Design in the Era of Industry 4.0, Volume 2: Proceedings of ICoRD 2023 (Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 342)

This book showcases cutting-edge research papers from the 9th International Conference on Research into Design (ICoRD 2023) – the largest in India in this area – written by eminent researchers from across the world on design processes, technologies, methods and tools, and their impact on innovation, for supporting design for a connected world. The theme of ICoRD’23 has been ‘Design in the Era of Industry 4.0’. Industry 4.0 signifies the fourth industrial revolution. The first industrial revolution was driven by the introduction of mechanical power such as steam and water engines to replace human and animal labour. The second industrial revolution involved introduction of electrical power and organised labour. The third industrial revolution was powered by introduction of industrial automation. The fourth industrial revolution involves introduction of a combination of technologies to enable connected intelligence and industrial autonomy. The introduction of Industry 4.0 dramatically changes the landscape of innovation, and the way design, the engine of innovation, is carried out. The theme of ICoRD’23 - ‘Design in the Era of Industry 4.0’ –explores how Industry 4.0 concepts and technologies influence the way design is conducted, and how methods, tools, and approaches for supporting design can take advantage of this transformational change that is sweeping across the world. The book is of interest to researchers, professionals, and entrepreneurs working in the areas on industrial design, manufacturing, consumer goods, and industrial management who are interested in the new and emerging methods and tools for design of new products, systems, and services. Conference Organisation Sponsors Endorsers Preface About the Conference Contents About the Editors Part I Application of Design Knowledge in Practice (Automotive, Aerospace, Biomedical Devices, etc.) 1 Prioritizing Modest Medical Device Design for Rural Healthcare Settings 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Literature Review 1.2.1 Miniature Table-Top Retinal Imaging Cameras 1.2.2 Integrated Adaptor-Detector-Based Handheld Design Fundus Camera 1.2.3 Smartphone-Based Fundus Camera 1.3 Methodology 1.4 Findings and Observations 1.4.1 Phase I 1.4.2 Phase II 1.4.3 Phase III 1.5 Discussion and Conclusion References 2 Identifying Rules Based on Connections Between Engineering Changes in the Wiring Harness Development 2.1 Introduction 2.2 State of the Art 2.2.1 Engineering Changes and Engineering Change Management 2.2.2 Automotive Wiring Harness 2.3 Need for Research and Research Questions 2.4 Research Methodology 2.5 Results 2.6 Discussion 2.7 Summary 2.8 Outlook References 3 Self-defence Gadget for Women: Design and Development 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Literature Survey 3.3 Survey: Findings 3.4 Prototype System: Design 3.4.1 Jacket Manufacturing Schema 3.4.2 Jacket Design 3.5 Methodology 3.6 Workflow of Proposed System 3.7 Machine Learning Models 3.8 Results and Discussion 3.8.1 Software Application: Development and Features 3.8.2 Circuitry Working and Results 3.9 Conclusion and Future Scope References 4 Design of Travel Pillow 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Preliminary Research 4.3 Field Study 4.3.1 Understanding the System 4.3.2 Understanding the Habitat 4.3.3 Understanding the User 4.3.4 Insights from Study 4.4 Body Dimension Measurement 4.4.1 Methods 4.4.2 Results and Discussion 4.5 Pillow Design Conceptualization 4.5.1 Methods 4.5.2 Results and Discussion 4.6 Pillow Test 4.6.1 Computer Simulation 4.6.2 User Testing 4.7 Conclusion and Future Scope References 5 Design and Development of Ergonomic and Customizable Walking Cane 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Background Research 5.2.1 Research Methodologies Applied 5.2.2 Literature Survey 5.2.3 Review of Existing Products and Their Shortcomings 5.3 Design Process of Ergonomic Walking Cane 5.3.1 Design Methodologies Applied 5.3.2 Function Modeling 5.3.3 Concept Generation Process and Morphological Chart 5.3.4 Concept Selection Through Pugh Matrix 5.4 Technical Description of Our Solution 5.4.1 P-shaped Grip 5.4.2 Spring-Actuated Mechanism 5.4.3 Handle Bottom 5.4.4 Ball and Socket Joint 5.4.5 Mechanical Suction Cup 5.4.6 Walking Cane 5.4.7 Rest for Walking Cane 5.5 Bill of Materials 5.6 Validation of Results 5.6.1 Structural Analysis of Walking Cane 5.7 Conclusion and Future Scope References 6 Design Challenges in Permaculture Adoption in India: Case Study of Wheat and Soya Bean 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Farmers, Farming Practices and Sustainability in India 6.2.1 Sustainable Agriculture 6.2.2 Indian Agriculture System 6.2.3 Indian Farmers 6.2.4 Research Aim 6.3 Methodology 6.4 Farming as a System Design-Case Study of Wheat and Soya Bean in MP 6.4.1 Permaculture Farming 6.4.2 Case Study of Wheat and Soya Bean in the Village of Madhya Pradesh 6.5 Discussion 6.6 Conclusion References 7 Radial Arterial Pulse Acquisition System for Traditional Indian Medicine 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Pulse Measuring Techniques 7.2 Previous Work 7.3 Design Requirements and Modelling 7.3.1 Initial Design and Assembly 7.4 Experiments, Results, and Discussion 7.4.1 Measurement Technique 7.4.2 Results and Discussion 7.5 Conclusion References 8 Product Design for Reducing Infection Transmission During Endotracheal Intubation Surgical Procedure 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Methods and Materials 8.2.1 Product Critiquing 8.2.2 Design-Centred Meetings (DCM) with Domain Experts 8.2.3 Literature Research 8.2.4 Contextual User Research 8.2.5 Define 8.2.6 Concept Generation Process 8.3 Results and Discussion 8.3.1 Concept Screening 8.4 Conclusions References 9 Optimization-Based Ecodesigning of a Plugin Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Frugal Engineering for Emerging Economy Market 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Problem Description 9.3 Methodology 9.3.1 Surrogate-Assisted Engineering Design Optimization 9.3.2 Power Management Strategy Design 9.4 Simulation Analysis 9.5 Results and Discussion 9.6 Conclusion References 10 To Address Shelf Life of Perishable Exotic Fruits: A Study of Local Fruit Vendors in Gandhinagar 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Methodology 10.2.1 Problems Faced by Local Vendors 10.2.2 Methods Adopted by Local Vendors to Keep the Exotic Fruits Fresh and Increase Its Shelf Life 10.2.3 Measures to Improve the Shelf Life 10.2.4 Proposed Design 10.3 Results 10.4 Conclusion References 11 Designing a Low-Cost Manual CPAP Medical Device for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Methodology 11.2.1 Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Design Process 11.2.2 User-Interviews in Design Process 11.2.3 Analysis of Existing Products 11.2.4 Reverse Engineering in Design Process 11.3 Results and Discussion 11.4 Conclusions References 12 A Study of the Indian Value System of Garbha Sanskar for a Positive Development of a Child During the Antenatal Stage of Pregnancy 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Result 12.2.1 Garbha Sanskar from Stakeholder 12.3 Conclusion References 13 Design Knowledge in Practice: An Ethnographic Study with Santhal and Mohli Tribal Artisans of Dumka, India 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Objective 13.3 Methodology 13.4 Research Findings 13.5 Framework for Design Intervention 13.6 Conclusions References 14 Design and Development of an Ergonomic Rag Picking Kit for Rag Pickers 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Concept Development 14.3 Design and Development 14.4 Result and Discussion 14.5 Conclusion References 15 Design and Development of Ragi (Finger Millet) Thresher 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Concept Journey and Design 15.3 Working of Power Operated Finger Millet Thresher 15.4 Parameters Evaluated During Field Trials 15.5 Conclusion References 16 Analysis of Bio-Inspired Designs for Energy Absorption Applications 16.1 Introduction 16.1.1 Bio-Inspired Design 16.1.2 Lattice Cell Structure 16.1.3 Centriole Structure 16.1.4 Honeycomb Structure 16.2 Design of Bio-Inspired Lattice Structure 16.3 Results and Discussion 16.3.1 Specimens Subjected to FEA Simulation 16.3.2 Fabrication of Specimens Using 3D Printing 16.3.3 Mechanical Testing 16.4 Conclusion References 17 Study on Design of Ear Pods: Jewell Pods 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Method 17.2.1 Empathise 17.2.2 Define 17.2.3 Ideate 17.2.4 Prototype 17.3 Result 17.4 Conclusion References 18 Tactile Abstraction of the Visually Impaired—An Empathetic Approach 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Literature Review 18.3 Methodology 18.4 Clay Workshop 18.4.1 Journey of the Participants 18.5 Insights References 19 A Visual Design Analysis of Urban Air Mobility for Indian Users 19.1 Introduction 19.1.1 Autonomous eVTOL Aircraft as Urban Air Mobility (UAM) 19.1.2 Design of UAM and Its Human Acceptance 19.1.3 User-Centered Design, Human Cognition, and Product Semantics 19.2 Aim 19.3 Methodology 19.4 User Survey and Data Analysis 19.4.1 Participants 19.4.2 Questionnaire and Data Analysis 19.5 Discussion and Conclusion Appendix A References 20 Adaptive Wheelchair Attachment Design for Shooting Para-Sports 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Methodology 20.2.1 Design Process 20.2.2 Mapping Pain Points and Requirements 20.2.3 Anthropometric Measurements and Modeling 20.2.4 Virtual Ergonomic Evaluation 20.3 Design of Parts 20.3.1 Tabletop 20.3.2 Connectors 20.3.3 Stand 20.4 Material Study and Manufacturing 20.5 Final Prototype 20.6 Future Work 20.7 Conclusion References 21 Designing Toys to Improve Language Nutrition 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Literature Study 21.2.1 Language Nutrition and Learning 21.2.2 Play 21.3 Market Study 21.4 Concepts 21.4.1 Concept Creation Methods 21.4.2 Selection Criteria 21.4.3 Selected Concept 21.5 Design 21.6 Conclusion References 22 Remote Synchronous Usability Testing Yields Reliable Data for User-Centered Design Development of Physical Medical Devices 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Study Results 22.3 General Discussion References 23 Analysis of PDMS-Based Piezoelectric Substrate for UHF RFID Tags 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Antenna Geometry and Design Considerations 23.3 Measurements and Results 23.4 Conclusion References 24 Utilizing Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to Enhance the Reachability of People Facing Depression 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Research 24.2.1 Study 1: Awareness of Depression 24.2.2 Study 2: Existing Treatments for Depression 24.2.3 Study 3: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Modes of Accessibility for People with Depression 24.3 Conclusions References Part II Design of Systems, Services and Product Service Systems 25 An Empirical Study: Centralizing Medical Services into an Innovative Service Design Module 25.1 Introduction 25.1.1 Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Services 25.1.2 Technology Involvement in Healthcare Services 25.2 Design Process 25.3 Pragmatic Approach 25.3.1 Phase—1: Exploration of Perceptions of the Users 25.3.2 Phase—2: Prototyping Design and Execution 25.4 Result and Discussion 25.5 Conclusion References 26 Review of Craft Revival Techniques 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Methodology 26.3 Results and Discussion 26.3.1 Co-word Analysis 26.3.2 Citation Analysis 26.3.3 Co-citation Analysis 26.3.4 Bibliographic Coupling 26.3.5 Content Analysis 26.4 Conclusion References 27 Design and Development of Aquatic Autonomous Observatory Using QFD Methodology 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Materials and Methods 27.2.1 User Identification 27.2.2 User Requirement 27.2.3 Prioritizing User Requirements 27.2.4 Identification of Design Parameters 27.2.5 Determination of User Relationship 27.2.6 Correlation Between Design Parameters 27.3 Results 27.3.1 User