Design for Inclusivity: Proceedings of the UIA World Congress of Architects Copenhagen 2023 (Sustainable Development Goals Series)

The book provides new perspectives from leading experts examining the role of architects and urbanists in designing for inclusivity in our built environment. By focusing on themes of gender, race and ethnicity, ability, neurodiversity, age, poverty and socio-economy and the non-human, the book tackles the complex challenges that designers and scholars encounter and need to address in their works. The volume offers a diverse compilation of peer-reviewed papers related to architecture for inclusivity in various different formats, ranging from visual essays, argumentative papers and scholastic texts. It presents the notion of "availability", a concept which works to challenge the "othering" inherent in notions of inclusion and accessibility. In its introduction it presents a critical discourse around the challenges and potentials lying in the design for availability targeted towards a systemic change of our societies. The book is part of a series of six volumes that explore the agency of the built environment in relation to the SDGs through new research conducted by leading researchers. The series is led by editors Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen and Martin Tamke in collaboration with the theme editors: - Design for Climate Adaptation: Billie Faircloth and Maibritt Pedersen Zari - Design for Rethinking Resources: Carlo Ratti and Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen (Eds.) - Design for Resilient Communities: Anna Rubbo and Juan Du (Eds.) - Design for Health: Arif Hasan and Christian Benimana (Eds.) - Design for Inclusivity: Magda Mostafa and Ruth Baumeister (Eds.) - Design for Partnerships for Change: Sandi Hilal and Merve Bedir (Eds.) Scientific Committee General Reporter, Alternate General Reporter Panel Chairs Special Advisors Peer Review CommitteeWe would like to thank all members of the Peer Review Committee for this volume for their enduring effort and valuable advice.Ab RogersAllen KongAna BelčičAne PilegaardAnn HeylighenAnne Kathrine FrandsenAshraf SalamaAzlina AzizBasil AgohaChiko NcubeDimitris KapoukranidisDoerte KuhlmannEdson CabalfinFaezeh SalehiFriederike AscheGaochao ZhangGraeme BristolGu YoulongIrina VeronaJingyi MuJonas E. AnderssonJonna Majgaard KrarupJos BoysJoshua WaterstoneJulia de Oliveira MarquesKasia NawratekKirsten Marie RaahaugeKorydon SmithKrista MacyLei TieLuis Carlos Martins Mestrinho de Medeiros RaposoLuis Rico-GutierrezMagda MostafaMarcus Tang MeritMaría Teresa Trejo GuzmánMasashi KajitaMeike SchalkMomen El-HusseinyMonica MuresanuNicholas Thomas LeePaula Athayde BeckhauserPehr Mikael SällströmPhuong NguyenRuth BaunmeisterSanmathi N YelamaliSean AhlquistShureen FarisSofie SkouboSofie StillingSun-Young RiehSøren ChristensenTorsten LangeVanessa Lucianna Zadel VelásquezZuhrotul Mawaddatil Ula Preface Introduction Platform Vision Critical Positions Perspective References References A Room Available to All a Projective Cast for the Future of Architecture The Imaginary References Contents Gender 1 Radical Inclusivity: Architecture of Becoming Abstract 1.1 Moving Projects with Temporal Dimension 1.2 Radical Inclusivity 1.3 Fear of Death in Architecture 1.4 The Fragility of Buildings 1.5 Work and Labor, Development, and Maintenance 1.6 Protocols of Care 1.7 Radically Inclusive Architecture References 2 Understanding School Administrators’ and Teachers’ Perceptions of Gender-Inclusive Washroom Design: A Canadian Case Study Abstract 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Literature Review 2.3 Methodology 2.4 Results 2.5 Discussion and Conclusion References 3 Importance of Architecture and Gender Perspective for Healthy and Energy-Efficient Households to Achieve Sustainability: A Case of Kathmandu Abstract 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Materials and Methods 3.2.1 Selection of Study Areas 3.3 Results and Discussion 3.3.1 Built Environment 3.3.1.1 Built Environment and Energy Use