Design Tools and Methods in Industrial Engineering II : Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Design Tools and Methods in Industrial Engineering, ADM 2021, September 9–10, 2021, Rome, Italy

This book gathers original papers reporting on innovative methods and tools in design, modelling, simulation and optimization, and their applications in engineering design, manufacturing and other relevant industrial sectors. Topics span from advances in geometric modelling, applications of virtual reality, innovative strategies for product development and additive manufacturing, human factors and user-centered design, engineering design education and applications of engineering design methods in medical rehabilitation and cultural heritage. Chapters are based on contributions to the Second International Conference on Design Tools and Methods in Industrial Engineering, ADM 2021, held on September 9–10, 2021, in Rome, Italy, and organized by the Italian Association of Design Methods and Tools for Industrial Engineering, and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale of Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy. All in all, this book provides academics and professionals with a timely overview and extensive information on trends and technologies in industrial design and manufacturing. Preface Letter to the Authors Introduction Organization Organizing Committee Scientific Committee Conference Chair Conference Program Chair Members Reviewers Contents Geometric Modelling and Analysis On the Geometrical Complexity Index as a Driver for Selecting the Production Technology 1 Introduction 1.1 Geometrical or Shape Complexity 1.2 Aim and Outline of the Paper 2 Method 3 Case Study 3.1 Geometrical Complexity Index 3.2 Convenience Zones 4 Conclusions References A Voxel-Based 2.5D Panel Method for Fluid-Dynamics Simulations 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 APAME 3D Panel Method 2.2 Voxelization 3 Voxel-Based Panelization Methodology 4 Case Studies 4.1 Flat Plate 4.2 NACA 0024 and 2412 Finite Wings 4.3 Volkswagen Beetle 5 Conclusion References Enhanced Statistical Shape Model: A Statistical-Based Tool to design Custom Orthopaedic Devices 1 Introduction 2 Classical Statistical Shape Analysis and proposed Improvements 3 Custom Pelvic Implants for Severe Bone Defects 3.1 The e-SSM Implementation 4 Conclusions References Design of a Low Cost 3D Printable Single-Component Compliant Mechanism for FWMAV’s Wing Actuation 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Single-Component CM for FWMAV: Layout 1 3.2 Single-Component CM for FWMAV: Layout 2 4 Conclusions References A Bespoke Neck Orthosis for Additive Manufacturing with Improved Design Method and Sustainable Material 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Acquisition Procedure 2.2 CAD Modeling and Numerical Assessment of the Orthosis 3 Manufacturing and Thermal Comfort Assessment 4 Conclusions References Battens Modelling and Optimization in Air-Sail Interaction Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Sail Parametric Modelling 2.2 Sailcloth and Battens Characterization 2.3 Setup of Aeroelastic-Structural Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Industrial Design and Ergonomics A Detailed Analysis of the Most Promising Concepts of Soft Wearable Robots for Upper–Limb 1 Introduction 2 Classification of the Main Soft Wearable Robots for Upper–Limb Assistance 3 Discussion and Open Issues 4 Conclusions References A New Sedan Concept Car in Stylistic Design Engineering (SDE) Enhanced with Augmented Reality 1 Introduction 2 Design Setting 2.1 QFD 2.2 Benchmarking 2.3 SDE 3 Product Development 3.1 Prototyping – Augmented Reality 3.2 CFD Analysis & Re-design 4 Conclusion References User Experience Design in Software and Hardware Components Studied in Human-Computer Interaction 1 Introduction 2 Methods of Research 3 Classification 4 Analysis and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Virtual Reality and Interactive Design Spatial Augmented Reality as a Visualization Support for Engineering Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology and Implementation 3.1 Engineering Simulation 3.2 Post-processing 3.3 SAR Visualization 4 Case Study 5 Results 6 Conclusions and Future Works References Investigating the Application of Augmented Reality to Support Wire Harness Activities 1 Introduction 2 The Augmented Reality System 2.1 Architecture Design of the AR System 2.2 Design and Development of the AR Application 