrophy (Gelatinous Transformation)......Page 328 Lymphoid Aggregates......Page 329 Hemophagocytosis......Page 330 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection......Page 332 Epstein-Barr Virus Infection......Page 335 Leishmaniasis......Page 336 Mass-Forming and Cystic Splenic Infections......Page 337 REFERENCES......Page 339 Hematogenous Spread......Page 343 Bacterial Osteomyelitis from Hematogenous Spread......Page 346 Bacterial Osteomyelitis from Contiguous Spread......Page 348 Bacterial Osteomyelitis from Direct Inoculation......Page 353 Tuberculous Osteomyelitis......Page 356 Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Osteomyelitis......Page 359 Lepromatous Osteomyelitis......Page 360 Skeletal Syphilis......Page 361 Yaws Bone Infection......Page 363 Fungal Osteomyelitis......Page 364 Candida Osteomyelitis......Page 365 Cryptococcal Osteomyelitis......Page 366 Coccidioidomycosis Osteomyelitis......Page 367 Paracoccidioidomycosis Osteomyelitis......Page 368 Blastomycosis Osteomyelitis......Page 369 Echinococcal Osteomyelitis......Page 370 Viral Osteomyelitis......Page 371 Other Types of Viral Bone Infection......Page 372 Differential Diagnosis of Osteomyelitis......Page 373 REFERENCES......Page 376 Infections of Joints, Synovium-Lined Structures, and Soft Tissue......Page 378 Bacterial Arthritis......Page 379 Gonococcal Arthritis......Page 381 Lyme Arthritis (Borreliosis)......Page 382 Tuberculous Mycobacterial Arthritis......Page 385 Fungal Arthritis......Page 386 Coccidioidomycosis......Page 387 Mycetoma......Page 388 Human Immunodeficiency Virus......Page 389 Soft Tissue Infections......Page 390 Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections......Page 391 Gas Gangrene......Page 394 Pyomyositis......Page 395 Parasitic Soft Tissue Infection......Page 396 Mycetoma......Page 397 Chromoblastomycosis and Phaeohyphomycosis......Page 398 Surgical Site Infections......Page 399 REFERENCES......Page 400 Bacterial Infections......Page 403 Syphilis......Page 404 Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)......Page 405 Herpetic Infections......Page 406 Human Papillomavirus......Page 407 Acute Interstitial Nephritis......Page 409 Acute Pyelonephritis......Page 410 Emphysematous Pyelonephritis......Page 411 Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis......Page 412 Malakoplakia......Page 413 BK Nephropathy......Page 414 Post-Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder......Page 415 Mycobacterial Infections......Page 416 Fungal Infections......Page 418 Rickettsia......Page 420 Leptospirosis......Page 421 Postinfectious (Post-streptococcal) Glomerulonephritis......Page 422 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis......Page 425 Bacterial Cystitis......Page 426 Schistosomiasis......Page 428 Malakoplakia......Page 429 Epididymis......Page 430 Human Immunodeficiency Virus......Page 431 Bacterial Infection......Page 433 REFERENCES......Page 435 Viral Infections......Page 442 Bacterial Infections......Page 444 Parasitic Infections......Page 446 Noninfectious Lesions in the Differential Diagnosis of Vulvar and Vaginal Infections......Page 447 Common Causes of Symptomatic Cervicitis and Vaginitis......Page 448 Uncommon Causes of Cervicitis and Vaginitis......Page 451 Endometrium......Page 452 Acute Salpingitis......Page 453 Granulomatous Salpingitis and Oophoritis......Page 455 Tubo-ovarian Abscess......Page 456 REFERENCES......Page 457 Ascending Infections......Page 463 Group B Streptococci......Page 464 Fusobacterium......Page 465 Plasmodium falciparum......Page 467 Toxoplasma gondii......Page 468 Cytomegalovirus......Page 471 Parvovirus......Page 472 Pregnancy-Associated Uterine Infections......Page 474 Fetal and Congenital Infections......Page 475 REFERENCES......Page 476 Meningitis......Page 481 Abscess......Page 482 Herpes Simplex Virus......Page 484 Varicella-Zoster Virus......Page 485 Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus......Page 486 Aspergillus......Page 487 Mucormycosis......Page 488 Infarct......Page 489 Syphilis......Page 491 West Nile Virus......Page 492 Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy......Page 493 Human Immunodeficiency Virus......Page 494 Candida......Page 495 Cysticercosis......Page 496 Rickettsial......Page 497 Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis......Page 498 Lymphoma......Page 499 Germinoma......Page 500 Tuberculosis......Page 502 Whipple Disease......Page 503 Schistosomiasis......Page 504 Demyelination......Page 506 Meningiomas with Dense Lymphoplasmacytic Response......Page 507 Rheumatoid Meningitis......Page 508 Granulomatous Hypophysitis......Page 509 Hyphal Organisms in the Immunocompromised Host......Page 510 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease......Page 511 REFERENCES......Page 512 Diagnostic Approach......Page 517 Impetigo......Page 518 Toxic Shock Syndrome......Page 519 Erysipelas......Page 520 Histology......Page 521 Diphtheria......Page 522 Meningococcal Infection......Page 523 Primary Inoculation, Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis, and Miliary Tuberculosis......Page 524 Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare......Page 525 Clinical Features......Page 526 Lepromatous Leprosy......Page 527 Borderline Lepromatous Leprosy......Page 528 Borderline Tuberculoid Leprosy......Page 529 Reactions in Leprosy......Page 530 Anthrax......Page 532 Yersiniosis and Plague......Page 533 Tularemia......Page 534 Malacoplakia......Page 535 Actinomycosis......Page 536 Clinical