Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes : Removal of Emerging Contaminants From Wastewater Through Bio-nanotechnology

Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes: Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Wastewater through Bio-nanotechnology showcases profiles of the non-regulated contaminants termed as "emerging contaminants” which comprise industrial and household persistent toxic chemicals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, surfactants and surfactant residues, plasticizers and industrial additives, manufactured nanomaterials and nanoparticles, microplastics, etc. used extensively in everyday life. The occurrence of "emerging contaminants” in wastewater, and their behavior during wastewater treatment and production of drinking water are key issues in the re-use and recycling of water resources. This book focuses on the exploitation of Nano-biotechnology inclusive the state-of-the-art remediate strategies to degrade/detoxify/stabilize toxic and hazardous contaminants and restore the contaminated sites, which lacks in a more comprehensive manner in the existing titles on similar topics available in the global market. In addition, it discusses the potential environmental and health hazards and ecotoxicity associated with the widespread distribution of emerging contaminants in the water bodies. It also considers the life cycle assessment (LCA) of emerging (micro)-pollutants with suitable case studies from various industrial sources. Provides natural and eco-friendly solutions to deal with the problem of pollution Details underlying mechanisms of nanotechnology associated microbes for the removal of emerging contaminants Describes numerous successful field studies on the application of Bio-nanotechnology for eco-restoration of contaminated sites Presents recent advances and challenges in Bio-nanotechnology research and applications for sustainable development Provides authoritative contributions on the diverse aspects of Bio-nanotechnology by world's leading experts Front cover Half title Full title Copyright Contents Contributors 1 - Nanoadsorbents for scavenging emerging contaminants from wastewater 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Emerging contaminants 1.3 Occurrence of emerging contaminants in aquatic systems 1.4 Exposure pathways of emerging contaminants in the environment 1.5 Treatment technologies for removal of ECs 1.6 Conventional treatment methods 1.7 Emerging methods 1.7.1 Biological treatment method 1.7.2 Advanced oxidation process 1.8 Nanoadsorbents 1.9 Classification of nanoadsorbents 1.10 Methods for preparation of nanoadsorbents 1.11 Properties of nanoadsorbents 1.12 Mechanisms of nanoadsorption 1.13 The π-π interaction 1.14 Electrostatic interaction 1.15 Hydrophobic interaction 1.16 Hydrogen bonding 1.17 Factors affecting adsorption process 1.17.1 pH 1.17.2 Ionic strength 1.17.3 Dissolved organic matter 1.18 Conclusions References 2 - Treatment aspect of an emerging pollutant from Pharmaceutical industries using advanced oxidation process: past, curre ... 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Treatment technologies 2.2.1 Recovery process 2.2.2 Phase changing technologies 2.2.2.1 Adsorption 2.2.2.2 Membrane technology 2.2.3 Biological process 2.3 Advanced oxidation process 2.3.1 Nonphotochemical methods 2.3.1.1 Ozonation 2.3.1.2 Ozone and hydrogen peroxide (Peroxone) 2.3.2 Catalytic ozonation 2.3.3 Fenton system 2.3.3.1 Sulfate-based AOPs 2.3.4 Photochemical methods 2.3.4.1 O3 + UV Method 2.3.4.2 H2O2 +UV light Method 2.3.4.3 H2O2 +UV+ O3 Method 2.3.4.4 Photolysis 2.3.4.5 UV/persulfate 2.3.4.6 Photo-Fenton Method 2.3.4.7 Photocatalysis 2.3.4.8 Other AOPs 2.4 Future prospects References 3 - Membrane bioreactor (MBR) as an advanced wastewater treatment technology for removal of synthetic microplastics 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Microplastic generation and pollution 3.3 Effect of Synthetic microplastic pollution 3.4 Technical implementation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) for elimination micro plastic pollutants References 4 - Strategies to cope with the emerging waste water contaminants through adsorption