for Heating/Cooling 3.3.1.2 Built Environment and Solar Energy Use 3.3.1.3 Income and Energy Share in Urban Households 3.4 Discussion 3.4.1 Environmental Behavior 3.4.1.1 Kitchen Indoor Environment: Kitchen Hoods and Ventilation 3.4.1.2 Kitchen Design (Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort) 3.4.1.3 Thermal Comfort of the Kitchen 3.5 Discussion 3.5.1 Intergenerational Energy Behavior—Gender Role 3.6 Discussion 3.7 Conclusion and Recommendations References 4 Design for Non-binary Youth Abstract 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Methodology 4.2.1 Case Study 4.2.2 Understanding Transgender 4.3 Results 4.3.1 Case Study—Bathroom Design 4.3.2 International Examples—Stalled! 4.3.3 Other Areas 4.4 Discussion 4.5 Conclusion References 5 Critical Framework for the Development of Women’s Shelters in Karachi: A Contextual Study Abstract 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Literature Review 5.5 Conclusion Acknowledgements Appendix 1 Appendix 2 References Race, Ethnicity and Minorities 6 Afrorurality New Proposals for the Construction of Ethnic Identity Abstract 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Considerations 6.3 Visual Essay: Afroruralities Acknowledgments References 7 The Time Capsule: Memories of Viequense Architecture Abstract 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Methodology 7.3 The Viequense Neighborhood 7.4 The Bohio Typology 7.5 Colonial Architecture 7.6 Church and Religion 7.7 The Influence of a Hospital 7.8 Conclusion References 8 The Boy and the Parrot He Carries: When Inner Dialogues Meet Abstract 8.1 Introduction 8.2 What Draws Your Attention? 8.3 What Piques Your Curiosity? 8.4 What Scenarios Do You Imagine Occurring in the Painting? 8.5 What is the Meaning of It Being Located in Oslo City Hall? 8.7 Further Discussion—Nobel Peace Prize 8.8 Further Discussion—Choice of Words 8.9 Closing Comments References 9 Spatial Renewal and Lost Voices Abstract 9.1 The Right to the City—And the Dilemma of Dialogic Inclusion When Lived Space is Altered 9.2 Revisiting Four Cases of Built Space with Lacking Inclusion 9.2.1 A Mapping Initiative in Calcutta, India 9.2.2 Denial of Culture in Kumarangk, Australia 9.2.3 Reaching Decisions in a Jordanian City Council Meeting Culture 9.2.4 Partial Inclusion in a City District in Malmö, Sweden 9.3 Dialogues for Inclusion in the Design of Built Environment Acknowledgements References 10 Inclusive Sustainable Urban Design Using the Owerri Urban Village, Imo State Nigeria Abstract 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Literature Review 10.3 Materials and Methods 10.4 Results 10.5 Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgements References 11 Study on the Residential Design Based on Spatial Model of Local Ethnic Traditional Dwellings in China’s Rural Renewals Abstract 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Spatial Model of Traditional Dwellings 11.3 The Contradictions Between Traditional Living Space and Modern Lifestyle 11.3.1 Changes in Living Style 11.3.2 Higher Requirements for Room Space Quality 11.3.3 The Convenience of Room Connection is Required More 11.4 Cases Study of Design Models that Combine Traditional Spatial Models with Modern Lifestyles 11.4.1 Design Case of Mongolian Modern Residential Buildings in Inner Mongolia 11.4.2 The Case of Gansu Han Rural Modern Residential Design 11.5 Conclusion References Ability 12 Hephaistos: A Phenomenological Approach to Inclusive Design Abstract 12.2 Inclusive Process 12.3 Haptic Experience 12.3.1 Haptic Experience Smell 12.3.2 Haptic Experience Light 12.3.4 Haptic Experience Touch 12.4 Inclusive Process References 13 The Inaccessible Nature of Accessible Nature—How the Concepts of Behavioural Settings and Affordances Can Support the Design Process of Physically and Socially Inclusive Natural Environments with a Potential Health- Promoting Effect for People with Mobility Disabilities Abstract 13.1 Introduction 13.1.1 Natural Environments Can Be a Health Resource for People with Mobility Disabilities 