Desire in Paul's Undisputed Epistles: Semantic Observations on the Use of Epithymeo, Ho Epithymetes, and Epithymia in Roman Imperial Texts ... Untersuchungen Zum Neuen Testament 2.Reihe)

Does the apostle Paul think those with desire always try to obtain negative objects? Are there instances where desire is seen positively? Does Paul use this concept differently than other Roman imperial authors? Is desire always for objects related to sex? In this study, Andrew Bowden illustrates Paul's use of desire in light of its use in Roman imperial texts and sheds fresh light on this often misunderstood, misconstrued concept. Cover Titel Acknowledgments Preface Table of Contents Abbreviations Part I. Introduction to ἐπιθυμέω, ἐπιθυμητής, and ἐπιθυμία in Roman Imperial Texts and in the Undisputed Epistles of Paul Chapter 1: History of Research on ἐπιθυμέω κτλ in the Undisputed Pauline Epistles Published over the Past Eighty Years 1.1 Friedrich Büchsel and Paul Wilpert on ἐπιθυμέω κτλ in Paul and in Relation to other Greco-Roman Philosophies and Religions 1.2 ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Romans 7 Alludes to the Command in Gen 3 1.3 ἐπιθυμία κτλ Relates to Sexual Activity 1.3.1 William. D. Davies and Daniel Boyarin: ἐπιθυμία κτλ as יצר הרע and in Relation to Sexual Activity 1.3.2 Kathy L. Gaca: ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Relation to Sexual Activity 1.3.3 Jennifer W. Knust: ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Relation to Sexual Activity 1.4 David Fredrickson’s Eros and the Christ: Longing and Envy in Paul’s Christology 1.5 Stanley Stowers’s and Emma Wasserman’s Interpretation of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Paul’s epistle to the Romans 1.6 Semantic Observations Regarding ἐπιθυμία κτλ in the Roman Empire and in Paul Chapter 2: Semantic Observations on the Use of ἐπιθυμέω κτλ in Roman Imperial Texts 2.1 Applying John Lyons’s Theory of Semantic Analysis to ἐπιθυμέω κτλ in Roman Imperial Texts 2.2 Previous Lexicons and Dictionary Entries in Relation to Louw and Nida (1988) 2.2.1 Lexicons of Ancient Greek before 1988 2.2.2 Lexicons of Ancient Greek after 1988 2.2.3 ἐπιθυμέω κτλ in Louw and Nida (1988) and in Antiquity 2.3 A Consideration of Philo’s De decalogo to Better Understand the Sense Relations and Denotations of ἐπιθυμέω and ἐπιθυμία in the Roman Empire 2.4 The Sense Relations of ἐπιθυμέω κτλ in Roman Imperial Texts 2.4.1 The Paradigmatic Sense Relations 2.4.2 The Syntagmatic Sense Relations 2.4.2.1 ἐπιθυμία κτλ for ἡδονή κτλ 2.4.2.2 ἐπιθυμία κτλ to Obtain 2.5 Preliminary Summary of Findings Regarding the Denotations and Sense Relations of ἐπιθυμέω, ἐπιθυμητής, and ἐπιθυμία in Roman Imperial Texts Part II. Semantic Observations: Contextual Analyses of ἐπιθυμέω κτλ in Roman Imperial Texts Chapter 3: ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Dio Chrysostom, Oration 4 3.1 An Introduction to Dio Chrysostom 3.2 Oration 4 as a Kingship Oration 3.3 Sense Relations of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Oration 4 3.3.1 Subordinate Sense Relations 3.3.2 (Quasi-)Paradigmatic Sense Relations 3.3.3 Antonyms 3.3.4 Syntagmatic Sense Relations: ἐπιθυμία κτλ alongside Other Leading Emotions 3.3.5 Syntagmatic Sense Relations: Verbal Objects 3.3.6 Syntagmatic Sense Relations: Obtaining ἐπιθυμία κτλ 3.4 The Metaphor “Slavery to a Master” in Oration 4 Excursus: A Brief Introduction to Metaphors 3.5 Conclusions Chapter 4: ἐπιθυμία κτλ in the Stoic Texts of Epictetus 4.1 Epictetus the Stoic 4.2 προαίρεσις κτλ in Relation to Lexemes that Denote “Wanting” 4.3 Sense Relations of ἐπιθυμέω κτλ in Discourse 4.1 4.3.1 Syntagmatic Sense Relations: Objects of Wanting 4.3.2 