Development of Geopolymer From Pond Ash-Thermal Power Plant Waste : Novel Constructional Materials for Civil Engineers

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Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Chapter 1 Historical Development of Construction Materials – From Stone Age to Modern Age 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Chronological Development of Construction 1.2.1 Neolithic Age 1.2.2 Copper Age and Bronze Age 1.2.3 Iron Age and Steel Age 1.2.4 Ancient Mesopotamia 1.2.5 Ancient Egypt 1.2.6 Ancient Greece and Rome 1.2.7 Ancient China 1.2.8 The Middle Ages 1.2.9 The Renaissance 1.2.10 The Seventeenth Century 1.2.11 The Eighteenth Century 1.2.12 The Nineteenth Century 1.2.13 The Twentieth Century 1.3 Different Types of Ash Used in Construction 1.3.1 Wood Ash 1.3.2 Rice Husk Ash 1.3.3 Cigar Ash 1.3.4 Volcanic Ash 1.3.5 Quarry Dust 1.3.6 Coconut Shell Ash 1.3.7 Coal Ash and Fly Ash 1.3.8 Fly Ash Generation 1.3.9 Nature and Composition of Thermal Power Plant Ashes 1.3.10 Pond Ash 1.3.11 Various Uses of Pulverized Fuel Ash 1.3.12 Importance of Pond Ash Management 1.4 Physical Characteristics of Coal Ashes 1.5 Coal Ash Utilization 1.6 Slag 1.6.1 Generation of Slag 1.6.2 Slag Properties and Utilization 1.7 Geopolymers 1.7.1 Constituents of Geopolymers 1.7.2 Geopolymer Properties 1.8 Durability of Concrete 1.9 Accelerated Durability Testing 1.10 Conclusion(S) Acknowledgments References Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Geopolymer Cementitious Materials 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Parameters of Geopolymer Concrete 2.3 Geopolymer Formation Mechanism 2.4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 3 Pond Ash (PA)-Based Geopolymer Cementitious Materials 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Experimental Details 3.2.1 Materials 3.2.1.1 Pond Ash 3.2.1.2 Physical Properties of Pond Ash 3.2.1.3 Chemicals 3.2.2 Preparation of Geopolymer from Pond Ash 3.2.3 Test Methods 3.2.4 Results and Discussion 3.3 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 4 Quantification of Variables on Strength Property of Pond Ash (PA)-Based Geopolymer 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Experimental Details 4.2.1 Materials and Method 4.2.2 Preparation of Geopolymer from Raw Materials 4.2.3 Characterization of Prepared Samples 4.3 Results and Discussion 4.3.1 Testing of Significance Coefficients 4.4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 5 Development of Pond Ash (PA)–High Carbon Ferrochrome (HCFC) Slag-Based Geopolymer Cementitious Materials 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Experimental Details 5.2.1 Source of Materials 5.2.2 PA/HCFC Slag-Based Geopolymer (GP) Preparation 5.2.3 PA/HCFC-Based Geopolymeric Mortar and Concrete 5.2.4 Characterizations of PA/HCFC-Based Geopolymeric Material 5.2.5 Results and Discussion 5.3 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 6 Pond Ash (PA)–Jute Fiber-Based Geopolymer Cementitious Materials 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Experimental Details 6.2.1 Chemicals and Materials 6.2.1.1 Physical Properties of Jute Fiber 6.2.2 PA/Jute Fiber-Based Geopolymer, Mortar and Concrete 6.2.3 Results and Discussion 6.3 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 7 Corrosion of Pond Ash (PA)-Based Geopolymer Products 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Experimental Details 7.2.1 Chemicals and Materials 7.2.2 Preparation of Pond Ash-Based Geopolymer Products 7.2.2.1 Pond Ash-Based Geopolymer Mortar Preparation 7.2.2.2 Pond Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete Preparation 7.2.3 Characterizations of Pa-Based Geopolymer GP Mortar/Concrete (Before and After) Corrosion 7.2.4 Results and Discussion 7.3 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 8 Applications, Challenges and Opportunities of Geopolymer Materials 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Challenges 8.3 Opportunity 8.4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Index EULA DEVELOPMENT OF GEOPOLYMER FROM POND ASH-THERMAL POWERPLANT WASTE Explains how geopolymer technologies using industrial waste obtained from thermal power plants become cementitious materials in construction sectors for civil engineers. Utilization of waste materials has become a global challenge since they endanger our environment. In this book, the authors demonstrate how to utilize fly ash/pond ash (waste materials from thermal power plants) to produce a novel material called'Geopolymer'(GP). Red mud, slags, etc., are mixed with fly ash to produce GP with enhanced strength. As shown in a few European countries, GP can replace cement, and some permanent structures constructed with GP are now appearing in a few advanced countries. GP, and geopolymer concrete, is considered suitable for the construction of roads, buildings, etc., and will eventually, fully or partially, replace cement. The book highlights the mechanism of the formation of GP from pond ash. Properties of structures made with GP concrete are found to be comparable to those made with cement concrete. Systematic investigations are presented to understand the chemistry of GP formation with pond ash materials. Performances of these materials above ambient temperature, as well as with different environmental conditions, are also evaluated. Audience The book will be used by civil engineers in the construction and ceramic industries, as well as the industrial waste sector. Researchers in materials science, structural and civil engineering, environmental science, and ceramic engineering, will also benefit. Additionally, the book is suitable for graduate courses in civil engineering. DEVELOPMENT OF GEOPOLYMER FROM POND ASH-THERMAL POWERPLANT WASTE Explains how geopolymer technologies using industrial waste obtained from thermal power plants become cementitious materials in construction sectors for civil engineers. Utilization of waste materials has become a global challenge since they endanger our environment. In this book, the authors demonstrate how to utilize fly ash/pond ash (waste materials from thermal power plants) to produce a novel material called ‘Geopolymer’ (GP). Red mud, slags, etc., are mixed with fly ash to produce GP with enhanced strength. As shown in a few European countries, GP can replace cement, and some permanent structures constructed with GP are now appearing in a few advanced countries. GP, and geopolymer concrete, is considered suitable for the construction of roads, buildings, etc., and will eventually, fully or partially, replace cement. The book highlights the mechanism of the formation of GP from pond ash. Properties of structures made with GP concrete are found to be comparable to those made with cement concrete. Systematic investigations are presented to understand the chemistry of GP formation with pond ash materials. Performances of these materials above ambient temperature, as well as with different environmental conditions, are also evaluated.