13.1.2 Setting the Scene—for Social Inclusiveness in Accessibility Solutions 13.2 The Framework 13.2.1 Physical Compatibility 13.2.2 Personal Intentions and Preferences 13.2.3 The Social Environment 13.3 The Tipping Point 13.4 How to Design for Social Inclusion 13.5 Conclusion References 14 Becoming Inclusive Abstract 14.1 Introduction 14.1.1 SDGs, Inclusion, and Human Rights 14.1.1.1 The UN, the SDGs and Inclusivity 14.1.1.2 The UIA and Inclusivity 14.1.1.3 SDGs and Architecture 14.1.1.4 Sustainability and Human Rights 14.1.1.5 A Rights-Based Approach to Development 14.2 Architecture and Human Rights 14.3 Participatory Rights 14.4 Cultural Rights 14.5 Rights of Access 14.6 Housing Rights 14.7 Environmental Rights 14.8 Workers’ Rights 14.9 Conclusion References 15 Exploring Disability as a Creative and Critical Challenge to Design Norms Abstract 15.1 Introduction 15.1.1 Disability and Creativity 15.2 On Everyday Experiential Pleasures 15.3 Changing Design Practices 15.4 Adaptability, Reuse and Human Flourishing 15.5 Disability and Changing Architectural Practices Acknowledgements References 16 Charter Towards an Accessible Municipality Abstract 16.1 Introduction 16.1.1 Who is Inter? 16.1.2 Municipalities, Key Partners Towards Accessibility 16.1.3 Integral Accessibility 16.1.4 The Chain of Accessibility 16.1.5 Universal Design as a Design Principle 16.2 Method 16.3 “Towards an Accessible Municipality”—Framework for an Integral and Integrated Municipal Policy 16.3.1 Approach 16.3.2 Detected Factors 16.3.3 Results 16.4 The Charter “Towards an Accessible Municipality” 16.4.1 Content of the Charter 16.5 Results 16.6 Innovation 17 Urban Form as a Driver for Inclusivity in Public Open Spaces: A Case from Glasgow Abstract 17.1 Introduction: The Case for Inclusivity in the Urban Realm 17.2 Materials and Methods 17.2.1 A Theoretical Framework for Examining Inclusivity in the Urban Realm 17.2.2 The Case of Glasgow City Center 17.3 Research Tools 17.3.1 Site Selection 17.3.2 Mechanism for Assessing the Site 17.3.3 Data Analysis 17.3.4 Preliminary Key Findings 17.4 Discussion and Conclusion References 18 Accessibility in Public Open Spaces for People with Disability: A Case of Patan, Nepal Abstract 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Objectives 18.3 Methodology 18.4 Scope and Limitations 18.4.1 Research Setting 18.5 Literature Review 18.5.1 What is Accessibility? 18.5.2 Accessible Design 18.5.3 The Principles of Universal Design 18.6 Data Analysis and Findings 18.6.1 Mangalbazar 18.7 Approaching the Infrastructure 18.7.1 Obstructions 18.7.2 Street Furniture 18.7.3 Pathways 18.7.4 Ramps/Curb Ramps 18.7.5 Parking 18.7.6 Signage 18.7.7 Sanitary Facilities 18.8 Lagankhel 18.8.1 Approaching the Infrastructure 18.8.2 Obstructions 18.8.3 Street Furniture 18.8.4 Pathways 18.8.5 Ramps/Curb ramps 18.8.6 Parking 18.8.7 Signage 18.8.8 Sanitary Facility 18.9 Jawalakhel 18.9.1 Approaching the Infrastructure 18.9.2 Obstructions 18.9.3 Street Furniture 18.9.4 Pathways 18.9.5 Ramp and Curb ramp 18.9.6 Parking 18.9.7 Signage 18.9.8 Sanitary Facility 18.10 Pulchowk 18.10.1 Approaching the Infrastructure 18.10.2 Obstructions 18.10.3 Street Furniture 18.10.4 Pathways 18.10.5 Ramp and Curb ramp 18.10.6 Parking 18.10.7 Signage 18.10.8 Sanitary Facility 18.11 Observation Results 18.12 Discussion 18.12.1 Key Research Findings 18.13 Conclusion 18.14 Recommendations Acknowledgements References 19 How Do Architects Experience Collaborating with User/Experts? Learning from the Accessibility Advisory Council Leuven Abstract 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Methods and Material 19.2.1 Accessibility Advisory Council Leuven 19.2.2 Case Selection and Data Collection 19.2.3 Data Analysis 19.3 Results 19.3.1 Evolution of Experience over Time 19.3.1.1 Architects’ Expectations 19.3.1.2 The Meeting 19.3.1.3 Architects’ Experience with the Collaboration 19.3.2 Accessibility Legislation versus User/Expert Advice 19.3.2.1 Architects’ Experience with Accessibility Legislation 19.3.2.2 Added Value of User Expert Advice 