regimes 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Uptake of pollutants from water via adsorption 4.3 Adsorbents and there use in purification of waters 4.4 Various emerging pollutants and their effects 4.4.1 Heavy metals 4.4.2 Dyes 4.4.3 Pharmaceuticals 4.4.4 Fluoride 4.4.5 Arsenic 4.4.6 Other emerging pollutants 4.5 Adsorption strategies for removal of emerging pollutants from waste waters 4.6 Adsorption of pollutants using hydrothermal carbonization: an environment safe procedure using carbon adsorbents 4.7 Use of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in adsorption 4.7.1 Dye adsorption 4.7.2 Pesticide(s) adsorption 4.7.3 Antibiotics/drugs adsorption 4.7.4 Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) 4.8 Metals and metal ions adsorption by HTCs 4.9 Adsorption of metal(s) from mixture of metals 4.10 Adsorption of heavy metals using HTCs 4.11 Use of cost-effective adsorbent for adsorption of heavy metals 4.12 Uptake of metals using low-cost adsorbent materials 4.13 Use of agricultural residues as adsorbents 4.14 Uses of industrial wastes as adsorbents 4.14.1 Marine materials 4.14.2 Clay and zeolite 4.15 Adsorption/biosorption of antibiotics from waste water 4.16 Elimination of heavy metals via adsorption/biosorption 4.17 Heavy metals uptake using activated sludge and sludge-derived materials 4.18 Uptake of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) 4.19 Future prospects 4.20 Conclusion References 5 - Performances of membrane bioreactor technology for treating domestic wastewater operated at different sludge retention ... 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Fundamentals of membrane bioreactors 5.1.2 Development of MBR studies 5.1.3 Membrane fouling in MBR systems 5.1.4 Performances of MBRs at high biomass retention 5.1.5 Task and purpose of the study 5.2 Materials and methods 5.2.1 Experimental setup 5.2.2 Sludge retention time 5.2.3 Analysis methods 5.3 Results and discussion 5.3.1 Effect of SRTs on sludge concentration in the system 5.3.2 Effects of SRT on sludge bioactivity 5.3.3 Effect of SRT on SVI and viscosity 5.3.4 Effects of SRT on COD removal in the system 5.4 Influence of SRT on sludge particle size distribution 5.5 Conclusions Acknowledgements Abbreviations References 6 - Advances in nanotechnologies of waste water treatment: strategies and emerging opportunities 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Metallic nanoparticles 6.3 Nanoadsorbents 6.4 Nanobiosorbents 6.5 Nanomembranes 6.6 Nanocatalysts 6.6.1 Photocatalyst based advance oxidation process 6.7 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 7 - Water and Wastewater Treatment through Ozone-based technologies 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Global water scenario 7.3 Strategies for solving the water shortage issues 7.4 Why ozone-based technologies used for water and wastewater treatment? 7.4.1 Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) 7.4.2 Benefits of ozone (O3) based treatment 7.5 Worldwide status, history, and background of O3 based technology for drinking water and wastewater treatment 7.6 Use of ozone-based technology for disinfection 7.6.1 Mechanisms of Inactivation by Ozone 7.7 Treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater through Ozone-based technology 7.8 Removal of physical pollutants (odor and taste) through Ozone-based technologies 7.9 Removal of various chemical pollutants (COD, BOD and coloring agents) from wastewater through Ozone-based technologies 7.10 Factors affecting the Ozonation process 7.11 Conclusion and Future prospects References 8 - Constructed wetland: a promising technology for the treatment of hazardous textile dyes and effluent 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Classification of dyes 8.3 Impact of dye toxicity on environment 8.4 Impact of dye toxicity on living beings 8.5 Dye remediation strategies 8.5.1 Physical methods 8.5.2 Chemical methods 8.5.3 Biological methods 8.6 Constructed wetlands: a step towards technology transfer 8.7 Classification of constructed wetlands 8.8 Recent developments in textile wastewater treatments using constructed wetlands 8.9 Conclusion and future prospective References 9 - Biogenic nanomaterials: Synthesis, characteristics, and recent trends in combating hazardous pollutants (An arising sc ... 