Identification 27.3.2 Identification of User Requirements 27.3.3 Prioritizing User Requirements 27.3.4 Selected Design Parameters 27.3.5 Relationship Ranking 27.3.6 Design Parameter Correlation 27.3.7 Result Discourse 27.4 Discussion 27.5 Conclusion References 28 Mobility and Vehicle Design Challenges for Delivery Executives in the Online Food Delivery Industry: Insights from a Field Study 28.1 Introduction—Digitalization and Food Delivery in India 28.2 Methodological Perspective and Details of the Fieldwork 28.3 Results: Themes and Practices 28.3.1 The Pre-work Activities 28.3.2 The Work Activities 28.3.3 Post-work Activities 28.3.4 Generic Insights 28.4 Discussion: Insights for Designers 28.4.1 Important and Urgent 28.4.2 Important but not Urgent 28.4.3 Not Important but Urgent 28.4.4 Not Important, not Urgent 28.5 Conclusion References 29 The Role of Multi-senses in Designing a Travel Service Experience: A Systematic Review of the Literature 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Methodology 29.3 Analysis 29.3.1 How Does the Cognitive Aspect Define the Travel Experience? 29.3.2 What Senses Are Observed and Why? 29.3.3 Relationship Between Multisensory Stimuli and Experience 29.4 Results and Discussion 29.5 Conclusion 29.5.1 Summary 29.5.2 Limitations References 30 Exploring an Innovative Service Design to Buy or Sell Reused Products with a Unique Payment System for Localized Use 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Background 30.3 Problem Statement 30.4 Literature Study 30.5 Methodology 30.5.1 Conceptualization 30.5.2 User Survey 30.6 Design 30.6.1 Information Architecture 30.6.2 Screen Designs 30.6.3 Review of the Design and Prototype From Target Audience 30.7 Discussions 30.8 Conclusion References 31 A Design-Based Study to Remedy Separation-Related Behavior Problems in Pet Dogs 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Methodology 31.2.1 Data Collection 31.2.2 Data Analysis and Conceptualization 31.2.3 Design Validation 31.3 Results 31.3.1 Research Findings 31.3.2 Proposed Solution 31.3.3 Design Validation 31.4 Discussion 31.5 Conclusion References 32 Rewarding Employee’s Value Creation Through Personalized Non-fungible Token (NFT) 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Employee Satisfaction at New Age 32.3 Methodology 32.3.1 Interviews 32.4 Results 32.4.1 Demographics 32.4.2 Organization and Employee Relationship 32.4.3 Organizations and Their Employee Recognition 32.4.4 Employee Expectation Towards Recognitions 32.4.5 Micro-recognition Using NFTs 32.4.6 Design Intervention with NFT-Based Employee Reward System 32.5 Conclusion References 33 Identifying Challenges of Indian Users Searching NSFW Content in Al-Assisted Platforms 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Theoretical Background 33.2.1 Understanding the Recommendation Systems (RSs) and Their Types 33.2.2 Collaborative-filtering Recommender Systems (CfRS) 33.2.3 Content-Based Recommender Systems 33.2.4 Hybrid Recommendation System 33.3 Recommendations on Platforms: YouTube, Netflix 33.3.1 YouTube 33.3.2 Netflix 33.4 Systemic Problems in RS 33.5 NSFW Content 33.5.1 Consequences of Watching Pornographic Content 33.5.2 Crime Against Women in India 33.6 Methodology 33.6.1 Survey 33.6.2 Interview 33.7 Findings 33.7.1 Mismatch Between Users’ Expectations and Recommended Content 33.7.2 Dependency Due to Personalized Content 33.7.3 Privacy Exposure in Recommendation 33.7.4 Biased Recommendations 33.8 Conclusions References 34 Building Intelligent Electronic Health Record System for India: Challenges and Opportunities 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Literature Review 34.3 Methodology 34.4 Results and Discussions 34.4.1 Affordability 34.4.2 Awareness 34.4.3 Security 34.4.4 Social Media 34.4.5 Fragmentation 34.4.6 Alternate Technologies 34.4.7 Paradigm Shift 34.5 Conclusions References 35 Organizing the Street Food Industry in India Using the Service Design Approach 35.1 Introduction 35.1.1 Challenges Faced by Vendors 35.1.2 The Service Design Approach 35.1.3 Technology as