19.3.3 Impact of the Collaboration 19.3.3.1 Application of Advice 19.3.3.2 Broader Impact 19.4 Discussion and Conclusion Acknowledgements References 20 Exploring the Physical Environment Opportunities for Accessibility in Homes of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Malaysia Abstract 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Materials and Methods 20.3 Results and Discussion 20.4 Discussion and Conclusion Acknowledgements References 21 Enabling Abilities by Universal Design: Mapping Academic Initiatives Abstract 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Materials and Methods 21.3 Results 21.3.1 The Seven UD Principles 21.3.2 User/Expert Involvement 21.3.3 Systematising User Needs 21.3.4 Transferring a Tool from Another Academic Area 21.4 Discussion 21.5 Conclusion References 22 Research on Inclusive Design Strategy to Enhance Accessibility in Global Ageing: A Case Study of the Public Housing Wayfinding Design in Macau Abstract 22.1 Introduction 22.1.1 Ageing Society and Public Housing in Macau, China 22.1.2 Design for Wayfinding in Ageing Society 22.1.3 From Universal to Inclusive Design 22.1.4 Inclusive Wayfinding Design 22.2 Methodology 22.2.1 Framework of the AHP Method 22.3 Results 22.3.1 Inclusive Design Features in the Research Cases (See Table 22.5) 22.3.2 Spatial Typology and Circulation Systems in Social Housing Estates 22.4 Discussion 22.5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 23 Teaching for Inclusivity Abstract 23.1 Materials and Methods 23.1.1 Operability 23.1.2 Perceptibility 23.2 Simplicity 23.3 Indulgence 23.4 Results 23.5 Discussion and Conclusions References 24 Playground for Blind and Low-Vision Children—Improving Access and Play for Children, Parents and Carers in Cities Abstract 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Playgrounds and Barriers for BLV Children 24.2.1 Barrier: UN Convention and Regional Guidelines 24.2.2 Barrier: Can I? Risks, Trust and Confidence 24.2.3 Barrier: Designed by Whom? Playground Experience and Access 24.2.4 Barrier: Play—With Others? 24.2.5 Barrier: Specialised or Universal? 24.3 Research Pathway and Case Studies 24.3.1 Pathway One: Tactile Media 24.3.1.1 Background 24.3.1.2 Tactile Media—Developing Tactile Icons for Playground Maps 24.3.2 Pathway Two: Playground Experiences 24.3.3 Pathway Three: Matrix for Playground Criteria for Children with BLV 24.4 Discussion 24.4.1 Resolving Increasing Children’s Agency 24.4.2 Resolving Parents’ Expectations 24.4.3 Resolving Playgrounds, Towards Social Participation 24.5 Conclusions References Neurodiversity 25 The Power of an Autistic Lens: Visualising Activity in Shared Public Space Abstract 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Methods 25.3 Results 25.3.1 Capturing Whole Events in Motion Composites 25.3.2 Identifying Activity Loci and Desire Lines with Motion Intensity Maps 25.3.3 The Feel of a Place in Sensory Composites 25.3.4 Recording Passing Events in Slit-Scan Photographs 25.3.5 The Sense of Journey in Panoramic Slit-Scans 25.4 Discussion 25.5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 26 Our Neurodivergent Narratives: Visual Storytelling Through a Prototypical Design Framework Abstract 26.1 Background 26.2 Introduction 26.4 Next Steps Acknowledgements Bibliography [Co-creation] [Neurodiversity] [Placemaking] [Inclusive Design] [Inclusive Design—Continued] [Psychology] [Community Design] [Humanistic Design] 27 Neurodiversity, Sustainability, and Inclusion: A Case for Redundancy in Architecture Abstract 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Neurodiversity and Spatial Experience 27.3 Sustainability: Reduction and Redundancy 27.4 Functional and Sensory Redundancy 27.4.1 Space Planning 27.4.2 Building Systems and Infrastructure 27.4.3 Objects 27.4.4 Wayfinding 27.4.5 The Design Process 27.5 Conclusion References 28 Housing Design Strategies versus Users’ Experiences: Lessons Learned from a Group Home for Autistic Residents Abstract 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Methods 28.3 Results 28.3.1 Architects’ Knowing about Potential Autistic Users 28.3.2 How a Space Feels 28.3.3 How a Space Works 28.3.4 What a Space Means 28.4 Discussion Acknowledgements References 29 Analysis of Differences in Perception of Social Support in Public Spaces in the Neighborhood Abstract 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Methods 29.2.1 Sites 29.2.2 Variable Description 29.2.3 Participants 29.2.4 Data Collection 29.2.5 Data Analysis 29.3 Results 29.3.1 Categories of Public Space and Intergenerational Perception 29.3.1.1 Intergenerational Variance in the Perception of Different Types of Public Space 29.3.1.2 Variance in the Perception of Public Space Types Among Different Generations 29.3.2 Categories of Public Space and Gender Perception 29.3.2.1 Gender Variance in the Perception of Different Types of Public Space 29.3.2.2 Variance in the Perception of Public Space Types Among Different Genders 29.3.3 Evaluation of the Social Support of Specific Public Spaces 29.3.3.1 Evaluation of Public Spaces in the Neighborhood by Different Generations 29.3.3.2 Evaluation of Public Spaces in the Neighborhood by Different Genders 29.3.4 Evaluation Indicators for the Social Support of Public Spaces in the Neighborhood Based on Factor Analysis 29.3.4.1 Factor Analysis for Adjective Pairs 29.3.4.2 Indicators for the Social Support of Public Spaces in the Neighborhood 29.4 Discussion 29.4.1 Intergenerational Perception Conflicts 29.4.2 Gender Perception Conflict 29.5 Conclusion and Limitations Acknowledgements References 30 The Micro-Renewal of Urban Public Green Space Environment in Severe Cold Area of China Based on Activity Capacity Abstract 30.1 Introduction 30.1.1 Cold Cities 30.1.2 Difference in Activity Ability of Different Age Groups 30.1.3 Definition of Urban Green Space 30.1.4 Characteristics of Urban Green Space 30.1.5 Influence of Urban Green Space on Behavior 30.2 Method 30.3 Urban Public Green Space 30.3.1 Classification of Urban Public Green Space 30.3.2 Features of Public Green Space in Cold Cities 30.3.2.1 Site Selection 30.3.2.2 Landscape 30.3.2.3 Accessibility 30.3.2.4 Utilization Rate 30.4 Requirements of Outdoor Activities with Different Activity Abilities on the Site 30.4.1 Differences and Characteristics of Activity Ability of Different Groups 30.4.1.1 Types and Characteristics of children’s Activities 30.4.1.2 Types and Characteristics of Adult Activities 30.4.1.3 Types and Characteristics of Activities of the Elderly 30.4.2 Site Requirements for Different Types of Activities 30.4.2.1 Requirements for Fitness Activities 30.4.2.2 Leisure Activities 30.4.2.3 Cultural Activities 30.4.2.4 Children’s Construction Activities 30.4.3 Demand for Urban Public Green Space in Different Seasons 30.4.3.1 Demand for Urban Public Green Space in General Seasons 30.4.3.2 Demand for Urban Public Green Space in Winter 30.4.4 Demand of Different Groups for Urban Public Green Space 30.4.4.1 Children’s Space Demand for Urban Public Green Space 30.4.4.2 Space Demand of Adults for Urban Public Green Space 30.4.4.3 Space Demand of the Elderly for Urban Public Green Space 30.5 Impact Mechanism of Urban Public Green Space on Activities 30.5.1 Impact of Openness on Activities 30.5.2 Impact of Accessibility on Activities 30.5.3 Impact of Spatial Richness on Activities 30.5.4 Impact of Landscape Diversity on Activities 30.6 Micro-Renewal Strategy of Urban Public Green Space 30.6.2 Inclusive Micro-Renewal Countermeasures of Urban Public Green Space 30.6.2.1 Overall Planning 30.6.2.2 Moderate Reconstruction and Local Renewal 30.6.2.3 Adjust Measures to Local Conditions and Combine Regional Characteristics 30.6.2.4 People-Oriented and Resource Sharing 30.6.2.5 Diversified Functions to Stimulate Community Vitality 30.6.2.6 Inherit Culture and Place Spirit 30.7 Conclusion References 31 Frameworks for Dynamic Environments and Neurodiversity. Soft, a Deployable, Stress-Relief and, Adaptive Safe Space Abstract 31.1 Introduction 31.1.1 The Crux 31.1.2 Embodiment and Enaction: Dynamic Environments of Inclusion 31.1.3 Project