Syntagmatic Sense Relations: ἐπιθυμία κτλ alongside other Leading Emotions 4.3.3 Syntagmatic Sense Relations: Obtaining a Want 4.4 The Metaphor “Slavery to a Master” in Discourse 4.1 4.4.1 The Metaphor “Slavery to a Master” because of Wanting 4.4.2 The Badness of Those Who Live as Metaphorical Slaves 4.5 Sense Relations of ἐπιθυμέω κτλ in Discourse 2.18 4.6 Conclusions Chapter 5: ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Lucian’s The Tyrannicide 5.1 An Introduction to Lucian of Samosata and his Writings 5.2 Tyrant-Killing in Ancient Greece 5.3 Lucian of Samosata’s The Tyrannicide 5.4 The Semantics of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in The Tyrannicide 5.4.1 Sense Relations of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in The Tyrannicide 5.4.2 The Metaphor “Slavery to a Master” in The Tyrannicide 5.5 Conclusions Chapter 6: ἐπιθυμία κτλ in the Cynic Epistles 6.1 The Importance of the Cynic Epistles for Understanding Cynic Philosophy 6.2 The Epistles of Anacharsis 6.2.1 Introduction to Epistle 9 of Anacharsis 6.2.2 ἐπιθυμία in Epistle 9 of Anacharsis 6.3 The Epistles of Crates and Diogenes 6.3.1 ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Epistle 35 of Crates 6.3.2 ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Epistles 3 and 46 of Diogenes 6.4 Epistle 9 of Heraclitus 6.4.1 Slavery, Freedom, and Related Concepts in Epistle 9 of Heraclitus 6.4.2 Further Uses of ἐπιθυμία in Epistle 9 of Heraclitus 6.5 The Epistles of Socrates 6.5.1 Epistle 1 of Socrates 6.5.2 ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Epistle 1 of Socrates 6.6 Conclusions Part III. Semantic Observations: Contextual Analyses of ἐπιθυμέω, ἐπιθυμητής, and ἐπιθυμία in Second Temple Judaism Chapter 7: ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Second Temple Jewish Literature 7.1 The Use of ἐπιθυμέω κτλ in the LXX: Overview 7.2 The Tenth Commandment in the Greek Old Testament: οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις 7.3 The Tenth Commandment in 4 Maccabees: οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις 7.3.1 The Structure of 4 Maccabees 7.3.2 Quasi-Paradigmatic Sense Relations of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in 4 Maccabees 7.3.3 Syntagmatic Sense Relation of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in 4 Maccabees: Reason (λογισμός) 7.3.4 ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Metaphorical Discourse 7.4 Conclusions on ἐπιθυμία κτλ in the LXX 7.5 Israel in the Wilderness: Numbers 11 LXX and its Reception 7.5.1 ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Numbers 11 LXX 7.5.2 The Septuagint’s Reception of Israel’s Desire in Numbers 11 7.5.2.1 Deuteronomy 9:22 and the Tombs of ἐπιθυμία 7.5.2.2 Psalm 77 (78):29–30 7.5.2.3 Psalm 105 (106):13–15 7.5.2.4 Wisdom 16:1–4 7.6 Philo of Alexandria’s Reception of Desire in Numbers 11 LXX 7.6.1 De migratione Abrahami 155 7.6.2 De specialibus Legibus 4.126–31 7.7 Conclusions on the Reception of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Numbers 11 LXX Chapter 8: Consequences: ἐπιθυμέω κτλ, Its Objects, and Its Role in Metaphorical Discourse 8.1 Objects of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Roman Imperial Texts 8.1.1 ἡδονή (“Pleasure”) and Its Subordinates as Objects of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Roman Imperial Texts 8.1.2 Bad Objects of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Roman Imperial Texts 8.1.3 Verbal Objects of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Roman imperial Texts 8.2 ἐπιθυμία κτλ in Metaphorical Discourse in Roman Imperial Texts Part IV. Application and Interpretation: The Use of ἐπιθυμέω κτλ in Paul’s Undisputed