Design and Development of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and RFID-enabled Sensors on Flexible Low Cost Substrates (Synthesis Lectures on RF microwaves)

This book presents a step-by-step discussion of the design and development of radio frequency identification (RFID) and RFID-enabled sensors on flexible low cost substrates for UHF frequency bands. Various examples of fully function building blocks (design and fabrication of antennas, integration with ICs and microcontrollers, power sources, as well as inkjet-printing techniques) demonstrate the revolutionary effect of this approach in low cost RFID and RFID-enabled sensors fields. This approach could be easily extended to other microwave and wireless applications as well. The first chapter describes the basic functionality and the physical and IT-related principles underlying RFID and sensors technology. Chapter two explains in detail inkjet-printing technology providing the characterization of the conductive ink, which consists of nano-silver-particles, while highlighting the importance of this technology as a fast and simple fabrication technique especially on flexible organic substrates such as Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) or paper-based substrates. Chapter three demonstrates several compact inkjet-printed UHF RFID antennas using antenna matching techniques to match IC's complex impedance as prototypes to provide the proof of concept of this technology. Chapter four discusses the benefits of using conformal magnetic material as a substrate for miniaturized high-frequency circuit applications. In addition, in Chapter five, the authors also touch up the state-of-the-art area of fully-integrated wireless sensor modules on organic substrates and show the first ever 2D sensor integration with an RFID tag module on paper, as well as the possibility of 3D multilayer paper-based RF/microwave structures. Table of Contents: Radio Frequency Identification Introduction / Flexible Organic Low Cost Substrates / Benchmarking RFID Prototypes on Organic Substrates / Conformal Magnetic Composite RFID Tags / Inkjet-Printed RFID-Enabled Sensors This book presents a step-by-step discussion of the Design and Development of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and RFID-enabled Sensors on Flexible Low Cost Substrates for the UHF Frequency bands. Various examples of fully function building blocks (design and fabrication of antennas, integration with ICs and microcontrollers, power sources, as well as inkjet-printing techniques) demonstrate the revolutionary effect of this approach in low cost RFID and RFID-enabled sensors fields. This approach could be easily extended to other microwave and wireless applications as well. The first chapter describes the basic functionality and the physical and IT-related principles underlying RFID and sensors technology.^ Chapter two explains in detail inkjet-printing technology providing the characterization of the conductive ink, which consists of nano-silver-particles, while highlighting the importance of this technology as a fast and simple fabrication technique especially on flexible organic substrates such as Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) or paper-based substrates. Chapter three demonstrates several compact inkjet-printed UHF RFID antennas using antenna matching techniques to match IC's complex impedance as prototypes to provide the proof of concept of this technology. Chapter four discusses the benefits of using conformal magnetic material as a substrate for miniaturized high-frequency circuit applications.^ In addition, in Chapter five, the authors also touch up the state-of-the-art area of fully-integrated wireless sensor modules on organic substrates and show the first ever 2D sensor integration with an RFID tag module on paper, as well as the possibility of 3D multilayer paper-based RF/microwave structures. The authors would like to express our gratitude to the individuals and organizations that helped in one way or another to produce this book. First to the colleagues in ATHENA research group in Georgia Institute of Technology, for their contribution in the research projects. To the staff members in Georgia Electronic Design Center, for their valuable help. To Jiexin Li, for her continuous support and patience.To Amir Mortazawi, our series editor, for his guidance. Also, the book would not have been developed without the very capable assistance from Joel D. Claypool, and other publishing professionals at Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book presents a step-by-step discussion of the Design and Development of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and RFID-enabled Sensors on Flexible Low Cost Substrates for the UHF Frequency bands. Various examples of fully function building blocks (design and fabrication of antennas, integration with ICs and microcontrollers, power sources, as well as inkjet-printing techniques) demonstrate the revolutionary effect of this approach in low cost RFID and RFID-enabled sensors fields. This approach could be easily extended to other microwave and wireless applications as well. The first chapter describes the basic functionality and the physical and IT-related principles underlying RFID and sensors technology. Chapter two explains in detail inkjet-printing technology providing the characterization of the conductive ink, which consists of nano-silver-particles, while highlighting the importance of this technology as a fast and simple fabrication technique especially on flexible organic substrates such as Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) or paper-based substrates. Chapter three demonstrates several compact inkjet-printed UHF RFID antennas using antenna matching techniques to match IC's complex impedance as prototypes to provide the proof of concept of this technology. Chapter four discusses the benefits of using conformal magnetic material as a substrate for miniaturized high-frequency circuit applications. In addition, in Chapter five, the authors also touch up the state-of-the-art area of fully-integrated wireless sensor modules on organic substrates and show the first ever 2D sensor integration with an RFID tag module on paper, as well as the possibility of 3D multilayer paper-based RF/microwave structures. The authors would like to express our gratitude to the individuals and organizations that helped in one way or another to produce this book. First to the colleagues in ATHENA research group in Georgia Institute of Technology, for their contribution in the research projects. To the staff members in Georgia Electronic Design Center, for their valuable help. To Jiexin Li, for her continuous support and patience. To Amir Mortazawi, our series editor, for his guidance. Also, the book would not have been developed without the very capable assistance from Joel D. Claypool, and other publishing professionals at Morgan & Claypool Publishers Design and Development of RFID and RFID-Enabled Sensors on Flexible Low Cost Substrates (Synthesis Lectures on RfMicrowaves)......Page 1 Rfid_and_Rfid-enabled_Sensors_on_Flexible_Low-cost_Substrates_1598298607_1598298615......Page 2 History of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)......Page 10 The Cost of RFID Tag......Page 13 Tag Performance......Page 14 RFID/Sensor Integration......Page 15 Dielectric Characterization of the Paper Substrate......Page 20 Dielectric Constant Measurements......Page 22 Dielectric Loss Tangent Measurements......Page 23 Cavity Resonator Method......Page 24 Liquid Crystal Polymer: Properties and Benefits for RF Applications......Page 25 Inkjet-printing Technology and Conductive Ink......Page 27 RFid Antenna Design Challenges......Page 32 Design Approach......Page 33 Antenna Circuit Modeling......Page 35 Effect on Antenna Parameters when placed on Common Packaging Materials......Page 38 Results and Discussion......Page 41 Monopole Antenna......Page 43 Design Approach......Page 44 Results and Discussion......Page 47 Antenna Gain Measurement......Page 48 Conformal Magnetic Composite RFID Tags......Page 58 Active RFID-Enabled Sensor......Page 70 Passive RFID-Enabled Sensor......Page 79 Radio frequency identification introduction History of radio frequency identification (RFID) Challenges in RFID tag design The cost of RFID tag Tag performance RFID/sensor integration Flexible organic low cost substrates Paper: the ultimate solution for lowest cost environmentally friendly RF Substrate Dielectric characterization of the paper substrate Dielectric constant measurements Dielectric loss tangent measurements Cavity resonator method Liquid crystal polymer: properties and benefits for RF applications Inkjet-printing technology and conductive ink Benchmarking RFID prototypes on organic substrates RFID antenna design challenges RFID antenna with serial stub feeding structures Design approach Antenna circuit modeling Measurement results and discussion Effect on antenna parameters when placed on common packaging materials Bowtie T-match RFID antenna Design approach Results and discussion Monopole antenna Design approach Results and discussion Antenna gain measurement Conformal magnetic composite RFID tags Inkjet-printed RFID-enabled sensors Active RFID-enabled sensor Passive RFID-enabled sensor.