9.1 Introduction 9.2 History of nanotechnology and conventional synthetic routes of nanomaterials 9.3 Nanobiotechnology: An arising scientific horizon 9.3.1 Biologically fabricated NPs for the removal of hazardous water pollutants 9.3.1.1 Biologically fabricated NPs using bacteria and actinomycetes 9.3.1.2 Biologically fabricated NPs using fungi 9.3.1.3 Biologically fabricated NPs using yeast 9.3.1.4 Biologically fabricated NPs using algae 9.3.1.5 Biologically fabricated NPs using plant extracts 9.3.1.6 Biologically fabricated NPs using agro-industrial waste extracts 9.3.2 Possible mechanisms involved in biomimetic synthesis of NPs 9.3.2.1 Role of enzymes and proteins 9.3.2.2 Role of exopolysaccharides 9.4 Advantages, limitations, drawbacks, and future perspectives of nanobiotechnology 9.5 Conclusions References 10 - Removal of emerging contaminants from pharmaceutical wastewater through application of bionanotechnology 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Overview of contaminants in pharmaceutical wastewater 10.3 Applications of nanomaterials for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants 10.3.1 Nanofiltration 10.3.2 Advanced oxidation process 10.3.3 Nanosorbents (nanotubes and zeolites) 10.4 Concluding remarks References 11 - Recent advances in pesticides removal using agroindustry based biochar 11.1 Introduction 11.2 What is biochar? 11.3 Characteristics of biochar 11.3.1 Porosity and surface area 11.3.2 pH 11.3.3 Functional groups at the surface 11.3.4 Carbon content and aromatic structures 11.3.5 Mineral composition 11.4 Modified biochar 11.5 Hazards of pesticides to environment and health 11.6 Recent development in pesticides sorption on biochar 11.6.1 Herbicides sorption 11.6.2 Insecticides sorption 11.6.3 Fungicides sorption 11.6.4 Nematicides sorption 11.7 Conclusion and future perspective References 12 - Bioremediation – the natural solution 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Characteristics of municipal wastewater 12.2.1 Organic impurities 12.2.2 Solids 12.2.3 Nutrients 12.2.3.1 Phosphorus 12.2.3.2 Nitrogen 12.2.3.3 Nitrogen present in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPS) 12.2.4 Effects of phosphorus and nitrogen on environment 12.2.5 Pathogens 12.3 Wastewater treatment 12.3.1 Physical treatment 12.3.2 Chemical treatment 12.3.3 Thermal treatment 12.3.4 Bioremediation 12.3.4.1 Aerobic treatment 12.3.4.2 Anaerobic treatment 12.3.5 Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors 12.4 Post-treatment options 12.4.1 Polishing ponds 12.4.2 Overland flow system 12.4.3 Submerged aerated bio filter 12.4.4 Trickling filter 12.4.5 Anaerobic filter 12.4.6 Dissolved air flotation 12.4.7 Activated sludge process 12.4.8 Aerated lagoons 12.4.9 Down flow hanging Sponge 12.4.10 Bio filter 12.5 Comparison of various biological treatment processes 12.6 Sand filter for the post treatment 12.7 Conclusion References 13 - Detection and removal of pathogenic bacteria from wastewater using various nanoparticles 13.1 Presence of different contaminants in wastewater 13.2 Pathogenic bacterial component in wastewater 13.3 Detection of pathogenic bacteria using different nanoparticles 13.3.1 Nanomaterial enabled with antibodies 13.3.2 Nanomaterial enabled with aptamers 13.3.3 Nanomaterials enabled with carbohydrates 13.4 Conclusion References 14 - Application of TiO2 photocatalysts hybridized with carbonaceous for degradation of pharmaceuticals 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Pharmaceuticals 14.3 Advanced oxidative processes (AOP) 14.3.1 Photocatalysis 14.4 Carbonaceous TiO2 doping 14.5 Graphene–TiO2 14.6 Carbon Nanotubes–TiO2 14.7 Activated carbono-TiO2 14.8 Concluding remarks and future challenges Acknowledgments References 15 - Moving bed biofilm reactor- (MBBR-) based advanced wastewater treatment technology for the removal of emerging contam ... 