3 Experimental Campaign 3.1 Evaluation Protocol and KPIs 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References User-Centered Design of an Augmented Reality Tool for Smart Operator in Production Environment 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 UCD Approach 4 User Study 5 Results and Discussions 6 Conclusions References HoloLens 2 for Maxillofacial Surgery: A Preliminary Study 1 Introduction and Scientific Background 2 An Augmented Reality Application for Maxillofacial Surgery 2.1 The CAD Model Design 2.2 The AR Application Development 3 Preliminary Laboratory Validation of the AR Application 3.1 Trial Participants and Protocol 3.2 Evaluation Procedure 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions and Perspectives References CompassbAR: A Technique for Visualizing Out-of-View Objects in a Mixed Reality Environment 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Our Approach 3.1 The CompassbAR Solution 3.2 The Validation Procedure in a Real Industrial Scenario 3.3 Metrics 4 Conclusion References Cinematic Virtual Reality as a Rehabilitative Tool in Subjects Affected by Schizophrenia 1 Introduction 2 Exploiting VR for Mental-Diseases Treatment 3 The Entellect360 Prototype Design 3.1 The Architecture 3.2 The User Interface 4 Experimental Protocol 5 The Validation Procedure 6 Conclusion References Mixed Reality in STEM Didactics: Case Study of Assembly Drawings of Complex Machines 1 Introduction and Motivation 2 Case Study 2.1 First Implementation 2.2 Results of the Usability Test 2.3 Second Implementation 3 Lesson Learned 4 Conclusion and Future Works References Defining the Potential of Extended Reality Tools for Implementing Co-creation of User Oriented Products and Systems 1 Introduction 2 The Concept of Co-creation and Importance of Co-creation Platforms 3 Potential Co-creation XR Platforms 3.1 Virtual Reality 3.2 Augmented Reality 3.3 Mixed Reality 4 XR and Its Suitability to Co-creation 5 Field Study – A Co-creative XR Environment for Designing Aircraft Cabin Interiors 6 Conclusions and Future Work References A New Approach for CAD Modelling of Customised Orthoses by Generative Design 1 Introduction 2 3D Acquisition of the Wrist by Photogrammetry 3 CAD Modelling of the Wrist Orthosis 3.1 CAD Modelling by Generative Algorithm 4 Conclusions References Semi-automatic Analysis of Spoken Interaction Dynamics in Collaborative Design Sessions 1 Introduction 2 Relevant Background 2.1 Approaches Towards Automatic Design Protocol Analysis 2.2 Approaches to Extract Information About Team Dynamics from Verbal Data Captured in Spoken Interactions 2.3 Research Objectives 3 Research Method 3.1 Semi-automatic Algorithm for the Analysis of Co-design Team Dynamics 3.2 Case Studies Description 3.3 Metrics for the Algorithm Effectiveness Estimation 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Accuracy of Speaker Identification in Co-design Sessions (Obj #1) 4.2 Estimation of Relevant Elements for the Analysis Out of the Automatically Generated Design Protocol (Obj #2) 4.3 Algorithm-Based vs Traditional Protocol Analysis: Comparison of the Time and Human Resources Needed (Obj #3) 5 Conclusions References Reverse Engineering, Digital Acquisition and Inspection A CAD-Based Tool for Tissue-Mimicking Replica of Human Costal Cartilage 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Mould Systematic Modelling Procedure 2.2 Tissue Mimicking Materials for Costal Cartilage Replica 3 Results 4 Conclusions References A Rapid Prototyping Strategy for Manufacturing of Personalized Bolus 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Mold Manufacturing 2.2 Bolus Manufacturing 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References CNN Approach for Monocular Depth Estimation: Ear Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Faster R-CNN 2.2 Cycle GAN 2.3 Depth Map Refinement 3 Results 3.1 Faster R-CNN 3.2 Cycle GAN and Depth Map Refinement 4 Conclusions References A Fast Scanning System for Automatic 3D Object Reconstruction 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 HW/SW Architecture 4 Experimental Tests 5 Conclusions References Online 3D Reconstruction in Underwater Environment Using a Low-Cost Depth Camera 1 Introduction 2 System Development and Prototyping 3 Experimental Test 4 Conclusions References A Depth-Camera Based System for the Real-Time Scanning of Upper Limb Anatomy 1 Introduction and Background 2 Upper Limb 3D Scanning: Main Issues 2.1 Scanning Layout 2.2 Device Calibration 2.3 Scanning Workflow 2.4 Point Clouds Elaboration 3 Assessment of Anatomical Scanning 3.1 Issue Related to Patient Movement 4 Conclusion References Geometrical Product Specification and Tolerancing The ASME Y14.43 Standard and Its Root in the American Pragmatism 1 Introduction 2 The ASME Y14.43-2011 Standard 3 Gage Characteristics 3.1 Gaging Policy 3.2 Percent of Workpiece Tolerance Used by Gage 3.3 Design Constraints 4 Case of Study 5 ASME Roots in American Pragmatism 6 Conclusion References Proposal for a Method for Advanced Search of Information and Standards in the Field of Geometrical Product Specification 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Database Development 2.2 Definition of the Search Criteria 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Model-Based Approach for Optimal Allocation of GD&T 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Case Study 4 Conclusive Remarks References Design for Manufacturing and Assembly A Method to Assess Design for Assembly Efficiency of Aircraft Cabin Concepts 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Design and Integration of Automation Systems with Manual Operation: Small and Medium Enterprises Issues 1 Introduction 2 Motivation and Objective 3 Material and Methods 4 Case Study 5 Conclusion References Integrated Product and Process Design Modular Design Assessment: Development and Application of a Product Characteristic-Based Tool 1 Introduction 2 Recalls from the State of the Art 3 Approach 4 Test Cases and Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Concept Assessment Using Objective-Based Metrics on Functional Models 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review. Theoretical Background 3 Experience to Test the Functionality of a Concept Model 3.1 Creativity Metrics Applied to the Experience 3.2 Evaluation 3.3 Conceptual Differentiation 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References An Integrated Approach to Ensure Requirements Traceability During the Product Development Process 1 Introduction 2 The Integrated Approach 2.1 Methodology 2.2 3DEXPERIENCE®Applications to Support Methodology 3 Case Study 3.1 Requirement Specification 3.2 System Model 3.3 Simulation Scenario 3.4 Results 4 Conclusions References Design of a Bioinspired Multi-fingered Soft Pneumatic Gripper with Embedded Suckers 1 Introduction 2 Concept 3 The Mechanical System 4 The Pneumatic Control Unit 5 Conclusions References Investigation of Warpage and Tolerances in Injection Moulding Components Based on Simulation and Experimental Validation 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Case Study 4 Results 4.1 Modelling Phase 4.2 Simulation Phase 5 Discussion and Conclusions References Ecodesign Investigating a Circular Economy Application: Reuse of End of Life Tire Fibers in a Plastic Compound 1 Introduction 2 Materials 3 Methods 3.1 Goal and Functional Unit 3.2 System Boundary 3.3 LCI Definition 3.4 Cut-Off and Assumptions 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Ephemeral Products: Opportunities for Circularity Based on Ideation for Reuse. An Experience 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Ephemeral Products 2.2 Circularity 3 Creating Opportunities for Ephemeral Products 4 Case Study: Crown Cap 5 Discussion and Conclusions References A Design for De-manufacturing Methodology to Improve the Product End of Life Environmental Sustainability 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 Methodology 3.1 Product Environmental Analysis 3.2 Qualitative Disassembly Analysis 3.3 Quantitative Analysis of EoL Strategies 3.4 EoL Strategies and Environmental Benefits 4 Case Study 4.1 Product Environmental Analysis 4.2 Qualitative and Quantitative Disassembly Analysis 4.3 EoL Strategies 5 Conclusions References An Approach for the Responsible Design of the Packaging Employed in Household Appliances 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Structural Study 3 Test Case 3.1 Results 4 Conclusion References Implementation of Eco-Design Actions in the Development of a Sustainable Heat Exchanger in a Life Cycle Perspective 1 Introduction and Research Context 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results Discussion 4 Conclusions References Design for Additive Manufacturing The Role of Rapid Prototyping Devices in the Design and Manufacturing Practices of FabLab Visitors: A Survey 1 Introduction and Background 2 Investigation into the Use of 3D Printers in Fab Labs 3 Discussions