Devil's Tulip: A Dark Mafia Romance (Nightshades Book 2)

Front Cover Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Page Brief Contents CONTENTS (with direct page links) PART I - Developing Perspective PART II - Key Concepts for Astronomy PART III- Learning from Other Worlds PART IV - A Deeper Look at Nature PART V - Stars PART VI - Galaxies and Beyond PART VII - Life on Earth and Beyond PART I - DEVELOPING PERSPECTIVE 1. A Modern View of the Universe 1.1. The Scale of the Universe 1.2. The History of the Universe 1.3. Spaceship Earth 1.4. The Human Adventure of Astronomy The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Common Misconceptions: The Meaning of a Light-Year Mathematical Insight 1.1: How Far Is a Light-Year? An Introduction to Astronomical Problem Solving Special Topic: How Many Planets Are There in Our Solar System? Mathematical Insight 1.2: The Scale of Space and Time Common Misconceptions: Confusing Very Different Things Mathematical Insight 1.3: Order of Magnitude Estimation Cosmic Context Figure 1.10: Our Cosmic Origins Mathematical Insight 1.4: Speeds of Rotation and Orbit 2. Discovering the Universe for Yourself 2.1. Patterns In the Night Sky 2.2. The Reason for Seasons 2.3. The Moon, our Constant Companion 2.4. The Ancient Mystery of the Planets The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Mathematical Insight 2.1: Angular Size, Physical Size, and Distance Common Misconceptions: The Moon Illusion Common Misconceptions: Stars in the Daytime Common Misconceptions: What Makes the North Star Special? Common Misconceptions: The Cause of Seasons Cosmic Context Figure 2.15: The Seasons Common Misconceptions: High Noon Common Misconceptions: Sun Signs Common Misconceptions: Shadows and the Moon Common Misconceptions: The “Dark Side” of the Moon Common Misconceptions: Moon in the Daytime and Stars on the Moon Special Topic: Does the Moon Influence Human Behavior? Special Topic: Who First Proposed a Sun-Centered Solar System? 3. The Science of Astronomy 3.1. The Ancient Roots of Science 3.2. Ancient Greek Science 3.3. The Copernican Revolution 3.4. The Nature of Science 3.5. Astrology The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Special Topic: Aristotle Common Misconceptions: Columbus and a Flat Earth Special Topic: Eratosthenes Measures Earth Mathematical Insight 3.1: Eccentricity and Planetary Orbits Mathematical Insight 3.2: Kepler’s Third Law Cosmic Context Figure 3.25: The Copernican Revolution Special Topic: And Yet It Moves Common Misconceptions: Eggs on the Equinox Special Topic: Logic and Science Extraordinary Claims: Earth Orbits the Sun S1. Celestial Timekeping and Navigation S1.1. Astronomical Time Periods S1.2. Celestial Coordinates and Motion in the Sky S1.3. Principles of Celestial Navigation The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Mathematical Insight S1.1: The Copernican Layout of the Solar System Special Topic: Solar Days and the Analemma Mathematical Insight S1.2: Time by the Stars Common Misconceptions: Compass Directions Cosmic Context Part I: Our Expanding Perspective PART II - KEY CONCEPTS FOR ASTRONOMY 4. Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity 4.1. Describing Motion: Examples from Daily Life 4.2. Newton’s Laws of Motion 4.3. Conservation Laws in Astronomy 4.4. The Universal Law of Gravitation 4.5. Orbits, Tides, and the Acceleration of Gravity The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Common Misconceptions: No Gravity in Space? Mathematical Insight 4.1: Units of Force, Mass, and Weight Common Misconceptions: What Makes a Rocket Launch? Mathematical Insight 4.2: Mass-Energy Mathematical Insight 4.3: Newton’s Version of Kepler’s Third Law Mathematical Insight 4.4: Escape Velocity Common Misconceptions: The Origin of Tides Mathematical Insight 4.5: The Acceleration of Gravity 5. Light and Matter : Reading Mesages