Design of Contemporary Inland Waterway Vessels : The Case of the Danube River

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Foreword Preface About This Book Contents Symbols Subscripts Abbreviations Projects’ Acronyms 1 Introduction 1.1 Background: Strategies and Statistics Relevant for European IWT 1.1.1 Transport Policies with Impact on Design of IW Vessels 1.1.2 Strategic Research Agenda for IWT 1.1.3 Selected Statistics on IWT 1.1.4 Final Notes 1.2 Book Arrangement References Part I Factors That Influence the Design of Contemporary Danube Vessels 2 The Danube Waterway with Its Tributaries 2.1 Impacts of Climate Change 2.2 What is an Optimal Contemporary IW Ship? 2.3 Waterway Implications on Ship Design 2.4 Restrictions of the Danube Waterway 2.4.1 The Danube 2.4.2 The Danube Tributaries and Canals 2.5 Concluding Remarks References 3 Intermodality and IWT 3.1 Lo-Lo and Ro-Ro Technologies 3.2 State-Of-The-Art of Intermodal Loading Units (ILU) 3.3 The Hinterland 3.4 Comparison of Ro-Ro and Lo-Lo Technologies for the Danube 3.5 Concluding Remarks References 4 Waterborne Transport—Representative Ship Types 4.1 Background 4.1.1 ECE Classification of European Inland Waterways 4.2 Pushed Convoys 4.2.1 Barges 4.2.2 Pushboats 4.3 Selfpropelled Vessels 4.3.1 Selfpropelled Lo-Lo Vessels 4.3.2 Selfpropelled Ro-Ro Vessels 4.4 Concluding Remarks References 5 Overview of Regulatory Framework from a Viewpoint of the Design of Danube Vessels 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Classification 5.2.1 Classification Societies’ Rules for IW Vessels—Short History and State of the Art 5.2.2 Classification Societies Acting on Behalf of Flag States 5.3 Statutory Regulations 5.4 Other Noteworthy International Documentation on the Danube 5.5 Concluding Remarks References 6 Transport Efficiencies and Performance Indicators 6.1 Background of Energy Efficiency Indicators 6.2 Energy Efficiency Indicators for IW Vessels 6.2.1 Transport Efficiency Coefficient (TEC) 6.2.2 Transport Efficiency Index (TEI) 6.2.3 Modified Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI*) 6.2.4 German Proposal for Energy Efficiency Evaluation (EEDIIWV) 6.3 Economic Indicators 6.3.1 Economic Efficiency Coefficient (EEC) 6.3.2 Profit Rate Indicator (Πt) 6.3.3 Profit Coefficient (p) 6.4 Concluding Remarks References Part II Design Guidelines with the Basics on Shallow Water Hydrodynamics 7 Basics on Inland Waterway Vessel Hydrodynamics 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Shallow Water Resistance 7.2.1 Wave Making Resistance in Shallow Water 7.2.2 Viscous Resistance in Shallow Water 7.3 Propulsive Efficiency in Shallow Water 7.3.1 Deep Water—An Overview 7.3.2 Shallow Water Operation 7.4 Power Evaluation 7.5 Squat 7.6 Wash 7.7 Manoeuvrability 7.8 Concluding Remarks References 8 Essential Expressions and Design Guidelines for the Preliminary Design of IW Vessels 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Hull Form—Design Guidelines 8.2.1 Selfpropelled Ships 8.2.2 Pushboats 8.2.3 Positive Effects of Large Propeller Diameter 8.3 Note on Stability and Safety 8.4 Power Evaluation 8.4.1 Delivered Power of IW Selfpropelled Vessels 8.4.2 Delivered Power of Pushed Convoys 8.5 Squat 8.6 Lightship Weight Estimation 8.6.1 Steel Weight Mass 8.6.2 Lightweight Mass 8.7 Design Recommendations for Conventional Selfpropelled Container Vessels 8.7.1 Assessment of Main Dimensions 8.7.2 Procedure for Estimating Main Dimensions 8.7.3 Other Important Aspects 8.8 Worked Examples 8.8.1 IW Selfpropelled Cargo Vessel 8.8.2 Pushed Convoys 8.9 Concluding Remarks References Part III Innovative Technologies and Design Solutions for Contemporary Inland Waterway