and Conclusions References Geometrical Issues in Design for Binder Jetting – The Effect of Anisotropic Dimensional Change on Sintering 1 Introduction 2 Method and Model 2.1 Experimental Procedure 2.2 Theoretical Model 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Hollowing Topology Optimization Method for Additive and Traditional Manufacturing Technologies 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 The Topology Optimization Method 2.2 The FDM Manufacturing 2.3 The Bending Tests 2.4 The FE Model 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References A Preliminary Study on the Effect of Strut Waviness on the Mechanical Properties of BCC Lattice Unit Cells 1 Introduction 2 Lattice Unit Cells 3 Numerical Simulations 3.1 FEM Model 3.2 Uniaxial Compression 3.3 In Plane Shear 3.4 Comparison 4 Conclusions References Effects of Coating Post-processing on the Compressive Properties of Strut-and-Node-Based FDM Lattice Structures 1 Introduction and Background 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials and Specimen’s Fabrication 2.2 Specimen’s Post-processing 2.3 Mechanical Testing 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Examination of Additively Manufactured Auxetic Components Using a Novel Testing Setup 1 Introduction and Background 2 Auxetics: Key Issues in Testing Set-Ups 2.1 Conventional Testing Setups 2.2 Advanced Testing Setups 3 Development of a Novel Testing Configuration 3.1 Testing Setup 3.2 Summary of Key Results 4 Simulation of Mechanical Behaviour 4.1 Finite Element Model 4.2 Summary of Key Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Heterogeneous Materials Additive Manufacturing: An Overview 1 Introduction 2 Multi Material AM 2.1 Direct Energy Deposition 2.2 Powder Bed Fusion 2.3 Material Extrusion 2.4 Material Jetting 2.5 VAT Photopolymerization 2.6 Multiprocess AM 3 Conclusions and Outlook References Conformal Lattice Structures: Modeling and Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Design Methodologies of Conformal Wireframe Model 2.2 Size Optimization and Structural Analysis 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Wireframe Design Comparison 3.2 Optimization and Structural Analyses 4 Conclusion References Optimization of an Engine Piston Through CAD Platforms and Additive Manufacturing Based Systematic Product Redesign 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Systematic Concept-Selection-Based Approach 3 Case Study 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References A Numerical Model for Simulating the Selective Laser Melting of Closed Impellers 1 Introduction and Literature Review 2 SLM Simulation Model 3 Case Study 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Additive Manufacturing Design of an Argon Condenser Made with Pure Copper Powder for High-Purity Physics Applications: Technological Issues 1 Introduction 1.1 Design for Additive Manufacturing 1.2 High-Purity Physics Applications 1.3 Powder Bed Fusion of Pure Copper 2 Argon Condenser Development 2.1 Functional Requirements 2.2 Preliminary Design 2.3 Geometrical Shape Re-design 2.4 CFD Simulations 3 Prototype Production: Technological Issues 4 Conclusions References A Further Investigation Toward the Design of Topology Optimized Solid-Lattice Hybrid Structures for Biomedical Applications 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References A Preliminary Analysis of the Effects of Process Parameters on the Impact Resistance of 3D Printed PETG and HIPS 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References 3D Printing of Prototypes Starting from Medical Imaging: A Liver Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Workflow for Printing Patient-Specific 3D Model 3 Case Study 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Integrated Methods for System Design, Simulation, Analysis and Optimization Fracture Toughness Characterization of Copper-Resin Interface in Power Electronics Application 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Test Vehicles and Sample Preparation 2.2 Double Cantilever Beam Experiment 2.3 Finite Element Analysis for Strain Energy Release Rate Calculation 2.4 Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) and Mode Mixity Determination 3 Results 4 Conclusion References A Framework for Virtual Evaluation of Body-Attached Sensor Networks 1 Introduction 1.1 Body-Attached Sensor Networks 1.2 Digital Twins of Sensors 1.3 Human Body Models 2 Methods 2.1 Simulation Environment 2.2 Multibody Modelling