Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease : Etiology, Treatment, and Outcomes

Diabetes and cardiovascular disease together account for the largest portion of health care spending compared to all other diseases in Western society. This work seeks to provide an understanding of the causes of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. As this understanding becomes more widely appreciated, it will serve as a foundation for evidence-based care and wider acceptance of sound science. The International Conference on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, held in Winnipeg, in June 1999, was organized to bring together a multi-disciplinary group of researchers dedicated to further knowledge amongst researchers, care givers, and the managers of the health system. The invited speakers submitted their works for publication, which serves as the basis for this book. Major themes include: epidemiology of diabetes mellitus, metabolic risk factors in diabetes and cardiovascular disease, hypertension in diabetes mellitus, cardiac function in diabetes, glycemic control and improved cardiovascular function, diabetes management, and endothelial function in diabetes. Front Matter....Pages i-xi Type 2 Diabetes in Youth: A New Epidemic....Pages 1-5 Undiagnosed Diabetes Burden and Significance in the Canadian Population....Pages 7-10 Genes, Environment and Diabetes in Canadian Aboriginal Communities....Pages 11-20 Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa....Pages 21-26 Coronary Heart Disease and Risk Factors in Asian Indians....Pages 27-34 The Plasma Glucose Level - A Continuous Risk Factor for Vascular Disease in Both Diabetic and Non-Diabetic People....Pages 35-39 Modified Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk....Pages 41-48 Advances in Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Atherosclerosis....Pages 49-58 Homocysteine as a Risk Factor in Cardiovascular Disease....Pages 59-64 Endothelial Integrity and Repair....Pages 65-74 Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction in the Diabetic Heart....Pages 75-86 A Study of Vascular Wound Healing in a Rabbit Model of Type I Diabetes....Pages 87-96 Endothelins in the Microvasculature and Heart in Diabetes....Pages 97-108 Diabetes and Endothelial Function: Implications for Coronary Angioplasty....Pages 109-114 The Effect of Hypertension in Diabetes....Pages 115-117 The Diabetic Hypertensive (or Hypertensive Diabetic) - A Compelling Need to Optimize Blood Pressure....Pages 119-125 Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Diabetic or Hypertensive Subjects: Role of Collagen Alterations....Pages 127-132 Alterations in the Vascular Actions of Insulin in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and Hypertension....Pages 133-142 Cardiac Hypertrophy in Diabetes Patients With and Without Hypertension: Effects of Troglitazone, a Novel Antidiabetic Drug, on Diastolic Function....Pages 143-148 Cost and Benefits of Blood Pressure Monitoring and Control....Pages 149-154 Malonyl Coa Control of Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Diabetic Rat Heart....Pages 155-165 Alterations in 1,2-Diacylglycerols and Ceramides in Diabetic Rat Heart....Pages 167-173 Regulation of Myocardial Phospholipid N-Methylation By Insulin and Diabetes....Pages 175-181 Reduction of Phosphatidylinositol -4,5-Bisphosphate mass in Heart Sarcolemma during Diabetic Cardiomyopathy....Pages 183-190 Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Sphingomyelinase and Ceramides Activate Tyrosine Kinase, P21ras and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase: Implications for Glucose Transport and Insulin Resistance....Pages 191-200 Antioxidants, Free Radical Stress and Diabetes....Pages 201-211 Oxidative Stress and Functional Deficit in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy....Pages 213-220 Ketosis and the Generation of Oxygen Radicals in Diabetes Mellitus....Pages 221-227 Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Hemodynamic and Cardiometabolic Correlates in Experimental Myocardial Infarction....Pages 229-240 Cardiac Function in Perfused Hearts from Diabetic Mice....Pages 241-245 Mg 2+ -Dependent Atpase Activity in Cardiac Myofibrils from The Insulin-Resistant JCR:La-Cp Rat....Pages 247-252 Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Families in Intracellular Signaling and Diabetes....Pages 253-261 Alterations in G-Protein-Linked Signal Transduction in Vascular Smooth Muscle in Diabetes....Pages 263-271 Mechanism of HDL Lowering In Insulin Resistant States....Pages 273-277 Insulin Treatment Post Myocardial Infarction: The Digami Study....Pages 279-284 Response to Ischemia and Endogenous Myocardial Protection in the Diabetic Heart....Pages 285-293 Type 2 Diabetes: Pharmacological Intervention in an Animal Model....Pages 295-302 The Diabetic Heart and Cardiac Glycosides....Pages 303-310 Hyperglycemia-Induced Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Implications in The Pathogenesis of Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetes....Pages 311-318 Regulation of Myocardial and Skeletal Muscle Na,K-ATPase in Diabetes Mellitus in Humans and Animals....Pages 319-322 Food Strategies For Diabetes And Heart Health....Pages 323-329 The Atherosclerosis Reversal Clinic: The Way of the Future....Pages 331-335 Lipid Clinics/Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Clinics Current State and Future Consideration....Pages 337-347 Amputation Prevention and Rehabilitation in Diabetes....Pages 349-358 Laboratory Testing in Diabetes Mellitus....Pages 359-366 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Brian O’Connor North Shore Health Region Vancouver....Pages 367-371 Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Canadians with Diabetes Mellitus....Pages 373-380 G7 Project Promoting Heart Health....Pages 381-384 Canadian Heart Health Initiative: Research Review....Pages 385-387 Putting Policy Into Action....Pages 389-392 National and International Strategies to Prevent Obesity and Diabetes....Pages 393-400 The Diabetes Council of Canada (DCC): Coordinating National Diabetes Strategies....Pages 401-403 The Federal Government and Diabetes an Incremental Process....Pages 405-409 Back Matter....Pages 411-415 To provide a reference for decision makers, researchers from a broad range of fields report findings relevant to the care of individuals and communities burdened with the cost of the growing incidence of the two diseases. They cover the epidemiology and genetic determinants of diabetes mellitus, metabolic risk factors in diabetes and cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, cardiac lipid metabolism in diabetes, cardiac function and oxidative stress in diabetes, glycemic control and improved cardiovascular function, a multidisciplinary approach to managing diabetes, health promotion in preventing diabetes and its complications, and health policies and national strategies in diabetes. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR