Design of Supporting Systems for Life in Outer Space: A Design Perspective on Space Missions Near Earth and Beyond (Research for Development)

"This book is a rich source of information on design research and solutions for the support and development of space missions. International experiences and researches are presented in order to cast light on the role of space design in improving living and working conditions in outer space and to highlight the particularities of the necessary design skills, taking into account specific requirements and constraints. The challenge facing designers is how to approach environmentally extreme conditions in such a way that they are transformed from limitations into opportunities. The author has herself developed products that have been tested during on-orbit experiments on the International Space Station. Drawing on this unique experience and other case studies, the author proposes a new design methodology for space and demonstrates how the discipline of design is able to generate innovation thanks to the strong capacity of visioning. Ultimately this will lead to the development of further new equipment for astronauts that will facilitate space travel. While the book is intended primarily for students and researchers, it is also of interest for a broad readership attracted by space, innovation, and future scenarios"--Publisher's website Preface 7 Contents 10 1 The Strategic Role of Design for Space 13 1.1 The Fascination for Space 13 1.2 Space Design for Disruptive Ideas 15 1.2.1 The Design Domain Fields for Space 18 1.2.2 The Role of Space Design 26 1.3 Use and Gesture Design 32 1.4 Designing the Space Experience 37 1.5 Design for the New Space Economy 40 1.5.1 Design Research for Innovation 40 1.5.2 Space Inspires Innovation Through Design 43 1.5.3 Space Technology Spin-Offs Through Fashion 44 1.5.4 Adding an Aesthetic Value to Technology 46 1.5.5 Space Technology Spin-Ins Through Design 47 1.5.6 A Bridge Between Human Sciences, Technology and Beauty 48 References 51 2 Living in Space by the Lens of Design 53 2.1 The Transition to Microgravity 53 2.2 Countermeasures 57 2.3 Confined Environment 66 2.4 On Board Astronauts’ Activities 67 References 73 3 Research and Design for Space Life 75 3.1 The Birth of a New Discipline in Space Design 75 3.1.1 A Space Architect and Designer Meets Engineers 76 3.1.2 The Ability to Predict Use and Gestures 78 3.1.3 Turning Microgravity into an Advantage 80 3.1.4 Design Research Methodologies for Space 81 3.1.5 To Verify Prototypes with Dry and Underwater Tests 86 3.1.6 Co-design with Astronauts 89 3.1.7 Disruptive Feasibility Studies with Design Companies 90 3.1.8 Space Design is Multidisciplinary 91 3.1.9 Crossing Space Knowledge Through Design 92 3.2 Space Design Was Born by a Woman 95 3.2.1 The Language of Semiotic and Colour in Space 97 3.2.2 Balancing Human Needs and Functionality with Beauty 99 3.3 A Designer to Create the Skylab 100 3.3.1 From Functional to Comfortable Spacecraft 101 3.3.2 Improving Habitability and Recreational Values 103 3.4 International Space Station: Design Versus Engineering 105 3.4.1 Industrial Design at NASA 107 3.4.2 Designer’s Perception at ESA 111 3.4.2.1 The Contamination of Design and Space Exploration 112 3.4.2.2 A Misunderstanding of the Design Role 113 3.4.2.3 Designer Contribution in the Space Industry 114 3.5 To a New Space Era by Design 115 3.5.1 An “Italian Design Style” Spaceship 116 3.5.2 Space Design Drives the Private Space Industry 120 References 120 4 Space Design Between Research, Project and Education 123 4.1 Five Case Studies of Space Design 123 4.1.1 VEST. Project and Experiment on Board the ISS 124 4.1.2 Couture in Orbit. A Capsule Collection for ESA 125 4.1.3 Space4InspirAction. A Space Design Course with ESA 125 4.1.4 Fashion in Orbit Versus Space Fashion Design 126 4.1.5 Moony. A Lunar Base in Lava-Tubes for Igluna ESA_Lab@ 127 4.2 VEST. Projects and Experiments on Board the ISS 129 4.2.1 Proposal for the Development of an Integrated Clothing System VEST 130 4.2.1.1 Aims of the Project 130 4.2.1.2 Reasons for Using the ISS to Test VEST Project 132 4.2.1.3 Technical and Technological Aspects 132 4.2.1.4 Applications, Spin-Offs, Market Prospects and Evaluations 133 4.2.1.5 Preliminary Development Plan of the Entire Project 133 4.2.2 Plan of Activities for the Feasibility Study 134 4.2.2.1 Design Goals of the Integrated Clothing System VEST 135 4.2.2.2 Project Researches and Hypothesis 137 4.2.2.3 Concept Design Development 140 4.2.3 VEST Clothing Support System on Orbit Validation 141 4.2.3.1 Garments Used in Human Space Missions 142 4.2.3.2 Fibres and Fabrics Innovations of VEST Project 143 4.2.3.3 Tailoring and Wearability Innovations of VEST Project 144 4.2.3.4 Aesthetics Reflections of VEST Project 146 4.2.3.5 The Experiment Sessions 148 4.2.3.6 Meaning and Spin-Offs of VEST Project 149 4.3 Couture in Orbit. A Capsule Collection for ESA 150 4.3.1 Space and the Fashion Industry 151 4.3.2 Taking Inspiration by Space to Innovate 152 4.3.2.1 Innovation of Style 152 4.3.2.2 Innovation of Meaning 153 4.3.2.3 Fashion in the Age of Technology 157 4.3.3 Project Development of Couture in Orbit ESA-POLIMI 158 4.3.4 Learning Goals 160 4.3.5 Design Methodology 162 4.3.6 Couture in Orbit Projects 163 4.3.6.1 Therapic Garments 23.44° 163 4.3.6.2 Food Keeper 165 4.3.6.3 Tourist in Space 167 4.3.7 Learning Outcomes 169 4.3.8 Results Dissemination and Exploitation 170 4.4 Space4InspirAction. A Space Design Course with ESA 170 4.4.1 Design Methodology for Space 173 4.4.2 Space4InspirAction 1st Edition 2017 177 4.4.2.1 Space Food 180 4.4.2.2 Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA) Suit 183 4.4.2.3 Interplanetary Missions 185 4.4.3 Space4InspirAction 2nd Edition 2018 187 4.4.4 Space4InspirAction 3rd Edition 2019 190 4.4.5 Space4InspirAction 4th Edition 2020 195 4.5 Fashion in Orbit Versus Space Fashion Design 198 4.5.1 Fashion in Orbit 199 4.5.1.1 Learning Goals 201 4.5.1.2 Syllabus 201 4.5.1.3 Design Methodology and Learning Outcomes 202 4.5.2 Space Fashion Design 203 4.5.2.1 Learning Goals 204 4.5.2.2 Syllabus 204 4.5.2.3 Design Methodology and Learning Outcomes 205 4.5.2.4 Projects Visions 206 4.5.3 Results Dissemination and Exploitation 207 4.6 Moony. A Lunar Base in Lava-Tubes for Igluna ESA_Lab@ 207 4.6.1 The Roadmap of Igluna 1st Edition 2019 209 4.6.2 Multidisciplinary Teams: Activities and Methodologies 209 4.6.3 Igluna Project’s Approach and Value 211 4.6.4 Moony. A Lunar Base in Lava-Tubes 211 4.6.4.1 Lava-Tube: The Ideal Environment 214 4.6.4.2 The Habitation Module 214 4.6.4.3 External Structure’s Installation Path 215 4.6.4.4 The Securing the Lunar Base 217 4.6.5 The Field Campaign and the Next Edition Igluna 2020 217 References 219