of Human Body Parts 2.3 Modelling Digital Twins of Sensors 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Outlook References Mobile Robot Navigation in Indoor Environments: Comparison of Lidar-Based 2D SLAM Algorithms 1 Introduction 2 Evaluated 2D SLAM Algorithms 3 Comparison Study 3.1 Simulation Tests 3.2 Real-World Tests 4 Discussion and Outcome 5 Conclusion References An Integrated Modular Design and Group Decision-Making Method in Complex Design Environments 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 2 Related State of the Art 3 Method 3.1 Step 1: Modular Design for the Generation of Alternatives 3.2 Step 2: Fuzzy-TOPSIS for the Selection of Design Alternatives 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Decisional Criteria and Design Alternatives 4.2 Decisional Steps: Application of the Fuzzy-TOPSIS 4.3 Discussion and Conclusions References Firefly Algorithm for Structural Optimization Using ANSYS 1 Introduction 2 Firefly Algorithm 3 Case Study 3.1 Cad Modeling 3.2 Finite Element Analysis 3.3 Optimization Study 4 Conclusions References An Analytical Model for Robot-Based Grinding of Axisymmetric Mold Inserts Using a Rotary Unit 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Analytical Model 2.2 Experimental Setup 2.3 Test Plan 3 Results 3.1 Surface Quality 3.2 Direction of Grinding Lines 3.3 Process Improvements 4 Conclusions References Towards the Upscaling of Biomanufacturing Process Enhanced by Human-Robot Collaboration 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Advances in Tissue Engineering 2.2 Human-Robot Collaboration 3 An Approach for the Collaborative Workplace Design 3.1 Towards the Upscaling of Biomanufacturing Process 4 Application to the Preliminary Design of HRC Workplace for Advanced Biomanufacturing 5 Discussion and Conclusions References A Coarse-Grained Lattice Spring Model to Characterize Nanoindented Stem Cells 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Modelling, Meshing and Spring Network Generation 2.2 Simulation, Optimization and Extraction of Young’s Moduli 3 Results and Discussion References Analysis of Possible Algorithms for Active Noise Control of Siren Noise into an Ambulance 1 Introduction 2 Active Noise Control Architecture 2.1 LMS Algorithm 2.2 FxLMS Algorithm 3 Noise Control in Ambulance 4 Conclusions References A Graph-Based Multi-level Framework to Support the Designing of Collaborative Workplaces 1 Introduction 2 Collaborative Workplace Framework 2.1 Decomposition: The Five Domains of a Collaborative Workplace 2.2 Designing Steps: Multi-level Designing Process of the Workplace 2.3 The Graph Based Representation of the Collaborative Workplace 3 Application to a Multi Human-Robot Assembly 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Finite Element Model Proposed for Determine the Rotational Equilibrium Around of the Subtalar Joint Axis (SJA) 1 Introduction 2 Segmentation Process and FE Models Proposed 2.1 Modeling the Cartilaginous Joint 2.2 Modeling of Ligaments 2.3 Soft Tissue Modeling 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Requirements Engineering in Complex Systems Design 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Systems Engineering Discipline 2.2 Requirements Engineering and SMART Requirements 3 Procedure for Writing SMART Requirements 4 Case Study: ITER Remote Handling Connector 5 Conclusions References Virtual Prototyping and FEM Analysis of the Crystal Eye Detector 1 Introduction 2 The New Detector 2.1 Crystal Eye 2.2 Crystal Eye Pathfinder 3 FEM Analysis 4 Conclusions and Future Works References Virtual Prototyping as a Supporting Tool for the Design of Complex Robotic Cells 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 2.1 Industry 4.0 and Advanced Simulation 2.2 Approaches for Programming Robotic Cells 2.3 Advanced Simulation and Physics Engines 3 Robotic Cell Design Approach 4 The Assembly Robotic Cell Test Case 4.1 Physics-Based Components 5 Conclusions References An Innovative Mechanical Solution to Better Understand Human-Robot Interaction Forces 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Mechanical Testing 4 Discussions References Finite Element Analysis of the Interaction Between an Endo-Surgical Tool and Colorectal Tissue for Setting up Force Feedback Evaluation in Virtual Reality-Based Applications 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 Material and Methods 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions and Future Works References Experimental