Soft: A Case Study for Responsive Environments and Neurodivergence 31.2 Materials and Methods 31.2.1 Frameworks for Cross-Disciplinarity and the Lived Experience 31.2.2 Project Soft: Design Aspects 31.2.2.1 Physical System: Firm Versus Soft Matter 31.2.2.2 Responsive System: Dynamic Matter 31.2.2.3 Evaluation Methods Principles 31.3 Conclusion References Age 32 Design Process Suitable for Elderly Person Abstract 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Aging Process 32.2.1 World Phenomenon 32.2.2 Physiological Changes and Architectural Solutions 32.2.3 Environmental Adequation: Desires Beyond Needs 32.3 Architectural Design Process 32.3.1 Life Cycle of a Project 32.3.2 Architectural Program 32.4 Architectural Program Suitable for Elderly People 32.4.1 Multidisciplinary Approach 32.4.2 Inclusion of Elderly Individuals Through Participatory Design 32.5 Conclusion References 33 Education for Future Inclusion of Young People Abstract 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Methods and Materials 33.3 Inclusive Design Begins in the Process 33.4 The Young People’s City 33.5 A Change of Power 33.6 Education as a Tool 33.7 The Urban Designer as Facilitator of Learning Processes References 34 Empowering Teenagers Through Built Environment Education While Experimenting (In)The Public Space Abstract 34.1 Intro—Urban Up in De-a Arhitectura’s Portfolio—The Beginning 34.2 Urban Up! Built Environment for High-School Students—Outcomes 34.3 Follow-Up—The City and The Professions of the Built Environment 34.4 The Need for Urban Up to Grow Up (With a Fellowship for University Students) 34.5 Still Growing Up—Recent Projects 34.6 Conclusions Bibliography 35 Generative Design Method of Building Group Based on AIP (Aging in Place) Assessment: The Case of Dense Urban Renewal Districts in Hong Kong Abstract 35.1 Introduction 35.1.1 Background 35.1.2 Our Study 35.2 Material and Methods 35.2.1 AIP Assessment Process 35.2.1.1 AIP Assessment Process 35.2.1.2 Weight Acquisition 35.2.1.3 Total Score Assessment and Zoning 35.2.2 Generative Design Method 35.2.2.1 Building Generation Settings 35.2.2.2 Evolutionary Strategy 35.3 Results 35.3.1 Simulation Results 35.3.2 Excellent Individuals Selection 35.3.3 Results Verification 35.3.4 Excellent Genes Extraction 35.4 Conclusion and Future Works Appendix References 36 Impacts of the Elderly-Oriented Residential Buildings in Northern Communities of the Elderly Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology Abstract 36.1 Introduction 36.2 Methodology 36.2.1 Selection of Research Objects 36.2.2 Questionnaire 36.2.3 GDS 36.2.4 SAS 36.2.5 MHS for Elderly 36.2.6 Statistical Analysis 36.3 Results 36.3.1 Analysis on Overall Satisfaction of the Elderly in Two Groups to the Current Ageing Communities 36.3.2 Analysis on Satisfaction of the Elderly in Two Groups to the Current Ageing Services 36.3.3 Analysis on Satisfaction of the Elderly in Two Groups to Current Residential Buildings 36.3.4 Analysis on Satisfaction of Elderly in Two Groups to AI Equipment 36.3.5 Comparison on Depression and Anxiety Degrees of the Elderly in Two Groups 36.3.6 Comparison of the Elderly in Two Groups to the Mental Health Levels 36.3.7 Correlation Between the Mental Health Levels and Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Elderly in Group S1 36.3.8 Evaluation of Residential Environment by the Elderly in Ageing Communities 36.4 Discussion 36.4.1 Construction of Urban Residential Areas Suitable for Old Life in Ageing Communities 36.4.2 Application of AI Used for the Aged Group of People 36.5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 37 Inclusive Aging in Place: Proposal for a 0–100 Care Community in Sejong, Korea Abstract 37.1 Introduction 37.2 Material and Method 37.2.1 Methodology of Case Study 37.2.2 Context of New Administration City, Sejong 37.3 Principles of Spatial Strategy for Inclusivity 37.3.1 Intergenerational Space 37.4 Facility Share 37.4.1 Inclusive Smart City 37.4.2 Motivation for Participation 37.5 Discussion: Proposed Space and Implementation 