Features......Page 537 Tertiary Syphilis......Page 538 Pinta......Page 539 Chlamydial Infections......Page 540 Rickettsia and Rickettsia-like Organisms......Page 541 Scrub Typhus......Page 542 Viral Infections of the Skin......Page 543 Verruca Plana......Page 544 Condyloma Acuminatum......Page 545 Bowenoid Papulosis......Page 546 Histopathology......Page 547 Varicella......Page 548 Herpes Zoster......Page 549 Epstein-Barr Virus......Page 550 Poxviridae......Page 551 Cowpox......Page 552 Histopathology of Cutaneous Orthopoxvirus Infections......Page 553 Molluscum Contagiosum......Page 554 Parvovirus......Page 556 Seborrheic Dermatitis......Page 557 Pityrosporum Folliculitis......Page 558 Dermatophytoses......Page 559 Tinea Unguium......Page 560 Cutaneous Infections......Page 561 Histopathology......Page 562 Clinical Features......Page 563 Histopathology......Page 564 Histopathology......Page 565 Clinical Features......Page 566 Etiology and Pathogenesis......Page 568 Etiology and Pathogenesis......Page 569 Clinical Features......Page 570 Etiology and Pathogenesis......Page 571 Chromoblastomycosis......Page 572 Histopathology......Page 573 Phaeohyphomycosis......Page 574 Histopathology......Page 575 Lobomycosis......Page 576 Mucormycosis......Page 577 Amebas......Page 578 Acanthamebiasis......Page 579 Trypanosomiasis......Page 580 Histopathology......Page 581 Clinical Features......Page 582 Histopathology......Page 583 Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis......Page 584 Clinical Features......Page 585 Echinococcosis......Page 586 Onchocerciasis......Page 587 Cutaneous Larva Migrans......Page 588 Ticks......Page 589 Demodicosis......Page 590 Cheyletiella Dermatitis......Page 591 Tungiasis......Page 592 Protothecosis......Page 593 REFERENCES......Page 594 A......Page 615 B......Page 616 C......Page 619 E......Page 622 F......Page 624 G......Page 625 H......Page 626 I......Page 628 L......Page 629 M......Page 630 N......Page 632 O......Page 633 P......Page 634 R......Page 636 S......Page 637 T......Page 639 V......Page 640 W......Page 641 Z......Page 642 General principles in the diagnosis of infection / Richard L. Kradin, A. John Iafrate The biopsy in the diagnosis of infection : clinical approach / Jay A. Fishman Cytopathology of infectious and inflammatory diseases / Vicki J. Schnadig Ultrastructural diagnosis of infection / Alton B. Farris, Martin Selig, G. Petur Nielsen Ear, nose, and throat infections / Matthew M. Johnson Pulmonary infections / Richard L. Kradin, Eugene J. Mark Cardiac infections / H. Thomas Aretz, Richard L. Kradin None Infections of the gastrointestinal tract / Gregory Lauwers, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Richard L. Kradin Liver and bile duct infections / Joseph Misdraji Infectious lymphadenitis / Judith A. Ferry Infectious diseases of the bone marrow and spleen / Robert P. Hasserjian Bone infections / Andrew E. Rosenberg, Susan V. Kattapuram, G. Petur Nielsen Infections of joints, synovial-lined structures, and soft tissue / Elizabeth G. Demicco ... [et al.] Genitourinary infectious disease pathology / Alton B. Farris, G. Petur Nielsen Gynecological infections / Rosemary Tambouret Perinatal infections / Drucilla J. Roberts Infections of the nervous system / Sandra Camelo-Piragua, E. Tessa Hedley-Whyte Skin infections / Carlos Nicolas Prieto-Granada, Alice Z.C. Lobo, Martin C. Mihm. General principles in the diagnosis of infection / Richard L. Kradin, A. John Iafrate Role of the biopsy in the diagnosis of infection / Nesli Basgoz Cytopathology of infectious and inflammatory diseases / Vicki J. Schnadig Ultrastructural diagnosis of infection / Alton B. Farris, Martin Selig, G. Petur Nielsen Ear, nose, and throat infections / Matthew Johnson Pulmonary infections / Richard L. Kradin, Eugene J. Mark Cardiac infections / Richard Kradin, H. Thomas Aretz Gastrointestinal infections / Gregory Lauwers, Mari Mino-Kenudson Liver and bile duct infections / Joseph Misdraji Infectious lymphadenitis / Judith A. Ferry Infectious diseases of the bone marrow and spleen / Robert P. Hasserjian Bone infections / Andrew Rosenberg Infections of joints and synovial-lined structures / Elizabeth G. Demicco Genitourinary infectious disease pathology / Alton B. Farris, G. Petur Nielsen Gynecological infections / Rosemary Tambouret Perinatal infections / Drucilla J. Roberts Infections of the nervous system / Sandra Camelo-Piragua, E. Tessa Hedley-Whyte Skin infections / Martin Mihm. "Online and print, this comprehensive, organ-based reference is an invaluable tool for the accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases - from the common to the most challenging." "Integrates the latest techniques in immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics throughout the text for comprehensive information on all investigative contexts relevant to ensuring diagnostic accuracy; Emphasizes the host responses critical in differential diagnosis to serve as a second opinion when non-infectious diagnoses mimic and confound the diagnosis of infection; Provides a complete visual guide to suspect lesions through superb, high-quality, full-color illustrations of key aspects of various diseases that facilitate the rapid identification of biopsy specimen; Features tables that list differential diagnosis for each lesion for quick summaries of key points in problem areas; and Highlights morphological characteristics and landmarks of tissue samples throughout the text for easy access to information necessary for signing out specimens."--Jacket