an Enabler 35.2 Methodology 35.3 Findings 35.3.1 Service Touchpoints 35.4 Discussion and Future Scope 35.5 Conclusion References 36 Hive: An Interface System Design Solution for the Development of Handloom Industry 36.1 Introduction 36.2 Method 36.2.1 Participants 36.2.2 Procedure 36.3 Result 36.4 Proposed Intervention 36.5 Discussion 36.6 Conclusion References 37 Design of Smart Hydroponics Product Service Systems—A Qualitative System Dynamics Perspective 37.1 Introduction 37.2 Literature Review 37.3 Model Development 37.3.1 Nutrients Subsystem 37.3.2 Plant Growth Subsystem 37.3.3 Controlled Environment Subsystem 37.4 Conclusions and Future Work References 38 A Proposed Hierarchy of Smart Roads: Assisting Future Technological Developments 38.1 Introduction 38.2 Smart 38.2.1 What Is a “Smart Road”? 38.3 Method: Organising Information 38.3.1 Infrastructure Support Levels for Road User Safety 38.4 Results: Smart Road Hierarchy 38.4.1 Level 0: Unmade, Unsealed, Unbuilt 38.4.2 Level 1: Made, Surfaced, Static Information 38.4.3 Level 2: Dynamic, Flexible, Need-Based 38.4.4 Level 3: Sensor-Based, Computer-Controlled, Digital 38.4.5 Level 4: Interactive, Real-Time, Suggestive 38.4.6 Level 5: Real-Time, Responsible, Controlling 38.5 Discussion 38.6 Conclusion References 39 A Conceptual Plan for Rehabilitation of Disaster-Affected Population in Flood and Cyclonic Regions Using Hybrid Modular Designs 39.1 Introduction 39.2 Literature Review/Background 39.3 Research Approach 39.4 Discussions and Future Work References 40 Service Delivery in Healthcare: Experience and Trust Building 40.1 Introduction 40.1.1 Ecosystem Design 40.2 Our Approach and Related Work 40.3 Method 40.3.1 User Interview and Synthesis 40.3.2 Empathy Maps 40.3.3 Customer Persona 40.3.4 End-To-End Service Blueprint 40.4 Results 40.5 Discussion 40.6 Conclusion References 41 Design of an Exterior Collapsible System for a Mobile Primary Health Center (mPHC) 41.1 Introduction 41.1.1 Literature Study: Transformable Structures 41.2 Methodology 41.3 Results 41.3.1 Ideation: SCAMPER and Morphological Chart Method 41.4 Discussion 41.5 Conclusion References 42 Traditional Educational Experiences in the Age of Pandemic 42.1 Introduction 42.2 Methodology 42.3 Secondary Research 42.4 Primary Research 42.4.1 Teachers 42.4.2 Students 42.5 Problem Identification 42.6 Different Approaches on Identified Problems 42.6.1 Case Study 1 42.6.2 Case Study 2 42.6.3 Case Study 3 42.7 Observation and Suggestions 42.8 Conclusion References 43 Method for the Transfer and Further Development of Document-Based Data and Information in a Model-Based Development Environment Using the Example of a Small Mission Satellite 43.1 Introduction 43.2 Research Approach 43.3 Background 43.3.1 MBSE 43.3.2 Method, Methodology, and Process 43.3.3 Small Mission Satellite 43.4 State of the Art 43.5 General Approach 43.5.1 Application of the Method 43.5.2 Structure of the Method 43.5.3 Element Library of the Method 43.5.4 System Context Analysis 43.5.5 Behavioral and Functional Analysis 43.6 Case Study 43.7 Summary and Outlook References 44 Design and Development of Low-Grade Robotic Production Platform for Smart Factory Application 44.1 Introduction 44.2 Literature Survey 44.3 Proposed Methodology 44.3.1 Various Components Used in the Present Work 44.3.2 3D Printed Robotic Arm Prototype 44.3.3 Conveyor Belt Prototype 44.3.4 Integration of the Robotic Arm and Conveyor Belt 44.3.5 Working Prototype of Low-Grade Robotic Production Platform 44.4 Conclusion References 45 Designing mobile Baby Feeding Cubicle (mBFC) for a mobile Primary Health Center (mPHC) 45.1 Introduction 45.1.1 Significance of Baby Feeding 45.1.2 User-Centered Design (UCD) Approach 45.2 Methodology 45.3 Results 45.3.1 Interview with Mothers 45.3.2 Baby Feeding Cubicle in Indian Context 45.3.3 Baby Feeding Cubicle Design Types 45.4 Discussion 45.5 Conclusion References 46 Design of System for Drip Irrigation for Hilly Terrains in Assam 46.1 Introduction 46.2 Aim and Objectives 46.3 Theoretical Background 46.3.1 Design of Agricultural System 