Development of Mathematical Cognition: Neural Substrates and Genetic Influences (Volume 2) (Mathematical Cognition and Learning (Print) (Volume 2))

__Development of Mathematical Cognition: Neural Substrates and Genetic Influences__ reviews advances in extant imaging modalities and the application of brain stimulation techniques for improving mathematical learning. It goes on to explore the role genetics and environmental influences have in the development of math abilities and disabilities. Focusing on the neural substrates and genetic factors associated with both the typical and atypical development of mathematical thinking and learning, this second volume in the __Mathematical Cognition and Learning__ series integrates the latest in innovative measures and methodological advances from the top researchers in the field. * Provides details about new progress made in the study of neural correlates of numerical and arithmetic cognition * Addresses recent work in quantitative and molecular genetics * Works to improve instruction in numerical, arithmetical, and algebraic thinking and learning * Informs policy to help increase the level of mathematical proficiency among the general public Cover Development of Mathematical Cognition: Neural Substrates and Genetic Influences Copyright Contributors Foreword References Preface Introduction: How the Study of Neurobiological and Genetic Factors Can Enhance Our Understanding of Mathematical Cognitive ... Introduction Neurobiological Perspectives on Mathematical Cognitive Development Using Neuroimaging Methods to Study Children's Mathematical Development Mathematical Cognition and Development: Brain Structure and Function A Brief History The Developing Brain Brain Imaging Methods Used in Studying Mathematical Cognitive Development Criticisms of fMRI Reverse Inference How Brain Imaging Can Advance Cognitive Theorizing Behavioral and Neuro-genetics of Mathematical Cognition Interpretive Challenges Behavioral Genetics in the Age of Molecular Genetics and Neuroscience Summary and Conclusions References Part I: Neural substrates Number Symbols in the Brain Introduction Which Brain Regions Are Engaged During the Processing of Numerical Symbols? Evidence from Comparison Tasks Response-Selection Confounds Evidence from fMRI Adaptation Studies Semantic or Perceptual Processing of Number Symbols in the IPS? Numerical Symbols in the Brain—Evidence from Developmental Studies Perceptual Representation of Number Symbols in the Brain Are Symbolic and Nonsymbolic Quantity Representations Linked in the Brain? Differences in Cardinal and Ordinal Processing of Number Symbols in the Brain Conclusions and Future Directions Acknowledgments References Neural and Behavioral Signatures of Core Numerical Abilities and Early Symbolic Number Development Introduction Two Systems for Nonverbal Numerical Cognition Parallel Individuation System Approximate Number System Behavioral Evidence for Distinct Systems of Numerical Cognition The Cognitive Neuroscience of Two Core Systems of Number Establishing the Neural Signatures of Two Systems Distinct Brain Mechanisms of Two Systems Continuity in Neural Signatures over Development Change in Core Numerical Processing over Development The Relationship Between Core Systems and Symbolic Number Abilities Approximate Number System and Symbolic Number and Mathematics Abilities The Relationship of Core Systems to Early Number Concept Development Conclusions Acknowledgments References A Neurodevelopmental Perspective on the Role of Memory Systems in Children’s Math Learning Introduction Development of Memory-Based Strategies in Children’s Mathematics Learning Declarative Memory and Its Development Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System Memory Processes in the Context of Mathematics Learning Children Engage the MTL Memory System Differently Than Adults Individual Differences in Children’s Retrieval Strategy Use Are Associated with the MTL Decoding Brain Activity Patterns Associated with Counting and Retrieval Strategies Hippocampal-Prefrontal Cortex Circuits and Their Role in Children’s Mathematics Learning Longitudinal Changes in MTL Response, Representations and Connectivity Associated with Memory-Based Retrieval Why Adults May Not Rely on MTL Memory Systems for Mathematics Performance and Learning Conclusions Acknowledgments References Finger Representation and Finger-Based Strategies in the Acquisition of Number Meaning and Arithmetic Introduction Fingers in Numerical and Arithmetic Processing The Role of Fingers and Finger Representation in Number Processing Neural Substrates for Hand and Number Processing Finger-Based Strategies and Finger Representation in Arithmetic Neural Substrates for Finger-Related Activation During Arithmetic Problem Solving Finger-Based Strategies and Operation-Specific Processes A Model Supporting Operation-Specific Processes Behavioral Evidence for Operation-Specific Processes Operation-Specific Neural Networks Operation-Specific Processes as a Consequence of Operation-Dependent Teaching Methods Operation-Dependent Finger-Related Activations Finger Counting, Cultural Influence, and Spatial-Numerical Relations Future Directions Conclusions References Neurocognitive Architectures and the Nonsymbolic Foundations of Fractions Understanding Introduction Fundamental Limitations of the Human Cognitive Architecture A Competing View: The Ratio Processing System How the RPS May Influence Fraction Learning Emerging Behavioral and Neuroimaging Evidence for RPS Model Predictions Open Questions Charting the Development and Architecture of the RPS Leveraging the RPS to Support Fraction Learning RPS and Dyscalculia? Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgments References Developmental Dyscalculia and the Brain * Introduction Developmental Dyscalculia Diagnosis of Developmental Dyscalculia What Neuroimaging Is Telling Us about Developmental Dyscalculia Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Positron Emission Tomography Electroencephalography/Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Near Infrared Spectroscopy Neuronal Correlates of Developmental Dyscalculia Numbers in the Adult Brain Typical Development of Number Representations in the Brain Deficient Functional Networks Aberrant Brain Activation in Number-Related Areas in DD Aberrant Brain Activation in Domain-General Areas in DD Compensatory Mechanisms in DD Changes of Brain Function Due to Development and Intervention Abnormal Neuronal Macro- and Microstructures Brain Structure Fiber Connections Neurometabolites Conclusions and Future Directions References Neurocognitive Components of Mathematical Skills and Dyscalculia Introduction Accessing Quantity Representations Working Memory: The Role of Serial Order Executive Functions Discussion and Conclusions References Individual Differences in Arithmetic Fact Retrieval Introduction Development and Measurement of Arithmetic Fact Retrieval Neurocognitive Determinants of Individual Differences in Arithmetic Fact Retrieval Numerical Magnitude Processing Phonological Processing Neural Correlates of Arithmetic Fact Retrieval Arithmetic Fact Retrieval in the (Developing) Brain Individual Differences in Brain Activity During Fact Retrieval Connections Between Areas of the Arithmetic Fact-Retrieval Network Conclusions and Future Directions References Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and the Enhancement of Numerical Cognition Introduction A Brief History tES Today The Forms of tES tDCS tRNS Principles and Limitations of tES Experiments Placebo Effects Online and Offline Effects: Single Session and Training Studies Depth of Stimulation Choosing the Brain Region Size, Number, and Placement of the Electrodes Choosing the Type of Stimulation Evidence of tES-Induced Enhancement of Numerical Cognition Numerosity Symbolic and Magnitude Processing Symbolic-magnitude mapping Multiple electrodes Arithmetic Operations All or Null? The Case of Nonsignificant Results Evidence of tES-Induced Enhancements in Dysfunctional Numerical Cognition Mathematics Anxiety Dyscalculia The To-Do List Cognitive Cost Transfer Effects Individual Differences Ecological Validity Conclusions References Part II: Genetic Influences Individual Differences in Mathematics Ability: A Behavioral Genetic Approach Introduction Introduction to Quantitative Genetics Etiology of Individual Differences in Mathematics Etiology of the Links between Mathematics Ability and Other Traits Multivariate Genetic Designs Etiology of Relationships between Mathematics and Reading as well as Language-Related Skills Origin of Relationships between Mathematics and Spatial Ability Etiology of Relationships among Mathematical Subskills Overlap in Genetic Influences on Academic Subjects Genetic Effects Specific to Mathematics Etiology of Relationships between Mathematical Ability and Related Affective Factors Mathematical Development Molecular Genetic Studies of Mathematics Neurobiological Mechanisms Conclusions Acknowledgment References Genetic Syndromes as Model Pathways to Mathematical Learning Difficulties: Fragile X, Turner, and 22q Deletion Syndromes Introduction Why Focus on Fragile X, Turner, and 22q Deletion Syndromes to Study MLD? Contributions of Syndrome Research to Understanding MLD Syndromes as Models of MLD Fragile X Syndrome Turner Syndrome Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome MLD Frequency and Severity in Children with Fragile X, Turner, or 22q11.2 Deletion Syndromes Correlates as Indicators of Pathways to or Subtypes of MLD: Contributions and Limitations Correlates as Indicators of MLD Specificity in Fragile X, Turner, and 22q11.2DS Characterizing MLD in Girls with Fragile X Syndrome Characterizing MLD in Girls with Turner Syndrome Characterizing MLD in Children with 22q11.2DS Models of Relations Between Math, Executive Function, and Attention Syndrome Models Contribute to Understanding Neuro-Correlates of MLD Conclusions Acknowledgments References Index 0-9, and Symbols) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Back Cover