Methods in Product Development Recent Findings About the Novelty Metric of Shah 1 Introduction 2 SNM and the Acknowledged Issues 3 Available SNM Variants 3.1 Attribute-Based Variants 3.2 GT-Based Variants 4 SNM Variants vs SNM Issues 4.1 Subjectivity in Attributes (or Functions) Identification 4.2 Subjectivity in the Identification of the Attributes Weights 4.3 The Problem of Ideas Implementing Heterogeneous Numbers of Attributes 5 Suggestions for Comprehensive Assessments 6 Conclusions References Mechanical Characterization of Power Electronics Solder Materials 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Theoretical Framework 2.2 Experimental Uniaxial Tensile Test 3 Results 4 Conclusion References 3D-Printed Pure Copper: Density and Thermal Treatments Effects 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Design and Validation of a Block-on-Ring Test Bench 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Development of the Block-on-Ring Test Machine 2.2 Experimental Tests 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Experimental Tests 3.2 Comparison with a Commercial Bock-on-Ring Testing Machine 4 Conclusions References Human-Related and User-Centered Design The New Ergonomic Paradigm for Academic Learning Environments During Covid-19 Lockdown 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Questionnaire 2.2 Participants 2.3 Experiment Protocol 2.4 Data Analysis 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Discomfort and Comfort 3.2 Workstation 3.3 Clothing 3.4 Visual and Acoustic Comfort 3.5 Trends 3.6 Guidelines 4 Conclusions References A System to Support the Design and Management of Customer Experience Based on a Customer-Centered Approach 1 Introduction 2 Research Background 3 The Proposed System 3.1 The Data Acquisition System 3.2 The BBN Prediction System 3.3 The System Manager 4 Use Case Scenario 5 Conclusion References Evaluation of a Morphable Anthropomorphic Articulated Total Body Model 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Sample Subjects and Statistical Shape Model 2.2 Anthropomorphic Model 2.3 Multi-ellipsoid Model 2.4 Comparison Between the Ellipsoids Model and the Anthropomorphic Model 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Inertial Properties 3.2 3D Geometry 4 Conclusions References Preliminary Study of a High-Fidelity Simulator for the Management of Paediatric Tracheal Pathologies 1 Introduction 2 Materials 3 Geometrical Characterization 4 Validation 5 Conclusion References Trends in Human Factors Integration for the Design of Industry 4.0 1 Introduction 2 Review Methodology 3 Tools for Human Factors Integration in I4.0 4 Industrial Applications, Limits and Future Trends 5 Conclusions References Evaluation of Mandibular Advancement Devices in Patients Suffering from Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Periodontitis 1 Introduction and Literature Review 2 The Numerical Simulation Model 2.1 Geometry 2.2 Materials 2.3 Boundary Conditions 2.4 Mesh 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Limitations of Using Generative Design for Maxillo-Facial Reconstructive Surgery Applications 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Generative Design 2.2 Maxillo-Facial Surgery 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Setting the General Parameters 3.2 First GD Adoption 3.3 Second GD Adoption 3.4 Third GD Adoption 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Heart Sound Processing Model for a Mat-Shaped Device 1 Introduction 2 Methods of HRV Analysis 2.1 Detection System 2.2 Signal Processing 2.3 Experiment Protocol 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Design of Wearables for Biosignal Acquisition: A User Centered Approach for Concept Generation and Selection 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Case Study 3.1 Customer Needs Selection 3.2 Design Factors Definition 3.3 Criteria Selection 3.4 Concept Generation and Choice of the Optimal 4 Conclusions References A Workflow for the Numerical Evaluation of Hemodynamics in a Patient-Specific AAA After Stent-Graft Implantation 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Anatomical Model Generation 2.2 Stent-Graft Generation 2.3 Simulations Set-Up 3 Results 4 Conclusions and Developments References Engineering Education A Systematic Approach to Innovative MCAD Education Based on Negative Knowledge Development and Formative Feedback 1 Introduction 2 Background, Objectives and Approach 2.1 Scope and Problems 2.2 Goals and Approach 