Diagnosis Of Human Viruses By Polymerase Chain Reaction Technology (frontiers Of Virology)

The basis for the effective treatment and cure of a patient is the rapid diagnosis of the disease and its causative agent, which is based on the analysis of the clinical symptoms coupled with laboratory tests. Although rapid advance­ ments have been made in the laboratory diagnosis of virus diseases, the neces­ sary isolation of the causative virus from the clinical specimens is a relatively long procedure. Viruses which integrate into the cellular DNA (such as human immunodeficiency virus, HIV -1, or hepatitis B virus) are difficult to identify by molecular techniques, while viruses which exist in the clinical material in low concentrations are even more formidable to identify. Recently, the application of the polymerase chain reaction (peR) technique developed by K. D. Mullis and detailed in the study by Saiki et al. (1985) led to a revolution in virus diagnosis. The peR technique was rapidly applied to the diagnosis of viruses in clinical material. Volume 1 of Frontiers of Virology provides new information on the advan­ tages of the use of the peR for the diagnosis of many human disease-causing viruses, as well as on some problems with its use. Front Matter....Pages I-XVII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection by Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 3-15 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Children of Infected Mothers....Pages 16-23 Detection of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Provirus: Semiquantitative, Nested, Double Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 24-35 Detection of Human T-cell Leukemia Viruses....Pages 36-45 Detection of Human Spumaviruses by Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 46-53 Front Matter....Pages 55-55 Antigen Capture/Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Hepatitis A Virus in Human Clinical Materials....Pages 57-66 Clinical Diagnosis of Hepatitis B Infection: Applications of the Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 67-85 Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction to Hepatitis C Virus Research and Diagnostics....Pages 86-100 Polymerase Chain Reaction for Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Identification and Characterization....Pages 101-116 Front Matter....Pages 117-117 Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus in Cerebrospinal Fluid....Pages 119-133 Polymerase Chain Reaction Diagnosis of Varicella Zoster Virus....Pages 134-146 Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus by Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 147-156 Semiquantitative Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Clinical Samples of Lymphoproliferative Disorders....Pages 157-170 Detection of Human Herpesvirus 6 DNA in Clinical Samples of Patients by Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification....Pages 171-181 Front Matter....Pages 183-183 Human Papillomavirus Infections of the Genital Tract: Clinical Significance and Diagnosis by Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 185-207 Human Papillomavirus Types 6 and 11 in Tumours....Pages 208-218 Detection of JC and BK Viruses in Pathological Specimens by Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 219-227 Front Matter....Pages 229-229 Diagnosis of Prenatal Rubella by Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 231-240 Detection of Measles Virus in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Brain Tissue....Pages 241-259 The Use of the Polymerase Chain Reaction in Influenza Virus Detection and Characterization....Pages 260-271 Front Matter....Pages 229-229 Polymerase Chain-Reaction (PCR) Detection of Rhinoviruses....Pages 272-284 Polymerase Chain Reaction Diagnosis of Human Parvovirus B19....Pages 285-296 Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Adenoviruses....Pages 297-315 Detection of Coronaviruses by the Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 316-327 Front Matter....Pages 329-329 Detection of Human Enteroviruses Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 331-344 Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection and Typing of Rotaviruses in Fecal Specimens....Pages 345-354 Detection and Identification of Flaviviruses by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 355-371 Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Hantaviruses....Pages 372-388 Polymerase Chain Reaction Technology for Rabies Virus....Pages 389-405 Front Matter....Pages 407-407 Detection of Viruses in Clinical Materials Is Enhanced by the Polymerase Chain Reaction: Current State of Knowledge....Pages 409-413 Back Matter....Pages 415-426 The present volume of Frontiers of Virology provides new information on the advantages of using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of many viruses that cause human diseases, and on some difficulties of using it. The volume is divided into sections each of which dealing with the diagnosis of a group of human viruses: (1) human lentiviruses (HIV-1, AIDS virus) and retroviruses (HTLV I and II and human spumaviruses), (2) hepatitis viruses A, B,
C and Delta, (3) herpesviruses (HSV, VZV, HCMV, EBV,and HHV-6), (4) papilloma JC viruses and BK-J 1 virus, (5)
airborne and respiratory viruses, rubella, measles,
influenza, rhinoviruses, parovirus B19, adenoviruses and coronaviruses, and (6) additional disease-causing RNA viruses, e.g. rabies virus, flaviviruses, hantaviruses and intestinal virus (picorna virus and rota virus). In dealing with these issues the authors describe both the advantages offered by PCR technology and the current limitations of this technology. In addition, the authors provide basic information on the virus and the disease caused by it and explain how to make an accurate PCR diagnosis.
The present book transmits the excitement associated with this advancing frontier in virologyand is the first attempt to collect the knowledge relating to this new diagnostic technology in one volume. The present volume of Frontiers of Virology provides new information on the advantages of using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of many viruses that cause human diseases, and on some difficulties of using it. The volume is divided into sections each of which dealing with the diagnosis of a group of human viruses: (1) human lentiviruses (HIV-1, AIDS virus) and retroviruses (HTLV I and II and human spumaviruses), (2) hepatitis viruses A, B, C and Delta, (3) herpesviruses (HSV, VZV, HCMV, EBV, and HHV-6), (4) papilloma JC viruses and BK-J 1 virus, (5) airborne and respiratory viruses, rubella, measles, influenza, rhinoviruses, parovirus B19, adenoviruses and coronaviruses, and (6) additional disease-causing RNA viruses, e.g. rabies virus, flaviviruses, hantaviruses and intestinal virus (picorna virus and rota virus). In dealing with these issues the authors describe both the advantages offered by PCR technology and the current limitations of this technology. In addition, the authors provide basic information on the virus and the disease caused by it and explain how to make an accurate PCR diagnosis. The present book transmits the excitement associated with this advancing frontier in virologyand is the first attempt to collect the knowledge relating to this new diagnostic technology in one volume