37.5.1 School as a Community Hub 37.5.2 Community Care Lounge Linking Senior Space and Nursery 37.5.3 Central Green Path Linking Intergenerational Spaces 37.5.4 Safe Mobility Zone for Care 37.5.5 Seamless Community Walkway 37.6 Conclusion References 38 Children’s Rights to Mobility in the City: Paying Attention to Children’s Spatial Knowledge Abstract 38.1 Introduction 38.2 Materials and Methods: “Allemansrätt”/The Right to Public Access and the Method of Following 38.3 The Scooter Story 38.4 Discussion, Findings, and Conclusion References 39 How to Design Inclusive Neighbourhoods also for People with Dementia. The “European Block” as a Potential Space Abstract 39.1 Introduction 39.2 Materials and Methods 39.2.1 Multi-Perspective Neighbourhood Analysis 39.2.2 Spatial Comparative Analysis 39.3 Case Studies 39.4 Comparison 39.5 The How of the Comparison 39.6 Results Outline placeholder 39.6.1.1 Dimension Contrasting Main Conclusion Contrasting: Both Spaces Create Accessibility in Different Ways Conclusion (regulated stimulation, opportunity for social interaction and regulation of privacy, adaptation to change, enabling autonomy and environmental control) 39.6.1.2 Dimension Finding Variations Conclusion (enabling autonomy and environmental control) 39.6.1.3 Dimension Merging 39.6.2 Result 39.6.3 Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgement References Poverty and Socio-economy 40 Vessels of Exclusion as Potential Vessels of Life Abstract 40.1 Introduction 40.2 Analysis 40.3 Conclusion References Foreign Bibliography English Bibliography Online Documents 41 Mitchellian Architecture: Building Code and Informal Settlements in Hong Kong Abstract 41.1 Introduction 41.2 Mitchellian Architecture 41.3 Monopoly of Formal Expertise 41.4 Authority of Formal Expertise 41.5 Absoluteness of Formal Expertise 41.6 Conclusion References 42 +Favela −Trash: Socio-Environmental Self-Management of Waste in Favelas Abstract 42.1 Introduction 42.2 Materials and Methods 42.3 Results 42.3.1 Meetings Between Students and Local Leaders 42.4 Actions 42.4.1 Rubble Treatment—Abandoned Cars and Mini-Gabion 42.4.2 Urban Furniture—Waste-Hook 42.4.3 Spreading the Word: Map of Aglomerado da Serra, Composting Techniques, and Lambe-Lambes 42.4.4 The Impacts on Partners 42.5 Discussion and Conclusion References 43 Integrate and Redefine Popular Built Environments Abstract 43.1 Introduction 43.2 Methodological Approach 43.3 Theoretical Background 43.4 History of the Territory 43.5 Project Development 43.6 Results 43.7 Discussion 43.8 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 44 “Back on the Map”: Developing a Multi-scalar Informal Settlement Mapping Framework Based on a Case Study in Dhaka Abstract 44.1 Introduction 44.2 Methods 44.2.1 Part 1: Multi-scalar Mapping Framework 44.4 Discussions and Conclusion References 45 Sustainable Rural Development Through Generative Design Abstract 45.1 Introduction 45.2 Impact of History and Urbanization on the Rural Landscape of South Africa 45.3 Defining Sustainable Development 45.4 Methodology 45.5 Case Study 45.6 Development Guidelines 45.7 Implementation 45.8 Closing Argument References 46 The Role of UN Sustainable Development Goals in Designing for Refugees: The Case of Sidewalk Occupation at the UNHCR in Pretoria, South Africa Abstract 46.1 Background 46.2 Sustainable Development Goals 46.2.1 No Poverty 46.2.2 Zero Hunger 46.2.3 Good Health and Well-Being 46.2.4 Quality Education 46.2.5 Gender Equality 46.2.6 Clean Water and Sanitation 46.3 Architecture is a Human Right 46.4 Moving Towards a Solution (Space) 46.4.1 Utopia and Heterotopia 46.4.2 The City 46.4.3 Dwelling 46.5 Conclusion References The Non-human 47 How to Speak the Language of Dolphins? Challenges and Opportunities for Interdisciplinary Knowledge Transfer to Inform a Multispecies Architecture Abstract 47.1 Introduction 47.2 When Good News Is also Bad News, Language as a Powerful Tool for Knowledge Sharing but also a Management Problem in Itself 47.3 Agreement on What? Finding Common Ground for Different Interpretations and Perceptions 47.4 Such Strange Articulations: Nature That Is Not “Natural” and Buildings That Are “Alive” 47.5 Conclusion References 48 Towards a More-Than-Human Architecture: Exploring the Notion of Inclusivity Abstract 48.1 Introduction 48.2 The Garden Outside, the Garden Within, the Garden In-Between 48.3 Wildness, Wilderness, and Co-Existence? 48.4 Inclusivity? 48.5 Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References 49 The Architecture of (Hu)man Exceptionalism. Redrawing our Relationships to Other Species Abstract 49.1 Speciesism and the Human Category 49.2 (Hu)Man Rectitude in Architecture 49.2.1 Human Ideals in the Vitruvian Man [The Body Ideal] 49.2.2 The Rightness of Right Angles [The Building Ideal] 49.2.3 Donkey Urbanism and the Colonizing Grid [The City Ideal] References 50 Inclusion Through Exclusion Abstract 50.1 Introduction 50.1.1 The Role of Distance in Landscape Architecture 50.2 Method 50.3 Findings 50.4 Discussion 50.4.1 Distance as Part of the Solution 50.4.2 Inhabiting a Habitat 50.4.3 Achieving Resonance with the Nonhuman 50.4.4 Breaking Out—Seeking the Great Out-Doors 50.4.5 Experience of Belonging 50.4.6 The Third Landscape—Distance and Connectedness Through Caring 50.4.7 Rewilding or Wilderness as a Cultural Asset 50.5 In Concluding References 51 Towards a Relational Theory of Architectural Modeling Abstract 51.1 Introduction 51.2 Materials and Methods 51.3 Results 51.4 Discussion 51.4.1 The Lomma Harbour Planning Project 51.4.2 The Elastic Home Innovation Project 51.5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 52 I.N.S.E.C.T—Summercamp: Developing Multispecies Design Perspectives, Practices, and Discourse Through Co-creating (in) Community Abstract 52.1 Introduction 52.1.1 The I.N.S.E.C.T. Summercamp 52.1.2 Design as a Process 52.1.2.1 Co-creation 52.1.2.2 Biodesign and Multispecies Design 52.2 Case Study: I.N.S.E.C.T. Summercamp Part 1 and 2 52.2.1 INSECT Summercamp Part 1: Designing-for 52.2.2 I.N.S.E.C.T. Summercamp Part 2: Being-With 52.3 Reflections Acknowledgements References Intersectionality 53 Making the Special the General: Design Parameters for Supporting Inclusivity in Schools Abstract 53.1 Introduction 53.2 Exploring the Interaction Between Space and Behaviour 53.3 Designing for Disability 53.4 Differentiated Learning Spaces 53.5 Making the Special the General 53.6 A Spatial Compass for Inclusive Design 53.7 Spatial Translation 53.8 Strategic Use of Space 53.9 Conclusion References 54 Multi-Sensory Wayfinding: Lessons from the Margins Towards the Design of Equitable and Healthy Spaces Abstract 54.1 Principles 54.2 Methodology 54.3 Conclusion References 55 Inclusive Acupuncture in Campus Design: On the Intersectionality of Livability and Well-Being at the American University in Cairo Abstract 55.1 Introduction 55.2 Literature Review 55.3 Methods and Methodology 55.4 Service-Based Acupuncture 55.4.1 AUC Campus Vision and Design 55.4.2 Study Areas 55.5 Inclusive Acupuncture 55.5.1 Spatial Narratives 55.5.2 Socio-behavioral Mapping 55.5.3 Environmental Modeling 55.6 Results and Findings 55.7 Conclusion References 56 A Behavioural Analysis of the Intersectionality of Gender in Housing Among Indian Middle-Class Families Abstract 56.1 Introduction 56.1.1 Aim 56.1.2 Objectives 56.1.3 Scope 56.1.4 Limitations 56.2 Methodology 56.2.1 Sample 56.3 Data Collection (Part I) 56.3.1 Secondary Case Study 56.3.2 Primary Case Study 56.3.3 Comparative Analysis 56.4 Data Collection (Part II) 56.4.1 Sample Questions from the Survey 56.4.2 Responses 56.4.3 Indicators of Behaviour—A Comparative Analysis 56.5 Results and Discussion Acknowledgements References 57 Inclusive Building Performance: A New Design Paradigm Abstract 57.1 Introduction 57.2 Background 57.2.1 Accessible Design 57.2.2 Universal Design 57.2.3 Inclusive Design 57.3 Defining Parameters for Accessible, Universal, and Inclusive Design 57.4 Building Performance and Inclusive Design 57.5 Inclusive Building Performance: A New Design Paradigm 57.6 Benefits of Adopting Inclusive Building P