Development of Mathematical Cognition: Neural Substrates and Genetic Influences reviews advances in extant imaging modalities and the application of brain stimulation techniques for improving mathematical learning. It goes on to explore the role genetics and environmental influences have in the development of math abilities and disabilities.

Focusing on the neural substrates and genetic factors associated with both the typical and atypical development of mathematical thinking and learning, this second volume in the Mathematical Cognition and Learning series integrates the latest in innovative measures and methodological advances from the top researchers in the field.

• Provides details about new progress made in the study of neural correlates of numerical and arithmetic cognition
• Addresses recent work in quantitative and molecular genetics
• Works to improve instruction in numerical, arithmetical, and algebraic thinking and learning
• Informs policy to help increase the level of mathematical proficiency among the general public

Annotation "Development of Mathematical Cognition: Neural Substrates and Genetic Influences" reviews advances in extant imaging modalities and the application of brain stimulation techniques for improving mathematical learning. It goes on to explore the role genetics and environmental influences have in the development of math abilities and disabilities. Focusing on the neural substrates and genetic factors associated with both the typical and atypical development of mathematical thinking and learning, this second volume in the "Mathematical Cognition and Learning" series integrates the latest in innovative measures and methodological advances from the top researchers in the field. Provides details about new progress made in the study of neural correlates of numerical and arithmetic cognitionAddresses recent work in quantitative and molecular geneticsWorks to improve instruction in numerical, arithmetical, and algebraic thinking and learningInforms policy to help increase the level of mathematical proficiency among the general public Focusing on the neural substrates and genetic factors associated with both the typical and atypical development of mathematical thinking and learning, this second volume in the "Mathematical Cognition and Learning" series integrates the latest in innovative measures and methodological advances from the top researchers in the field, provides details about new progress made in the study of neural correlates of numerical and arithmetic cognition, and addresses recent work in quantitative and molecular genetics-- Source other that the Library of Congress