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Overview of the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) 15.3 Operating benchmarks of the MBBR 15.3.1 Carriers characteristics 15.3.2 Biofilm formation 15.3.3 Carrier filling fraction 15.3.4 Aeration and mechanical mixing system 15.4 Effect of operating parameters 15.4.1 Effect of organic loading rate 15.4.2 Effect of hydraulic retention time 15.4.3 Effect of temperature 15.4.4 Effect of pH 15.5 Mathematical models used in kinetics evaluation of the MBBRs 15.5.1 First-order kinetic model 15.5.2 Second-order kinetic model (Grau model) 15.5.3 Modified Stover-Kincannon model 15.6 Recent applications of MBBRs in the wastewater treatment 15.6.1 Treatment of the emerging contaminants in MBBRs 15.6.2 Treatment of the persistent organic contaminants in MBBRs 15.7 Conclusions Acknowledgment References Further readings 16 - An application of bionanotechnology in removal of emerging contaminants from pharmaceutical waste 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Methods for treatment of pharmaceutical waste water 16.3 Different nanomaterials and treatment of pharmaceutical waste water 16.3.1 Nanofilter membrane bioreactor 16.3.2 Nanoadsorbants 16.3.3 Nanocatalyst 16.4 Conclusion References 17 - Removal of emerging contaminants in water treatment by an application of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis 17.1 Introduction 17.1.1 Nanofiltration 17.2 Factors affecting performance of nanofiltration 17.3 Nanofiltration with modifications and applications 17.4 Advantages and limitations of nanofiltration 17.4.1 Reverse osmosis 17.5 Factors affecting reverse osmosis 17.6 Applications 17.7 Advantages and limitations of reverse osmosis 17.8 Conclusion References 18 - Membrane bioreactor as an advanced wastewater treatment technology 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Membrane classification 18.3 Types of membrane bioreactor arrangements 18.4 Role of membrane bioreactors 18.5 Classification of membrane fouling 18.6 Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor 18.6.1 Classification of foulants 18.7 Factors affecting membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor 18.7.1 Membrane characteristics 18.7.1.1 Membrane material 18.7.1.2 Water affinity 18.7.1.3 Membrane surface roughness 18.7.1.4 Membrane surface charge 18.7.1.5 Membrane pore size 18.8 Membrane fouling control 18.8.1 Modification of membrane material body 18.8.2 Hydrophilic modification of the surface of membrane ­material 18.8.3 Membrane modification by low-temperature plasma ­surface treatment 18.8.4 Surface grafting 18.9 Membrane bioreactor model description and ­assessment 18.9.1 Biomass kinetics models 18.10 Membrane fouling models 18.11 Advantages and drawbacks of membrane bioreactor technology 18.12 Summary and conclusion Acknowledgment Competing interests Consent for publication Ethics approval and consent to participate Abbreviations References 19 - Removal of pesticides from water and wastewater by solar-driven photocatalysis 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Photocatalysts and photocatalysis 19.2.1 Types of photocatalysts 19.2.1.1 Oxide Photocatalyst 19.2.1.1.1 TiO2-Based photocatalyst 19.2.1.1.2 Bi2O3‐based photocatalyst 19.2.1.1.3 Other Oxide photocatalysts 19.2.1.2 Nonoxide photocatalyst 19.2.1.2.1 CdS photocatalyst 19.2.1.2.2 CuS photocatalyst 19.2.1.2.3 ZnS photocatalyst 19.2.1.2.4 Nitride photocatalyst 19.2.2 Homogeneous photocatalysis 19.2.3 Heterogeneous photocatalysis 19.3 Pesticides and toxicities 19.3.1 Pesticides detection and quantitation in wastewater 19.4 Wastewater treatment 19.4.1 Photocatalytic degradation of pesticides for wastewater treatment 19.4.2 Adsorption of organic pesticides from wastewater 19.4.3 Challenges in the development of large-scale photocatalytic water treatment plant 19.5 Concluding remarks References 20 - Recent applications, reaction mechanism, and future perspective of hybrid ozonation process for water and wastewater ... 