Design of High Voltage xDSL Line Drivers in Standard CMOS (Analog Circuits and Signal Processing)

This book fits in the quest for highly efficient fully integrated xDSL modems for central office applications. It presents a summary of research at one of Europe’s most famous analog design research groups over a five year period. The book focuses on the line driver, the most demanding building block of the xDSL modem for lowering power. The book covers the total design flow of monolithic CMOS high voltage circuits. It is essential reading for analog design engineers. 1402067895......Page 1 Contents......Page 12 Preface......Page 6 List of Abbreviations and Symbols......Page 8 1. Introduction......Page 15 1.1 Motivation of the Work......Page 17 1.1.2 xDSL Technologies: The Gap......Page 18 1.1.3 Power or High Voltage in Nanometer CMOS?......Page 19 1.2 Organisation of the Book......Page 21 2. Digital Subscriber Line: Signals, Specifications and Driver Solutions......Page 24 2.1.1 History......Page 25 2.1.2 How it Works......Page 26 2.1.3 Continuing Developments in DSL......Page 27 2.2.1 Cable Technology......Page 29 2.2.2 Twisted Pair Cable Modeling......Page 30 2.2.3 Cable Impairments......Page 33 2.3.2 DMT Modulation......Page 34 2.3.3 DMT Specifications......Page 37 2.4.1 Line Driver Requirements......Page 39 2.4.2 Class AB......Page 40 2.4.3 Class G/H......Page 42 2.4.4 Class D......Page 44 2.4.5 Class K and Other Combined Structures......Page 46 2.5 Conclusions......Page 47 3.1.1 Nonlinear Systems......Page 49 3.1.2 The Describing Function Viewpoint......Page 50 3.2.1 Reference Model......Page 52 3.2.2 Limit Cycle Oscillation......Page 54 3.2.3 The Coupled System......Page 55 3.2.4 The Forced System......Page 58 3.2.5 Higher Order SOPA Amplifiers......Page 66 3.3 High Voltage SOPA Amplifiers......Page 67 3.4 Conclusions......Page 71 4. High Voltage Design Considerations......Page 72 4.1.2 CMOS Scaling Laws......Page 73 4.1.3 Influence of CMOS Scaling on Switching Amplifiers......Page 75 4.1.4 Influence of CMOS Scaling on SOPA Design......Page 78 4.1.5 Reliability Issues......Page 81 4.1.6 Customized Silicon Technologies......Page 86 4.2.1 Introduction......Page 88 4.2.2 Power Dissipation......Page 91 4.3 Conclusions......Page 101 5.1.1 Introduction......Page 102 5.1.2 Building Block Design......Page 103 5.1.3 Layout Aspects......Page 122 5.1.5 Measurements......Page 127 5.1.6 Discussion of the Results......Page 130 5.2.1 Introduction......Page 133 5.2.2 Building Block Design......Page 134 5.2.3 Layout Aspects......Page 152 5.2.4 Power Dissipation......Page 154 5.2.5 Measurements......Page 155 5.2.6 Discussion of the Results......Page 157 5.3 Conclusions......Page 159 6.1.1 Introduction......Page 160 6.1.2 Building Block Design......Page 162 6.1.3 Layout Aspects......Page 163 6.1.4 Measurements......Page 167 6.1.5 Discussion of the Results......Page 170 6.2.2 Building Block Design......Page 171 6.2.3 Layout Aspects......Page 175 6.2.4 Measurements......Page 177 6.2.5 Discussion of the Results......Page 180 6.3 Conclusions......Page 183 7.1 Main Contributions and Achievements......Page 185 References......Page 188 C......Page 192 S......Page 193 X......Page 194 "Design of high voltage xDSL line drivers in standard CMOS starts from the Self-Oscillating Power Amplifier (SOPA), a highly efficient line driver for xDSL applications. However, in the nano-electronic era, the low supply voltage of CMOS results in very low efficiencies for line drivers and power amplifiers in general. In this book a technique is developed for designing high voltage circuits in a low voltage mainstream CMOS technology. Several practical design examples reveal the subtleties and challenges encountered during the design of high voltage circuits in low voltage standard CMOS. Such a high voltage buffer is then integrated into the SOPA architecture leading to the implementation of a high voltage highly efficient aDSL2+ line driver in a 1.2V 130nm mainstream CMOS technology." "Design of high voltage xDSL line drivers in standard CMOS covers the total design flow of monolithic CMOS high voltage circuits. The book is essential reading for analog design engineers and researchers in the field and is also suitable as a text book for an advanced course on the subject."--Jacket “Design of high voltage xDSL line drivers in standard CMOS” fits in the quest for highly efficient fully integrated xDSL modems for central office applications. The book focusses on the line driver, the most demanding building block of the xDSL modem for lowering power. To reduce the cost, the cheapest technology is selected: standard CMOS, without any extra process options to increase the nominal supply voltage. The emphasis lies on the analysis, design and implementation of high voltage highly efficient line drivers in mainstream CMOS. “Design of high voltage xDSL line drivers in standard CMOS” covers the total design flow of monolithic CMOS high voltage circuits. The book is essential reading for analog design engineers and researchers in the field and is also suitable as a text book for an advanced course on the subject.