Epistles Chapter 9: Objects of ἐπιθυμέω, ἐπιθυμητής, and ἐπιθυμία in Paul’s Undisputed Epistles 9.1 Objects of ἐπιθυμία in 1 Thessalonians Excursus: A Brief Introduction to 1 Thessalonians 9.1.1 Objects of ἐπιθυμία and Related Lexemes in 1 Thess 2–3 and Their Connection with the Broader Themes of This Epistle Excursus: Interpreting ἡ ὀργή in 1 Thess 2:16c 9.1.2 Objects of ἐπιθυμία in 1 Thess 4 and in Relation to the Broader Themes of the Epistle 9.1.3 Conclusions 9.2 Objects of ἐπιθυμία and Related Lexemes in Philippians Excursus: A Brief Introduction to Philippians 9.2.1 Phil 1:8: ἐπιποθῶ πάντας ὑμᾶς 9.2.2 Phil 1:23: τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχων εἰς τὸ ἀναλῦσαι καὶ σὺν Χριστῷ εἶναι 9.2.3 Phil 2:26: ἐπιποθῶν ἦν πάντας ὑμᾶς 9.2.4 Phil 4:1: Ὥστε, ἀδελφοί μου ἀγαπητοὶ καὶ ἐπιπόθητοι, χαρὰ καὶ στέφανός μου, οὕτως στήκετε ἐν κυρίῳ, ἀγαπητοί 9.2.5 Conclusions 9.3 Objects of ἐπιθυμητής in 1 Corinthians 10:6 Excursus: A Brief Introduction to 1 Corinthians 9.3.1 ?he Apostolic Decree in 1 Cor 5:1–7:40 and 8:1–11:1? 9.3.2 The Absence of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in 1 Cor 5:1–7:40 9.3.3 The Object of ἐπιθυμητής in 1 Cor 10:6 and Its Role in the Broader Context of Avoiding Meat that Had Been Offered to Idols (8:1–11:1) 9.3.4 Summary: Objects of ἐπιθυμητής in 1 Cor 10 9.4 Summary: Objects of ἐπιθυμία κτλ in the Undisputed Epistles of Paul Chapter 10: Metaphorical Slavery to a Master because of ἐπιθυμία κτλ and Freedom from this Master in Paul’s Undisputed Epistles 10.1 The Metaphor “Slavery to a Master” in Galatians Excursus: A Brief Introduction to Galatians 10.1.1 Setting the Stage: Gal 1–4 10.1.2 Gal 5 10.1.3 Conclusions 10.2 The Metaphor “Slavery to a Master” in Romans Excursus: A Brief Introduction to Romans 10.2.1 Rom 1 10.2.2 Rom 5–8 10.2.3 Rom 13 10.2.4 Conclusions 10.3 Conclusions on Paul’s Use of the Metaphor “Slavery to a Master” Part V. Concluding Observations: Conclusions on ἐπιθυμία κτλ in the Undisputed Pauline Epistles Chapter 11: Conclusions: Examining ἐπιθυμία κτλ in the Undisputed Epistles of Paul in Light of Semantic Observations on the Use ἐπιθυμία κτλ in the Roman Empire Bibliography Index of References Index of Authors Index of Subjects In this study, Andrew Bowden analyzes Paul's use of "desire" (ἐπιθυμέω, ἐπιθυμητής, and ἐπιθυμία) in his undisputed epistles. After introducing critical research on these lexemes, the author applies John Lyons's theory of semantic analysis to the use of ἐπιθυμέω κτλ in Roman imperial texts. Based on these observations, he makes a hypothesis concerning the common co-occurrences of "desire" in Roman imperial texts, its antonyms, the objects it longs for, and its use within metaphorical discourse. This hypothesis is then tested by looking at the use of "desire" in Dio Chrysostom, Epictetus, Lucian of Samosata, the Cynic epistles, and Second Temple Jewish texts. Andrew Bowden illustrates how, contrary to the view of many scholars, these Roman imperial authors consistently mention positive objects of "desire." He then applies these findings concerning "desire" to Paul, yielding important and sometimes unexpected discoveries. -- Publisher's description Glaubt der Apostel Paulus, dass diejenigen mit »Verlangen« immerzu negative Ziele anstreben? Gibt es Fälle, in denen er dem »Verlangen« etwas Positives abgewinnen kann? Verwendet Paulus diesen Begriff anders als andere kaiserzeitliche Autoren? Ist »Verlangen« immer auf Objekte bezogen, die mit Sex zu tun haben? In dieser Studie veranschaulicht Andrew Bowden Paulus' Gebrauch des »Verlangens« im Lichte seiner Verwendung in Texten der Kaiserzeit und wirft ein neues Licht auf dieses oft missverstandene Konzept