3 Development and Implementation of the Innovative MCAD Educational Framework 3.1 Point of Departure and Framework Development 3.2 Restructuring of the MCAD Course 3.3 Requirements for and Development of the CMA Tool 4 Results and Experiences from Within Educational Practice 5 Conclusions and Future Work References The Problem-Solution Network for Systematic Conceptual Design: Lesson Learned 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 The Problem-Solution Network 3.1 Concept Generation 3.2 Concept Composition 3.3 Teaching Approach 4 Gathered Impressions 4.1 Feedback from Students 4.2 Observations from Teachers 5 Discussions and Conclusions 5.1 Lesson Learned 5.2 Limits and Research Hints References A New Table to Manage 1D Tolerances Stack-Up 1 Introduction 2 The Importance of Modeling 3 Strategy to Identify 1D Tolerance Stack-Up 3.1 New Table to Manage Functional Problems as Worst Case 4 Case Studies: Reexamination of a Typical Problem 4.1 The Problem of Analysis 4.2 The Problem of Synthesis 4.3 The Problem of Analysis with Least Material Condition 5 Conclusion References A Service-Learning Experience Applied in Corporate Identity Design of Newly Created Companies 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Students Creativity Assessment Through Gray's “Forward Flow” Tool: A Preliminary Study 1 Introduction 2 The Concept of Creativity 3 Methods 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Reasoning About Technical Drawing Online Teaching During COVID-19 1 Introduction and Background 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions and Future Developments References Engineering Methods and Applications in Cultural Heritage Automatic Segmentation of Sweep Features of Constant Radius from Archaeological Artifacts 1 Introduction 2 The Methodology for the Automatic CRS Feature Recognition 2.1 The Fuzzy Approach 3 The Experimental Results 4 Conclusions References A Review on Computer-Based Methods for Archeological Pottery Classification and Reconstruction 1 Geometric Model Fragment Processing 1.1 Axis Evaluation 1.2 Profile Evaluation 1.3 Features Detection 1.4 Secondary Features Detection 1.5 Dimensional Analysis of Fragments 2 3D Information Systems for Archaeological Pottery Visualization and Documentation 3 3D Puzzling of Archaeological Fragments References A Photogrammetry Reconstruction of Emissario Romano in Capistrello 1 Introduction 2 State of Art 3 Methodology 4 Conclusions References A Methodological Proposal for the Comparison of 3D Photogrammetric Models 1 Introduction 2 The Choice of a Suitable Metric 3 A New Approach to Model Comparison 3.1 Surface Comparison 3.2 Analysis of Results 4 Conclusions References A CAD-Based Framework for Interactive Analysis in the Restoration of Bronze Statues 1 Introduction 2 Framework Definition 2.1 Fields of Expertise and Data Collection 2.2 Bronze Statue Restoration Workflow 2.3 CAD-Based Framework 3 Application: The Principe Ellenistico 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Design of the New Inner Frame for the Vittoria Alatadi Brescia: How Engineering Design May Support Ancient Bronze Restoration 1 Introduction 2 The Vittoria Alataand its New Exhibition Set-Up 3 Design Requirements, Analyses and Concept Design 3.1 Preliminary Structural Evaluation by FEA 3.2 Digital Mock-Up of the Concept 4 Preliminary and Final Set-Up 5 Conclusions References Author Index This book gathers original papers reporting on innovative methods and tools in design, modelling, simulation and optimization, and their applications in engineering design, manufacturing and other relevant industrial sectors. Topics span from advances in geometric modelling, applications of virtual reality, innovative strategies for product development and additive manufacturing, human factors and user-centered design, engineering design education and applications of engineering design methods in medical rehabilitation and cultural heritage. Chapters are based on contributions to the Second International Conference on Design Tools and Methods in Industrial Engineering, ADM 2021, held on September 910, 2021, in Rome, Italy, and organized by the Italian Association of Design Methods and Tools for Industrial Engineering, and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale of Sapienza Universita di Roma, Italy. All in all, this book provides academics and professionals with a timely overview and extensive information on trends and technologies in industrial design and manufacturing