20.1 Introduction 20.1.1 Direct ozonation 20.1.2 Ozone micro nanobubbles 20.2 Combined ozonation for enhanced treatment of water 20.2.1 OH–/O3 process 20.2.2 O3/H2O2 process 20.2.3 UV/O3 process 20.2.4 O3/biological treatment 20.2.5 O3/electrocoagulation (O3/EC) 20.3 Catalytic ozonation 20.3.1 Homogeneous catalytic ozonation 20.3.2 Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation 20.3.2.1 Used of metal oxides 20.3.2.2 Metals on supports 20.3.2.3 Carbon-based materials 20.3.2.4 Photocatalyzed ozonation 20.3.3 Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation Mechanism 20.4 Application of ozonation process for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants 20.5 Shortcomings of hybrid ozonation processes 20.6 Benefits of hybrid ozonation processes 20.7 Conclusions and future perspective References 21 - Removal of emerging contaminants from pharmaceutical waste through application of bio nanotechnology 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Challenges in current wastewater treatment technologies 21.3 Enzyme immobilized nanomaterials for removal of emerging contaminants 21.4 Biogenic nanoparticles for removal of emerging contaminants 21.5 Other technologies for removal of emerging contaminants 21.5.1 Nanobiochar 21.5.2 Bio-metal-organic frameworks 21.6 Nanozymes 21.7 Conclusions and future prospects References 22 - Antimicrobial activities of different nanoparticles concerning to wastewater treatment 22.1 Silver nanoparticles 22.2 Gold nanoparticles 22.3 Zinc oxide nanoparticle 22.4 CuO nanoparticles 22.5 Iron oxide nanoparticles 22.6 Magnesium oxide nanomaterials 22.7 Titanium dioxide nanoparticles 22.8 Al2O3 nanomaterials 22.9 Nanomaterials enabled with antimicrobial peptides 22.10 Conclusion Abbreviations References 23 - Application of nanomaterial in wastewater treatment: recent advances and future perspective 23.1 Introduction 23.1.1 Physical treatment technologies 23.1.1.1 Sedimentation 23.1.1.2 Adsorption 23.1.1.3 Electrodialysis 23.1.2 Chemical treatment technologies 23.1.2.1 Coagulation/Flocculation 23.1.2.2 Precipitation and filtration 23.1.2.3 Oxidation 23.1.3 Biological treatment 23.2 Nano adsorption 23.2.1 Iron oxide nanoparticles 23.2.2 Other metal oxide nanoparticles 23.2.3 Polymer supported metal oxide nanoparticles 23.2.4 Carbon-based nanoparticles for adsorption 23.3 Nanofiltration 23.3.1 Inorganic membranes 23.3.2 Carbon nanotubes 23.4 Nanocatalyst 23.4.1 Photocatalysis 23.4.2 Catalytic ozonation 23.4.3 Advanced oxidation processes 23.5 Nano biocides 23.5.1 Antimicrobial peptides and chitosan 23.5.2 Silver nanoparticle 23.5.3 Titanium oxide nanoparticles 23.5.4 Carbon nanostructures 23.6 Future prospect References 24 - Photocatalytic removal of emerging contaminants in water and wastewater treatments: a review 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Photocatalysis mechanisms 24.3 Impact of operating and process parameters 24.3.1 pH 24.3.2 Light source 24.3.3 Contaminant concentration 24.3.4 Presence of oxidants 24.3.5 Presence of ions 24.3.6 Dissolved oxygen 24.3.7 Temperature 24.3.8 Catalyst characteristic 24.3.9 Catalyst concentration 24.4 Common photocatalysts 24.4.1 TiO2 24.4.2 ZnO 24.4.3 Others 24.5 Strategies for improving photocatalysis 24.5.1 Doping 24.5.1.1 Metal dopants 24.5.1.2 Nonmetal dopants 24.5.2 Immobilization 24.5.3 Combined methods 24.6 Wastewater treatment applications 24.7 Conclusions and future challenges References 25 - Biologically synthesized nanoparticles for dye removal 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Bacteriogenic nanoparticles 25.3 Mycogenic nanoparticles 25.4 Phycogenic nanoparticles 25.5 Phytogenic nanoparticles 25.6 Conclusions and future perspectives Acknowledgements References 26 - Removal of emerging contaminants in water treatment by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Emerging contaminants in water 26.2.1 Pharmaceuticals 26.2.2 Pesticides, antibiotics and biocides 26.2.3 Personal care products 26.2.4 Surfactants 26.2.5 Nanomaterials 26.3 Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration 26.3.1 Predictive modeling of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration 26.4 Solute denial mechanism by the nanofiltration/reverse osmosis membrane 26.4.1 Size exclusion 26.4.2 Charge exclusion 26.4.3 Physiochemical interaction 26.5 Modern findings 26.5.1 Removal of antibiotics 26.5.2 The removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater at low feed concentrations (sub microgram per liter) 26.5.3 The Results of the current studies on organics removal by nanofiltration/reverse osmosis 26.6 Applications of