Vessels 9 Technologies for Improvements of Energy Efficiency and Environmental Performance 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Innovations in Propulsion Plants and Fuels 9.2.1 Regulatory Framework—an Overview 9.2.2 Diesel Engines and Fuels—State-of-the-Art 9.2.3 Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment 9.2.4 New Energy Carriers 9.2.5 Advanced Energy Converters 9.2.6 Pathway for the Near Future 9.2.7 Final Notes 9.3 Improvements in Hull Resistance 9.3.1 Principal Dimensions 9.3.2 Ship Form 9.4 Innovations in Propulsion, Transmission and Steering 9.4.1 Drivetrains of IW Vessels—Basics 9.4.2 Steering Devices 9.4.3 Screw Propellers—an Overview 9.4.4 Contemporary Propeller-Based Propulsors 9.4.5 Innovative Propeller-Based Concepts 9.4.6 Other Propulsors 9.4.7 Rating of Propulsors 9.4.8 Improvement of Hull-Propulsor Interactions 9.5 Innovations in Ship Structure 9.5.1 Reduction of Ship Weight 9.5.2 Increase of Payload Efficiency by Enlarging the Inner Hull Volume 9.6 Innovations Important for Better Ship Utilization 9.6.1 River Information Services 9.6.2 Smart and Energy-Efficient Navigation (EEN) 9.6.3 Autonomous Ships 9.7 Concluding Remarks References 10 Concepts of Contemporary and Innovative Vessels 10.1 Vessels Concepts in Various Research Projects 10.1.1 Concepts of LNG Fueled Vessels 10.1.2 Concepts of Electrically Driven Vessels 10.1.3 Other Notable Concepts 10.2 Concepts of Built Advanced IW Vessels 10.2.1 LNG Fueled Vessels 10.2.2 Electrically Driven Vessels 10.2.3 Demonstrators and Other Advanced Vessels 10.3 Proposed Concepts for the Danube River 10.3.1 Narrow Body Selfpropelled Vessel 10.3.2 Concept of Wide Body (Beamy) Selfpropelled X-Type Vessel 10.3.3 Barge Train for Transport of Bulk Cargo 10.4 Concluding Remarks References 11 Conversion and Retrofitting Options 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Retrofitting: New Engines and Propulsors 11.3 Conversions: Lengthening and Hull Improvements 11.4 Numerical Example of Retrofitting and Conversion 11.5 Application of State-of-the-Art Technologies 11.6 Concluding Remarks References Inland Waterway (IW), or river vessels are in every respect different from the seagoing ships. The professional literature is mostly focused on conventional seagoing fleets, leaving a gap in the documentation of design practices for IW vessels. The principal attribute that differentiates river vessels from the seagoing ships is the low, or shallow, draught due to water depth restrictions. This book addresses key aspects for the design of contemporary, shallow draught IW vessels for the transport of dry cargo (containers and bulk cargo). Most of the logic that is presented is applicable to the design of river vessels for any river, but the material that is presented is focused on vessels for the River Danube and its tributaries. The term ‘contemporary river vessel’ assumes that the present-day technology and current Danube river infrastructure are taken into consideration in its design. It is believed that the technologies and concepts that are proposed here are applicable for all new vessel designs for the next 10 to 15 years. Other innovative technologies should be considered for designs beyond that horizon. Moreover, nowadays contemporary IW vessel must be in harmony with the Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) policies and hence special attention is paid to both ecology and efficiency. Note however that shipowners and ship operators usually tend to choose the conventional cost-effective transport technologies. Given that potential divergence of interests, the concepts and technologies treated here may be regarded as innovative.