46.3.2 Drip Irrigation System 46.4 Field Study 46.5 Observations from Field Study 46.6 Discussions References 47 Design Intervention to Teach Life Skills 47.1 Introduction 47.2 Research 47.2.1 Study 1 47.2.2 Study 2 47.2.3 Study 3 47.3 Conclusion References 48 Design Process of Smart Home Product Service System (SH-PSS) in Indian Context 48.1 Introduction 48.2 Literature Review 48.3 Methodology 48.4 Results and Discussions 48.5 Conclusion References Part III Design for X (Safety, Manufacture and Assembly, Cost, Reliability, Robustness, Social Interaction, etc.) 49 Classification and Elaboration of Formal Defects in Jewellery Form Clusters: Methodical Study for Mitigation and Quality Assurance 49.1 Introduction 49.2 Background Study and Need Assessment 49.2.1 Porosity Defects 49.2.2 Shrinkage Defects 49.2.3 Mould Material-Based Defects 49.2.4 Metallurgical Defects 49.2.5 Pouring Defects 49.2.6 Shape-Based Defects 49.3 Methodology 49.4 Mitigation of Casting Defects 49.4.1 Porosity Defects 49.4.2 Shrinkage Defects 49.4.3 Mould Material Defects 49.4.4 Metallurgical Defects 49.4.5 Pouring Defects 49.4.6 Shape Defects 49.5 Conclusion and Future Scope References 50 Proposition of a Matrix for Assessment of Human Effort in Manufacturing of 22 K Gold Jewelry 50.1 Introduction 50.2 Background Study 50.3 Need Assessment 50.4 Methodology 50.5 Proposition of a Matrix 50.6 Proposition of a Novel Pricing Method 50.7 Conclusion 50.8 Future Scope References 51 Addressing Societal Needs Through Design at the BoP: The Case of Improvised Betel Nut Cutter 51.1 Introduction 51.2 Methodology 51.3 Case Study Details 51.3.1 Design and Development of IBNC 51.3.2 Technology Transfer 51.3.3 Exploring How Design and Innovation Activities Are Propagated 51.4 Conclusion References 52 Spotting Potential Raw Sporting Talent in India at Grass Root Level for Gun-Shooting Sport: Proposed Methodology 52.1 Introduction 52.2 Methodology 52.3 Results and Discussion 52.3.1 Drawing Comparisons—Game of Cricket 52.3.2 Gun-Shooting as a Sport: Characteristics 52.3.3 Existing Selection Process in India: Gun-Shooting Sport 52.3.4 Importance of Cost-Effective Solution 52.3.5 Technical and Functional Aspects of Proposed Methodology (Concept) 52.3.6 Proposed Methodology to Identify Potential Sporting Talent in Gun-Firing at Grass Root Level 52.3.7 Design Details of the Proposed System 52.3.8 Significant Features/Characteristics 52.4 Limitations/Future Scope 52.5 Conclusion References 53 Design of Nature Inspired Concentrator Photovoltaic for Rural India 53.1 Introduction 53.2 Methodology 53.3 Ideation and Testing 53.3.1 Concept 1 53.3.2 Concept 2 53.3.3 Concept 3 53.3.4 Concept 4 53.4 Results and Discussion 53.5 Conclusion References 54 Design Paradigms of Hierarchical Lattice Structures 54.1 Introduction 54.1.1 Cellular Solids 54.2 Need of Hierarchy 54.3 Triple Periodic Minimalistic Surface (TPMS) 54.3.1 Nature and TPMS 54.4 Design of TPMS 54.5 Mechanical Behavior of Hierarchical TPMS 54.6 Conclusion References 55 Selective Disassembly Sequence Generation Using Secondary Part Information Matrix 55.1 Introduction 55.2 Proposed Methodology 55.2.1 Modeling of Piston and Connecting Rod Assembly 55.2.2 Extraction of Disassembly Direction Information Matrix (DDIM) 55.2.3 Contact Graph for Piston and Connecting Rod Assembly 55.2.4 Subset Extraction Using Contact Graph 55.2.5 Extraction of Secondary Part Information Matrix (SPIM) 55.2.6 Fitness Equation 55.3 Optimal Disassembly Sequence Generation for Piston and Connecting Rod Assembly 55.3.1 Selective Disassembly Sequence Generation 55.4 Conclusion References 56 Understanding the Design for Development Practice 56.1 Introduction 56.2 Method 56.2.1 Intended Respondents 56.2.2 Basis and Architecture of the Survey 56.3 Results 56.3.1 Profile of the Respondents 56.4 Prevalent Product Success Criteria Employed by Experienced Designers 56.5 Prevalent Scope of Design Used by Designer 56.5.1 Most Commonly Used Design Supports in Terms of Methodologies, Frameworks, Tools and Methods and Their Shortcomings 56.5.2 Perception About