from the Cosmos 5.1. Light in Everyday Life 5.2. Properties of Light 5.3. Properties of Matter 5.4. Learning from Light The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Common Misconceptions: Is Radiation Dangerous? Common Misconceptions: Can you Hear Radio Waves or See an X Ray? Mathematical Insight 5.1: Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy Special Topic: What Do Polarized Sunglasses Have to Do with Astronomy? Common Misconceptions: The Illusion of Solidity Common Misconceptions: One Phase at a Time? Extraordinary Claims: We Can Never Learn the Composition of Stars Mathematical Insight 5.2: Laws of Thermal Radiation Cosmic Context Figure 5.25: Interpreting a Spectrum Mathematical Insight 5.3: The Doppler Shift 6. Telescopes: Portals of Discovery 6.1. Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors 6.2. Telescopes: Giant Eyes 6.3. Telescopes and the Atmosphere 6.4. Telescopes Across the Spectrum The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Common Misconceptions: Magnification and Telescopes Mathematical Insight 6.1: Angular Resolution Mathematical Insight 6.2: The Diffraction Limit Common Misconceptions: Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star Common Misconceptions: Closer to the Stars? Special Topic: Would You Like Your Own Telescope? Cosmic Context Part II: The Universality of Physics PART III - LEARNING FROM OTHER WORLDS 7. Our Planetary System 7.1. Studying the Solar System 7.2. Patterns in the Solar System 7.3. Spacecraft Exploration of the Solar System The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Cosmic Context Figure 7.1: The Solar System Special Topic: How Did We Learn the Scale of the Solar System? 8. Formation of the Solar System 8.1. The Search for Origins 8.2. Explaining the Major Features of the Solar System 8.3. The Age of the Solar System The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Common Misconceptions: Solar Gravity and the Density of Planets Extraordinary Claims: A Giant Impact Made Our Moon Mathematical Insight 8.1: Radiometric Dating Special Topic: What Started the Collapse of the Solar Nebula? 9. Planetary Geology: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 9.1. Connecting Planetary Interiors and Surfaces 9.2. Shaping Planetary Surfaces 9.3. Geology of the Moon and Mercury 9.4. Geology of Mars 9.5. Geology of Venus 9.6. The Unique Geology of Earth The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Common Misconceptions: Earth Is Not Full of Molten Lava Special Topic: How Do We Know What’s Inside Earth? Common Misconceptions: Pressure and Temperature Mathematical Insight 9.1: The Surface Area–to–Volume Ratio Extraordinary Claims: Martians! 10. Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1. Atmospheric Basics 10.2. Weather and Climate 10.3. Atmospheres of the Moon and Mercury 10.4. The Atmospheric History of Mars 10.5. The Atmospheric History of Venus 10.6. Earth’s Unique Atmosphere The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Mathematical Insight 10.1: “No Greenhouse” Temperatures Common Misconceptions: Temperatures at High Altitude Common Misconceptions: Why is the Sky Blue? Common Misconceptions: Toilets in the Southern Hemisphere Special Topic: Weather and Chaos Mathematical Insight 10.2: Thermal Escape from an Atmosphere Common Misconceptions: Ozone—Good or Bad? Common Misconceptions: The Greenhouse Effect Cosmic Context Figure 10.42: Global Warming Extraordinary Claims: Human Activity Can Change the Climate 11. Jovian Planet Systems 11.1. A Different Kind of Planet 11.2. A Wealth of Worlds: Satellites of Ice and Rock 11.3. Jovian Planet Rings The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Special Topic: How Were Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto Discovered? 12. Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets: Their Nature , Orbits, and Impacts 12.1. Classifying Small Bodies 12.2. Asteroids 12.3. Comets 12.4. Pluto and the Kuiper Belt 12.5. Cosmic Collisions: Small Bodies versus the Planets The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Common Misconceptions: Dodge Those Asteroids! Extraordinary Claims: The Death of the Dinosaurs Was Catastrophic, Not Gradual 13. Other Planetary Systems: The New Science of Distant Worlds 13.1. Detecting Planets Around Other Stars 13.2. The Nature of Planets Around Other Stars 13.3. The Formation of Other Solar Systems 13.4. The Future of Extrasolar Planetary Science The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Special Topic: How Did We Learn That Other Stars Are Suns? Special Topic: The Names of Extrasolar Planets Cosmic Context Figure 13.6: Detecting Extrasolaring Planets Mathematical Insight 13.1: Finding Orbital Distances for Extrasolar Planets Mathematical Insight 13.2: Finding Masses of Extrasolar Planets Mathematical Insight 13.3: Finding Sizes of Extrasolar Planets Cosmic Context Part III: Learning from Other Worlds PART IV - A DEEPER LOOK AT NATURE S2. Space and Time S2.1. Einstein’s Revolution S2.2. Relative Motion S2.3. The Reality of Space and Time S2.4. Toward a New Common Sense The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Exercises and Problems Special Topic: What If Light Can’t Catch You? Mathematical Insight S2.1: The Time Dilation Formula Mathematical Insight S2.2: Formulas of Special Relativity Special Topic: Measuring the Speed of Light Mathematical Insight S2.3: Deriving E = mc2 S3. Spacetime and Gravity S3.1. Einstein’s Second Revolution S3.2. Understanding Spacetime S3.3. A New View of Gravity S3.4. Testing General Relativity S3.5. Hyperspace, Wormholes, and Warp Drive S3.6. The Last Word The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Exercises and Problems Special Topic: Einstein’s Leap Mathematical Insight S3.1: Spacetime Geometry Special Topic: The Twin Paradox S4. Building Blocks of the Universe S4.1. The Quantum Revolution S4.2. Fundamental Particles and Forces S4.3. Uncertainty and Exclusion in the Quantum Realm S4.4. Key Quantum Effects in Astronomy The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Exercises and Problems Extraordinary Claims: Faster-Than-Light Neutrinos Special Topic: A String Theory of Everything? Special Topic: Does God Play Dice? Mathematical Insight S4.1: Electron Waves in Atoms Cosmic Context Part IV: A Deeper Look at Nature PART V - STARS 14. Our Star 14.1. A Closer Look at the Sun 14.2. Nuclear Fusion in the Sun 14.3. The Sun-Earth Connection The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Common Misconceptions : The Sun Is Not on Fire Mathematical Insight 14.1: Mass-Energy Conversion in Hydrogen Fusion Mathematical Insight 14.2: Pressure in the Sun: The Ideal Gas Law 15. Surveying the Stars 15.1. Properties of Stars 15.2. Patterns Among Stars 15.3. Star Clusters The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Mathematical Insight 15.1: The Inverse Square Law for Light Mathematical Insight 15.2: The Parallax Formula Mathematical Insight 15.3: The Modern Magnitude System Common Misconceptions: Photos of Stars Mathematical Insight 15.4: Measuring Stellar Masses Mathematical Insight 15.5: Calculating Stellar Radii Cosmic Context Figure 15.10: Reading an H-R Diagram 16. Star Birth 16.1. Stellar Nurseries 16.2. Stages of Star Birth 16.3. Masses of Newborn Stars The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Mathematical Insight 16.1: Gravity versus Pressure 17. Star Stuff 17.1. Lives in the Balance 17.2. Life as a Low-Mass Star 17.3. Life as a High-Mass Star 17.4. The Roles of Mass and Mass Exchange The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Special Topic: How Long Is 5 Billion Years? Cosmic Context Figure 17.19: Summary of Stellar Lives 18. The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard 18.1. White Dwarfs 18.2. Neutron Stars 18.3. Black Holes: Gravity’s Ultimate Victory 18.4. Extreme Events The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Mathematical Insight 18.1: The Schwarzschild Radius Common Misconceptions: Black Holes Don’t Suck Extraordinary Claims: Neutron Stars and Black Holes Are Real Cosmic Context Part V: Balancing Pressure and Gravity PART VI - GALAXIES AND BEYOND 19. Our Galaxy 19.1. The Milky Way Revealed 19.2. Galactic Recycling 19.3. The History of the Milky Way 19.4. The Galactic Center The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Common Misconceptions: The Halo of a Galaxy Special Topic: How Did We Learn the Structure of the Milky Way? Special Topic: How Do We Determine Stellar Orbits? Mathematical Insight 19.1: Using Stellar Orbits to Measure Galactic Mass Common Misconceptions: The Sound of Space Common Misconceptions: What Is a Nebula? Cosmic Context Figure 19.22: The Galactic Center 20. Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology 20.1. Islands of Stars 20.2. Measuring Galactic Distances 20.3. The Age of the Universe The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Mathematical Insight 20.1: Standard Candles Special Topic: Who Discovered the Expanding Universe? Mathematical Insight 20.2: Redshift Mathematical Insight 20.3: Understanding Hubble’s Law Common Misconceptions: What Is the Universe Expanding Into? Mathematical Insight 20.4: Age from Hubble’s Constant Mathematical Insight 20.5: Cosmological Redshift and the Stretching of Light Common Misconceptions: Beyond the Horizon 21. Galaxy Evolution 21.1. Looking Back Through Time 21.2. The Lives of Galaxies 21.3. The Role of Supermassive Black Holes 21.4. Gas Beyond the Stars The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Mathematical Insight 21.1: Feeding a Black Hole Mathematical Insight 21.2: Weighing Supermassive Black Holes 22. The Birth of the Universe 22.1. The Big Bang Theory 22.2. Evidence for the Big Bang 22.3. The Big Bang and Inflation 22.4. Observing the Big Bang for Yourself The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Cosmic Context Figure 22.5: The Early Universe Extraordinary Claims: The Universe Doesn’t Change with Time Mathematical Insight 22.1: Temperature and Wavelength of Background Radiation 23. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe 23.1. Unseen Influences in the Cosmos 23.2. Evidence for Dark Matter 23.3. Structure Formation 23.4. Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Mathematical Insight 23.1: Mass-to-Light Ratio Mathematical Insight 23.2: Finding Cluster Masses from Galaxy Orbits Mathematical Insight 23.3: Finding Cluster Masses from Gas Temperature Extraordinary Claims: Most of the Universe’s Matter Is Dark Special Topic: Einstein’s Greatest Blunder Cosmic Context Figure 23.20: Dark Matter and Dark Energy Cosmic Context Part VI: Galaxy Evolution PART VII - LIFE ON EARTH AND BEYOND 24. Life in the Universe 24.1. Life on Earth 24.2. Life in the Solar System 24.3. Life Around Other Stars 24.4. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence 24.5. Interstellar Travel and Its Implications for Civilization The BIG Picture Summary of Key Concepts Visual Skills Check Exercises and Problems Special Topic: Evolution and the Schools Special Topic: What is Life? Extraordinary Claims: Aliens Are Visiting Earth in UFOs Cosmic Context Part VII: A Universe of Life? Credits APPENDIXES A: Useful Numbers B: Useful Formulas C: A Few Mathematical Skills D: The Periodic Table of the Elements E: Planetary Data F: Stellar Data G: Galaxy Data H: The 88 Constellations I: Star Charts J: Key to Icons on Figures Glossary a b c d e f g h - i j - k - l m n o p q r s t - u v w x - z INDEX (with direct page links) A B - C D E F - G H I - J - K - L M N O P Q - R - S T U V - W X - Y - Z You Are Here in Space You Are Here in Time Cosmic Perspective CD