nanofiltration membranes (Zhao et al., 2005) 26.7 Advantages and disadvantages 26.8 Future perspectives of nanofiltration 26.9 Conclusion References 27 - Hybrid bioreactor in combination with ozone-based technologies for industrial wastewater treatment 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Characteristics of industrial wastewater 27.2.1 Pharmaceutical wastewater 27.2.2 Textile wastewater 27.2.3 Municipal wastewater 27.2.4 Tannery effluents 27.3 Selection of an optimal treatment strategy 27.4 Hybrid bioreactor combined with ozone-based technology 27.4.1 Membrane bioreactor process in combination with ozone-based technologies 27.4.2 Sequencing batch reactor process coupled with ozone-based treatment 27.4.3 Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor system in combination with ozonation 27.4.4 Activated sludge process treatment with ozonation 27.5 Benefits of hybrid processes in combination with ozonation 27.6 Limitations of hybrid processes with ozone-based technology 27.7 Conclusion References 28 - Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in aiding water purification from emerging and ionic contaminants 28.1 Introduction 28.1.1 Brief overview of emerging contaminants and conventional treatment process 28.1.2 Adsorption process in removal of emerging contaminants 28.1.3 Metal organic frameworks and their advantages 28.2 Different synthesis methods for preparation of metal organic frameworks 28.2.1 Solvothermal synthesis 28.2.2 Microwave assisted synthesis 28.2.3 Other synthesis methods 28.3 Applications of metal organic frameworks for water treatment 28.3.1 Recent advancements in usage of metal organic frameworks towards water treatment 28.3.2 MOFs for removal of emerging contaminants and their uptake mechanism 28.4 Limitations of using metal organic frameworks and alternative strategy 28.5 Conclusions Abbreviations References 29 - Removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater through bionanotechnology 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Definition of emerging contaminants 29.3 Sources of emerging contaminants 29.4 Environmental/health issues and regulations related to emerging contaminants 29.5 Conventional treatment technologies 29.6 Bionanotechnology for the removal of emerging contaminants 29.7 Future outlook 29.8 Conclusion References Index Back cover Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Wastewater through Bio-nanotechnology showcases profiles of the nonregulated contaminants termed as “emerging contaminants,” which comprise industrial and household persistent toxic chemicals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, surfactants and surfactant residues, plasticizers and industrial additives, manufactured nanomaterials and nanoparticles, microplastics, etc. that are used extensively in everyday life. The occurrence of “emerging contaminants” in wastewater, and their behavior during wastewater treatment and production of drinking water are key issues in the reuse and recycling of water resources. This book focuses on the exploitation of Nano-biotechnology inclusive of the state-of-the-art remediate strategies to degrade/detoxify/stabilize toxic and hazardous contaminants and restore contaminated sites, which is not as comprehensively discussed in the existing titles on similar topics available in the global market. In addition, it discusses the potential environmental and health hazards and ecotoxicity associated with the widespread distribution of emerging contaminants in the water bodies. It also considers the life cycle assessment (LCA) of emerging (micro)-pollutants with suitable case studies from various industrial sources. Provides natural and ecofriendly solutions to deal with the problem of pollution Details underlying mechanisms of nanotechnology-associated microbes for the removal of emerging contaminants Describes numerous successful field studies on the application of bio-nanotechnology for eco-restoration of contaminated sites Presents recent advances and challenges in bio-nanotechnology research and applications for sustainable development Provides authoritative contributions on the diverse aspects of bio-nanotechnology by world's leading experts