the Important and Challenging Phases of Design 56.5.3 Design Phases that Need Additional Support 56.6 Conclusions and Future Scope References 57 Solar Passive Design Features in the Vernacular Architecture of Telangana 57.1 Introduction 57.2 Background 57.2.1 Location 57.2.2 Climate Data 57.2.3 Data Collection 57.3 Solar Passive Features in the Vernacular Architecture of Kalabgoor 57.3.1 Settlement Pattern 57.3.2 Spatial Arrangements 57.3.3 Envelope Design 57.3.4 Construction Materials 57.3.5 Shading, Openings, and Use of Natural Ventilation 57.4 Results 57.5 Conclusion References 58 Identification of Surface Defects on an SLA-Printed Gyroid Lattice Structure 58.1 Introduction 58.2 Materials and Methods 58.2.1 Design and Machine Parameter 58.2.2 Post-processing 58.3 Result and Discussion 58.3.1 Surface Defects 58.3.2 General Precautions Before Printing to Avoid Print Failure 58.4 Conclusion References 59 Failure Analysis and Improvement of a Water Tank in a Vibratory Compactor 59.1 Introduction 59.2 Finite Element Analysis 59.3 Design Improvement 59.4 Conclusion References 60 Scope of Designing Boutique Buildings for Tourism Using Pre-engineered Building Systems 60.1 Introduction 60.1.1 Pre-engineered Buildings 60.1.2 Need for Prefabricated Structures 60.1.3 Tourism 60.1.4 Tourist Accommodation 60.1.5 Boutique Buildings 60.2 Context of the Research Work 60.3 Methodology 60.4 Result and Discussion 60.5 Future Plan of Action 60.6 Conclusion References 61 Design Space Exploration for Fulfilling Product Property Requirements in Additive Manufacturing 61.1 Introduction 61.2 Goal-Oriented Inverse Design (GoID) Method for Determining FDM Processing Parameter 61.3 cDSP Formulation Using CEF for Determining FDM Processing Parameters 61.4 Solution Space Exploration 61.5 Closing Remarks References 62 Assessment of Inclusivity in a Product Life Cycle 62.1 Introduction 62.2 Methodology 62.3 Framework for Mapping Inclusion 62.3.1 Case Study 62.4 Discussion and Conclusion References 63 Scenario Creation for Supporting Inclusivity in a Product Life Cycle 63.1 Introduction 63.1.1 Objectives 63.2 Background 63.2.1 Existing Approaches to Assessing Inclusivity 63.2.2 Sustainability, Manufacturing and Well-Being 63.3 Framework 63.3.1 Why? 63.3.2 Where? 63.3.3 Who? 63.3.4 How? 63.3.5 When? 63.3.6 What? 63.4 Case Study 63.5 Discussion and Conclusion References Part IV Design Modelling, Prototyping, Simulation and Visualisation 64 Implementation of Gamification as a Platform to Enhance Student Engagement in Learning Heritage Sites of Northeast India 64.1 Introduction 64.1.1 Heritage Sites of Northeast India 64.1.2 Gamification in Contemporary Education 64.2 Research Gap 64.3 Aim and Objective 64.4 Methodology 64.4.1 Survey-1 (Field Survey Among School Students) 64.4.2 Survey-2 (Online Survey Among Individuals) 64.5 Result and Discussions 64.5.1 Outcome of Survey-1 64.5.2 Outcome of Survey-2 64.6 Proposition of Game Overview and Design Approach 64.6.1 Design Brief and Game Mechanism 64.6.2 Level Design and Game Application Flowchart 64.7 Development of 3D Environment for Game Prototype 64.8 Future Scope 64.9 Conclusion References 65 Gamification Concept for Cognitive Learning of Indian Traffic Rules and Regulations for Safe Driving 65.1 Introduction 65.1.1 The Global Scenario of Road Accidents 65.1.2 Indian Scenario of Road Accidents 65.1.3 Road Accident Causes and Safety Measures 65.1.4 Public Awareness About Driving and Road Safety 65.1.5 Advancement of Contemporary Technology—Digital Learning, 3D Gamification, and Simulation 65.2 Research Gap 65.3 Aims and Objective 65.4 Methodology 65.4.1 Design Process 65.4.2 Survey 1 65.4.3 Survey 2 65.5 Results and Discussions 65.5.1 Results of Survey 1 65.5.2 Results of Survey 2 65.6 Concept Proposition for the Game 65.6.1 Brief of the Gameplay: Rules and Role of the Gamified Elements 65.7 Future Work 65.8 Conclusion References 66 Efficient Standards with Braille Portrayals with Morphological Inquiry for Sightless Children’s Storybooks 66.1 Introduction 66.2 Evaluation 66.2.1 Developing Strategies 66.2.2 Typography and Construction of Page 66.2.3 Morphological Investigation 66.2.4 References 66.3 Problem Classification 66.4 Statement 66.5 Methodology 66.5.1 Acquiring Procedure 66.5.2 Pictogram Deviation 66.5.3 Experiment 66.5.4 Morphological Investigation 66.5.5 Mapping of Natural Forms for Sightless Children 66.6 Sequal 66.7 Advantages 66.8 Limitations 66.9 Conclusion 66.10 Approaching Opportunity References 67 Identifying Features and Elements for Better Visual Identity of Traditional Handicrafts 67.1 Introduction 67.1.1 Designing Products with Cultural Elements/Cultural Product Design 67.1.2 Bamboo as a Material 67.1.3 Types of Regional Baskets and Factors Affecting the Elements of Design 67.1.4 Baskets: Forms and Fragmentation 67.2 Methodology 67.2.1 Phase 1 67.2.2 Phase II 67.3 Analysis and Insights 67.4 Conclusion References 68 Urban Metamorphosis of Kolkata Through Visual Mapping (1690–1962) 68.1 Introduction 68.2 Discursive Mapping 68.3 Kolkata's Background 68.4 Methodology 68.4.1 Data and Survey 68.4.2 Analysis:Evolution of Planning 68.5 Result and Discussion 68.5.1 General Description 68.5.2 Visual Mapping 68.5.3 Conclusion References 69 Automatic Design and Optimization of a Satellite Structure Using Parametric CAD Modeling 69.1 Introduction 69.2 Methodology 69.2.1 Parametric CAD Model 69.2.2 Finite Element Model 69.3 Results 69.3.1 A Systematic Analysis of the Relation Between 12 Design Variables and Quantities of Interest Based on Design of Experiments 69.4 Discussion and Conclusion References 70 An Interactive Visualizer for Reconfigurable Pin-Type Tooling 70.1 Introduction 70.2 Development 70.2.1 Urchin—Features and Workflow 70.2.2 Tool Configurations 70.3 Testing and Results 70.3.1 Visualization of Change in Mold Shape Based on the Input Surface 70.3.2 Algorithm 70.3.3 Comparing Packing Efficiencies 70.4 Conclusion References 71 Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives on Prototypes and Prototyping in Design 71.1 Introduction 71.2 Research Methodology 71.3 Theoretical Perspectives 71.3.1 Definitions of Prototypes and Prototyping 71.3.2 Purposes of Prototypes 71.3.3 Classifications of Prototypes 71.3.4 Prototyping Methods and Tools 71.4 Empirical Perspectives 71.5 Discussion 71.6 Summary, Conclusions and Future Work References 72 User Experience–Digital Twin Maturity Model (UX-DTMM) 72.1 Introduction 72.1.1 Need for UX Perspective in Digital Twin Maturity Model 72.1.2 User Experience Attributes in Maturity Models 72.2 Research Perspective 72.2.1 Research Aim 72.2.2 DTMM–User Experience Framework Dimensions 72.2.3 DTMM—Experiential Variables with Examples 72.2.4 Further Work—Questionnaire and Scorecard 72.3 Contributions and Conclusion References 73 Prototyping Framework for Effectively Communicating Service Concepts 73.1 Introduction 73.2 Prototyping for Effective and Efficient Communication 73.3 Service Prototyping Framework 73.3.1 Objectives of Prototyping Framework 73.3.2 Methodology 73.3.3 Derived Dependencies 73.4 SPF Canvas: An Interactive Service Prototyping Method 73.4.1 Approach 73.4.2 Reflection and Refinements 73.4.3 Refined Version of SPF Canvas 73.5 Conclusion and Future Work References 74 Warpage Estimation in Fused Filament Fabrication of ABS Parts Using Finite Element Method 74.1 Introduction 74.2 Methodology 74.2.1 Transient Thermal Analysis 74.2.2 Static Structural Analysis 74.3 Results and Discussions 74.4 Conclusion References 75 Design and Simulation of a Multi-purpose Adjustable Modular Robot for Precision Agriculture 75.1 Introduction 75.2 Materials and Methods 75.2.1 Motivation 75.2.2 Market Survey 75.2.3 Field Survey 75.3 Design Approach 75.3.1 Dimension of the Rover 75.3.2 Robot Operating Speed 75.3.3 Operating Time 75.3.4 Locomotion System 75.3.5 Steering System 75.3.6 Conceptualization of the Rover 75.3.7 CAD Modeling and Simulation Study 75.4 Conclusion and Future Scope References 76 A Framework for Optimal Design Life as Applied to Wind Energy System Operation 76.1 Introduction 76.2 Framework 76.3 Results and Discussion 76.4 Closing Remarks References